An improved computation scheme of strapdown inertial navigation system using rotation technique

To improve the accuracy of strapdown inertial navigation system(SINS) for long term applications,the rotation technique is employed to modulate the errors of the inertial sensors into periodically varied signals,and,as a result,to suppress the divergence of SINS errors.However,the errors of rotation platform will be introduced into SINS and might affect the final navigation accuracy.Considering the disadvantages of the conventional navigation computation scheme,an improved computation scheme of the SINS using rotation technique is proposed which can reduce the effects of the rotation platform errors.And,the error characteristics of the SINS with this navigation computation scheme are analyzed.Theoretical analysis,simulations and real test results show that the proposed navigation computation scheme outperforms the conventional navigation computation scheme,meanwhile reduces the requirement to the measurement accuracy of rotation angles.

Suppression of the G-sensitive drift of laser gyro in dual-axis rotational inertial navigation system

The dual-axis rotational inertial navigation system(INS)with dithered ring laser gyro(DRLG)is widely used in high precision navigation.The major inertial sensor errors such as drift errors of gyro and accelerometer can be averaged out,but the G-sensitive drifts of laser gyro cannot be averaged out by indexing.A 16-position rotational simulation experiment proves the G-sensitive drift will affect the long-term navigation error for the rotational INS quantitatively.The vibration coupling and asymmetric structure of the DRLG are the main errors.A new dithered mechanism and optimized DRLG is designed.The validity and efficiency of the optimized design are conformed by 1 g sinusoidal vibration experiments.An optimized inertial measurement unit(IMU)is formulated and measured experimentally.Laboratory and vehicle experimental results show that the divergence speed of longitude errors can be effectively slowed down in the optimized IMU.In long term independent navigation,the position accuracy of dual-axis rotational INS is improved close to 50%,and the G-sensitive drifts of laser gyro in the optimized IMU are less than 0.0002°/h.These results have important theoretical significance and practical value for improving the structural dynamic characteristics of DRLG INS,especially the highprecision inertial system.

ROTATING FIBER OPTIC GYRO STRAP-DOWN INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM WITH THREE ROTATING AXES

The principle of the inertial navigation system（INS） with rotating inertial measurement unit （IMU） is analyzed. A new IMU is established to rotate round each axis in three directions. Then, the related error models for the designed system during rotating are deduced and the improved system is built. Finally, the performance simulation of the proposed system is provided. The simulation result indicates that the designed system can improve the accuracy of the roll and the pitch as well as heading by rotating three axes, thus guaranting the heading accuracy. Moreover, based on the principle of rotation at six different positions, such structure can carry out real-time calibration, and improve the system performance.

Analysis of Error for a Rotating Strap-down Inertial Navigation System with Fibro Gyro

The error equation of a rotating inertial navigation system was introduced. The effect of the system's main error source (constant drift of gyro and zero bias of accelerometer) under rotating conditions for the system was analyzed. Validity of theoretical analysis was shown via simulation, and that provides a theoretical foundation for a rotating strap-down inertial navigation system during actual experimentation and application.

Method of Improving the Navigation Accuracy of SINS by Continuous Rotation

A method of improving the navigation accuracy of strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) is studied. The particular technique discussed involves the continuous rotation of gyros and accelerometers cluster about the vertical axis of the vehicle. Then the errors of these sensors will have periodic variation corresponding to components along the body frame. Under this condition, the modulated sensor errors produce reduced system errors. Theoretical analysis based on a new coordinate system defined as sensing frame and test results are presented, and they indicate the method attenuates the navigation errors brought by the gyros' random constant drift and the accelerometer's bias and their white noise compared to the conventional method.

A tightly coupled rotational SINS/CNS integrated navigation method for aircraft

Strapdown inertial navigation system(SINS)/celestial navigation system(CNS)integrated navigation is widely used to achieve long-time and high-precision autonomous navigation for aircraft.In general,SINS/CNS integrated navigation can be divided into two integrated modes:loosely coupled integrated navigation and tightly coupled integrated navigation.Because the loosely coupled SINS/CNS integrated system is only available in the condition of at least three stars,the latter one is becoming a research hotspot.One major challenge of SINS/CNS integrated navigation is obtaining a high-precision horizon reference.To solve this problem,an innovative tightly coupled rotational SINS/CNS integrated navigation method is proposed.In this method,the rotational SINS error equation in the navigation frame is used as the state model,and the starlight vector and star altitude are used as measurements.Semi-physical simulations are conducted to test the performance of this integrated method.Results show that this tightly coupled rotational SINS/CNS method has the best navigation accuracy compared with SINS,rotational SINS,and traditional tightly coupled SINS/CNS integrated navigation method.

A Quaternion Scaled Unscented Kalman Estimator for Inertial Navigation States Determination Using INS/GPS/Magnetometer Fusion

This Inertial Navigation System (INS), Global Positioning System (GPS) and fluxgate magnetometer technologies have been widely used in a variety of positioning and navigation applications. In this paper, a low cost solid state INS/GPS/Magnetometer integrated navigation system has been developed that incorporates measurements from an Inertial Navigation System (INS), Global Positioning System (GPS) and fluxgate magnetometer (Mag.) to provide a reliable complete navigation solution at a high output rate. The body attitude estimates, especially the heading angle, are fundamental challenges in a navigation system. Therefore targeting accurate attitude estimation is considered a significant contribution to the overall navigation error. A better estimation of the body attitude estimates leads to more accurate position and velocity estimation. For that end, the aim of this research is to exploit the magnetometer and accelerometer data in the attitude estimation technique. In this paper, a Scaled Unscented Kalman Filter (SUKF) based on the quaternion concept is designed for the INS/GPS/Mag integrated navigation system under large attitude error conditions. Simulation and experimental results indicate a satisfactory performance of the newly developed model.

Error Model of Rotary Ring Laser Gyro Inertial Navigation System

To improve the precision of inertial navigation system（INS） during long time operation,the rotation modulated technique（RMT） was employed to modulate the errorr of the inertial sensors into periodically varied signals,and,as a result,to suppress the divergence of INS errors.The principle of the RMT was introduced and the error propagating functions were derived from the rotary navigation equation.Effects of the measurement error for the rotation angle of the platform on the system precision were analyzed.The simulation and experimental results show that the precision of INS was ① dramatically improved with the use of the RMT,and ② hardly reduced when the measurement error for the rotation angle was in arc-second level.The study results offer a theoretical basis for engineering design of rotary INS.

Research of Strapdown Integrated Navigation System Based on Rota­tion Control Technology

To realize high-precision Single-axial Rotating FOG-SINS,a low-power,low-cost,middle-precision rotating control mechanism design for single-axial rotating navigation system is put forward.Through theory analysis,design and experimental verification,the rotating control mechanism has good control precision and high reliability,which meets the demands for developing middle&high-precision FOG-SINS.

Comparison of strapdown inertial navigation algorithm based on rotation vector and dual quaternion

For the navigation algorithm of the strapdown inertial navigation system, by comparing to the equations of the dual quaternion and quaternion, the superiority of the attitude algorithm based on dual quaternion over the ones based on rotation vector in accuracy is analyzed in the case of the rotation of navigation frame. By comparing the update algorithm of the gravitational velocity in dual quaternion solution with the compensation algorithm of the harmful acceleration in traditional velocity solution, the accuracy advantage of the gravitational velocity based on dual quaternion is addressed. In view of the idea of the attitude and velocity algorithm based on dual quaternion, an improved navigation algorithm is proposed, which is as much as the rotation vector algorithm in computational complexity. According to this method, the attitude quaternion does not require compensating as the navigation frame rotates. In order to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis, simulations are carried out utilizing the software, and the simulation results show that the accuracy of the improved algorithm is approximately equal to the dual quaternion algorithm.

旋转惯导姿态误差补偿方法分析

旋转惯导能够实现误差自补偿,从而提高系统导航精度。但旋转惯导中的旋转结构较为复杂,存在轴系的非正交误差、测角误差等,导致姿态输出随着旋转而发生波动,影响着惯导姿态解调输出的精度。针对惯导姿态误差补偿方法,选取4种常用的拟合补偿方法进行讨论,并结合实际采集数据,进行试验比对与分析,为后续工程应用提供参考。

光学陀螺旋转调制惯导系统及关键技术发展

面向长航时、高精度的自主导航技术需求,系统梳理光学陀螺旋转调制惯导系统的发展历程及关键技术现状具有重要的现实意义。首先,基于惯导系统误差特性,阐述了旋转调制技术的基本原理。其次,系统回顾和梳理欧美等西方国家旋转惯导系统发展历程,分析了系统发展演变后的技术逻辑,总结了我国旋转惯导系统的研制现状。最后,立足于提高系统自主导航精度,从旋转策略优化、误差标校、初始对准3个方面分析了旋转惯导系统需解决的关键技术及研究现状。在总结光学陀螺旋转调制惯导系统及关键技术发展基础上,针对后续旋转惯导系统研究提出了几点思考,为高精度自主导航技术研究提供参考。

基于双惯导协同的误差参数估计与融合算法

针对无外界参考信息的双惯导系统长期使用后系统参数发生变化导致导航精度降低,且系统间缺少信息融合的问题,提出了一种同等精度双惯导协同误差估计与信息融合算法。首先以两套旋转式惯导间相对速度误差与位置误差作为观测量,建立包含陀螺和加速度计零偏的导航误差模型。然后分析了不同转序下各状态量的可观测性,采用Kalman滤波对各参数进行有效估计,估计完成后对双惯导系统进行误差补偿及信息融合。仿真结果表明,所提算法对陀螺零偏估计精度优于0.002(°)/h,加速度计零偏估计精度优于4μg,在抑制误差发散的同时,提高了旋转式惯导导航精度。

基于IMU体对角线旋转的双轴旋转方案

旋转调制技术可以有效降低惯导系统的导航误差,但目前常规旋转惯导系统的机械结构无法更进一步提升误差调制效果。基于惯性测量单元(inertial measurement unit,IMU)体对角线安装结构,提出了一种改进的双轴旋转方案。方案选取IMU 3个正交惯性器件的体对角线为水平旋转轴,与该轴正交的旋转轴为垂向旋转轴。通过改变水平和垂向旋转轴的旋转速度、方向和次序实现双轴旋转。由于旋转轴与惯性器件均不同向,在旋转的任意时刻,3个方向的惯性器件误差均得到了调制。首先,建立了基于体对角线旋转方案的数学模型,在此基础上推导了坐标变换关系与误差方程,得到了误差传播特性,验证了改进方案的优势。最后,进行了系统综合误差的仿真校验。在相同误差条件下,系统位置误差由传统方案的0.4189海里/120小时减小到0.1207海里/120小时,验证了改进方案抑制误差的有效性。

单/双轴旋转惯导融合技术在航天测量船的应用

惯性导航系统(INS)可以为航天测量船建立高精度的坐标系基准,同时连续提供高精度的姿态、速度和位置等导航系统信息,是航天测量船核心设备之一。针对INS旋转调制引起的姿态、速度稳定性降低问题,提出一种单/双轴旋转惯导融合方法。从单轴和双轴惯导的工作原理出发,对两者的误差特性进行了综合比对分析,得到两种调制形式惯导设备导航信息特点,设计融合滤波器将两者信息优势结合,以在卫导拒止条件下,获得更高精度的自主导航信息。最后进行了实验验证,实验结果表明,工作在自主导航模式下的双轴惯导系统,经过与单轴系统信息融合后速度和姿态稳定性精度提高50%以上,保障了航天测量船的测控性能。

一种改进的双轴旋转惯导系统误差调制方案

旋转惯性导航系统通过让惯性测量单元(inertial measurement unit,IMU)周期性地绕一个或多个轴旋转来调制系统误差。合理的旋转方案应尽可能消除惯性器件引起的系统误差,同时在IMU时不应引入新的误差。提出了一种改进的双轴旋转惯性导航系统的综合误差调制方案,方案不仅可以调制惯性器件的常值误差,而且可以抑制由刻度系数误差、安装误差与IMU旋转运动耦合而引起的额外误差。与常见的16位置旋转方案相比,耦合误差被调制为零均值周期形式,且误差幅度减小一半,从而减小了系统的速度误差和位置误差。数学分析和仿真试验表明,在相同综合误差条件下,旋转方案将纬度误差由常见16位置旋转方案的0.3831n mile/72h降低到0.1910n mile/72h,经度误差从1.1071 n mile/72h降低到0.4627 n mile/72h。

基于双惯导系统协同的全参数在线标定算法

针对外场环境下没有准确外界参考信息时惯导系统的标定问题,提出了一种基于双惯导系统协同的全参数在线标定算法,其中惯导1为正常工作的双轴旋转惯导系统,惯导2为待标定的具备双轴转位机构的惯导系统。不依靠外界基准信息,在保证惯导1独立工作的前提下,以两套惯导间的相对速度、相对位置作为状态约束观测,利用卡尔曼滤波对惯导2的全误差参数进行标定。通过蒙特卡洛仿真、实物实验和不同时段的协同标定实验对算法的有效性进行了验证,结果表明:在船载冗余惯导系统协同标定的条件下,所提算法对惯导2陀螺标度因数的标定精度优于0.2 ppm(1σ),加速度计标度因数的标定精度优于0.6 ppm(1σ),安装误差的标定精度优于1.5"(1σ);惯导2的标定精度不受惯导1绝对误差的影响,在运动状态下也能进行自主标定。

双轴旋转激光惯导非正交误差优化标定方法

旋转激光惯导系统无法直接解算得到载体的姿态信息。精确标定惯性测量单元与转位机构间的非正交误差是获得高精度载体姿态信息的前提。针对双轴旋转激光惯导系统转位机构的非正交误差标定问题,提出了一种非正交误差优化标定方法。首先,建立惯性测量单元、转位机构、内框架、外框架间的空间位置关系模型。然后,构建包含非正交误差的载体姿态传递模型。进一步将标定问题转换为优化问题,以载体姿态误差作为适应度值构建适应度函数。利用粒子群优化寻优适应度函数,实现非正交误差标定。利用双轴旋转激光惯导系统验证了所提方法的有效性,相对于传统标定方法,载体俯仰角误差下降89.29%,横滚角误差下降73%,航向角误差下降81.39%。

一种双轴旋转惯性导航系统的重要参数快速自标定方法

为了提高双轴旋转惯导重要参数标定的快速性和精度,提出一种快速自标定方法。通过设置不同的标定路径可以在10 min内完成陀螺和加速度计的零偏以及标度因数误差的标定。该方法利用基于姿态误差观测的卡尔曼滤波完成陀螺零偏的估计。通过六位置翻滚并以速度误差作为观测量进行卡尔曼滤波,完成加速度计的零偏及标度因数误差的标定。使天向陀螺绕方位轴旋转4周,使水平陀螺绕水平轴转动4周,通过计算旋转前后的姿态误差完成陀螺标度因数误差的估计。仿真和试验结果表明,该方法可以实现双轴旋转惯导重要参数10 min内完成自标定,且具有较高的精度。

协方差分析法在调制型惯导系统设计中的应用

对惯导系统进行误差分析是惯导研究的重要工作之一,通过误差分析可以获得系统中每个误差项对总误差的贡献。在旋转调制惯导系统中该项工作尤为重要,需要通过误差分析评判旋转策略对各项误差源的抑制效果。根据系统误差模型建立了误差的状态空间模型,并通过递推和分解将导航总误差分为各种不同误差因素的线性组合。利用推导出的协方差更新方程可以较为快捷准确地获得包含初始误差及器件误差各项误差对总误差的贡献。通过对捷联、单轴以及双轴调制系统的仿真分析验证了所推导分析方法计算出的误差传播规律与已知结论相符,并通过不同的调制策略仿真展示了这种分析方法在评估旋转策略时的快捷性和直观性。