Computational Stability of the Explicit Difference Schemes of the Forced Dissipative Nonlinear Evolution Equations

The computational stability of the explicit difference schemes of the forced dissipative nonlinear evolution equations is analyzed and the computational quasi-stability criterion of explicit difference schemes of the forced dissipative nonlinear atmospheric equations is obtained on account of the concept of computational quasi-stability, Therefore, it provides the new train of thought and theoretical basis for designing computational stable difference scheme of the forced dissipative nonlinear atmospheric equations. Key words Computational quasi-stability - Computational stability - Forced dissipative nonlinear evolution equation - Explicit difference scheme This work was supported by the National Outstanding Youth Scientist Foundation of China (Grant No. 49825109), the Key Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX1-10-07), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos, 49905007 and 49975020) and the Outstanding State Key Laboratory Project (Grant No. 40023001).

Construction of Explicit Quasi-complete Square Conservative Difference Schemes of Forced Dissipative Nonlinear Evolution Equations

Based on the forced dissipetive nonlinear evolution equations for describing the motion of atmosphere and ocean, the computational stability of the explicit difference schemes of the forced dissipotive nonlinear atmospheric and oceanic equations is analyzed and the computationally stable explicit complete square conservative difference schemes are constructed. The theoretical analysis and numerical experiment prove that the explicit complete square conservative difference schemes are computationally stable and deserve to be disseminated.

Effects of Second-Order Sum-and Difference-Frequency Wave Forces on the Motion Response of a Tension-Leg Platform Considering the Set-down Motion

This paper presents a study on the motion response of a tension-leg platform(TLP) under first-and second-order wave forces, including the mean-drift force, difference and sum-frequency forces. The second-order wave force is calculated using the full-field quadratic transfer function(QTF). The coupled effect of the horizontal motions, such as surge, sway and yaw motions, and the set-down motion are taken into consideration by the nonlinear restoring matrix. The time-domain analysis with 50-yr random sea state is performed. A comparison of the results of different case studies is made to assess the influence of second-order wave force on the motions of the platform. The analysis shows that the second-order wave force has a major impact on motions of the TLP. The second-order difference-frequency wave force has an obvious influence on the low-frequency motions of surge and sway, and also will induce a large set-down motion which is an important part of heave motion. Besides, the second-order sum-frequency force will induce a set of high-frequency motions of roll and pitch. However, little influence of second-order wave force is found on the yaw motion.

Wave Force on Double Cylindrical Piles: a Comparison between Exact and Finite Difference Solutions

The wave force exerted on vertical piles of offshore structures is the main criterion in designing them.In structures with more than one large pile,the influence of piles on each other is one of the most important issues being concerned in past researches.An efficient method for determining the interaction of piles is introduced in present research.First the wave force is calculated by the exact method using the diffraction theory,then in the finite difference numerical method the force is calculated by adding the velocity potentials of each pile and integration of pressure on their surface.The results showed that the ratio of the wave force on each of the double piles to a single pile has a damped oscillation around unity in which the amplitude of oscillation decreases with the increase in the spacing parameter.Also different wave incident directions and diffraction parameters were used and the results showed that the numerical solution has acceptable accuracy when the diffraction parameter is larger than unity.

Parameters That Influence Buckling Forces of a Fully Embedded Pile Based on the Finite Difference Method

This paper work aims to present the effect of the soil stiffness （k）, boundary conditions of piles and embedded length of piles （L） on a buckling force of a fully embedded pile and subject to an axial compression force only, based on the finite difference method. Based on this method, MATLAB sottware is used to calculate the buckling forces of piles. Effect of the soil stiffness （k）, boundary conditions of piles and embedded length of piles （L） on a buckling force have been studied for reinforced concrete pile, whereas the modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction is adopted constantly with depth, increasing linearly with depth with zero value at the surface and increasing linearly with depth with nonzero value at the surface.

Internal Force Analysis Due to the Supporting Translation in Statically (Indeterminate) Structures for Different Elastic Modulus

For statically indeterminate structure, the internal force will be changed with the translation of the supports, because the internal force is related to the absolute value of the stiffness EI. When the tension is different with the compression modulus, EI is the function of internal force and is not constant any more that is different from classic mechanics. In the other words, it is a nonlinear problem to calculate the internal force. The expression for neutral axis of the statically indeterminate structure was derived in the paper. The iterative program for nonlinear internal force was compiled. One case study was presented to illustrate the difference between the results using the different modulus theory and the single modulus theory as in classical mechanics. Finally, some reasonable suggestions were made for the different modulus structures.

ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR BENDING BEAM SUBJECT TO LATERAL FORCE WITH DIFFERENT MODULUS

A bending beam,subjected to state of plane stress,was chosen to investigate.The determination of the neutral surface of the structure was made,and the calculating formulas of neutral axis,normal stress,shear stress and displacement were derived.It is concluded that, for the elastic bending beam with different tension-compression modulus in the condition of complex stress, the position of the neutral axis is not related with the shear stress, and the analytical solution can be derived by normal stress used as a criterion, improving the multiple cyclic method which determines the position of neutral point by the principal stress. Meanwhile, a comparison is made between the results of the analytical solution and those calculated from the classic mechanics theory, assuming the tension modulus is equal to the compression modulus, and those from the finite element method (FEM) numerical solution. The comparison shows that the analytical solution considers well the effects caused by the condition of different tension and compression modulus. Finally, a calculation correction of the structure with different modulus is proposed to optimize the structure.

Force CT大螺距冠状动脉血管造影成像质量的临床研究

目的研究Force CT大螺距冠状动脉血管造影(CTA)检查在心脏不同时期的成像质量。方法选取2018年3月~2019年3月在我院行Force CT大螺距CTA检查的72例疑似冠心病患者,根据检查过程中采集时相不同分为对照组和观察组各36例,对照组在心脏收缩期即R-R间期30%处进行图像采集,观察组在心脏舒张期即R-R间期60%处进行图像采集,比较两组剂量参数、客观图像质量、主观图像质量。结果观察组中OM^2段图像质量最好,RCA中段图像质量最差;对照组中LAD远段图像质量最好,RCA中段图像质量最差。观察组LCX近段、OM^1、OM^2、LCX中段图像质量均显著优于对照组(P<0.05);两组RCA、LM、LAD、LCX、AO的CT值、SNR值、CNR值比较均无明显差异(P>0.05);两组患者扫描长度、CTDlvol、DLP、ED比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论Force CT大螺距CTA检查在心脏舒张期采集冠状动脉LCX节段的图像质量优于收缩期,且有效辐射剂量低于1mSv。建议临床Force CT大螺距CTA检查于心脏舒张期采集图像。

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Wave Forces on APartially-Perforated Caisson Breakwater with A Rock-Filled Core

The total horizontal and vertical forces acting on a partially-perforated caisson breakwater and their phase difference are investigated in this study. The perforated breakwater sits on the rubble tilled foundation, and has a rock-filled core. An analytical solution is developed based on the eigenfunction expansion and matching method to solve the wave field around the breakwater. The finite element method is used for simulating the wave-induced tlow in the rabble-filled foundation. Experiments are also conducted to study the wave forces on the perforated caissons. Numerical predictions of the present model are compared with experimental resuhs. The phase differences between the total horizontal and vertical forces are particularly analyzed by means of experimental and numerical results. The major factors that affect the wave forces are examined.

Numerical Solution of Membrane Forces for A Free-Free Floating Plate with Large Deflection

Considering that the thickness of a pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) is very small in comparison with the length and width, VLFS can be modeled as a thin plate. In theory, the displacements and the membrane forces of a plate with large deflection are all the functions of the second-order differentials of the Ariy stress function. With these characteristics considered, the Ariy stress function of a floating free-free plate is calculated by setting the virtual values of three of the corner points. The finite difference method is chosen to solve the problem. When the Ariy stress function of the plate is obtained, the membrane forces can easily be calculated. Comparisons between the forces induced by the membrane forces and by the fluid are considered. It is shown that the membrane forces can not be neglected in many cases.

Asymmetric Electrostatic Force

Asymmetric electrostatic forces are a very interesting and new phenomenon. The magnitude of an electrostatic force that acts on a point charge does not change when the direction of the electric field is reversed. On the contrary, the magnitude of the electrostatic force that acts on a charged asymmetric shaped conductor does change when the direction of the electric field is reversed. 5 years ago, this phenomenon was reported by a simple experiment and a simulation and named as an Asymmetric electrostatic force unofficially by the author. After that, several simulations confirmed this phenomenon. However, several experiments did not yet confirm it clearly. The difference between the simulations and the experiments depends upon differences of their conditions. The simulations had been done under ideal (perfect) conditions;the experiments, on the contrary, had been done under actual (not perfect) conditions. In the new experiment, its conditions were improved to near ideal (perfect) conditions. As a result the existence of the Asymmetric electrostatic force was more clearly confirmed.

Multi-scales Analysis of Driving Forces on Land Use/Cover Change in China:Taking Farmland Returning to Forest or Grassland as a Case

Increasing populations are causing an increase in food demands, and the area of cultivated land expands every year. Inappropriate land transition from ecology to production results in the constant decline of the ecological security level and influences the regional sustainable development. Adjusting unreasonable land use mode and reconstructing natural land cover are important ways to maintain and improve the ecological environment. Also reclaiming farmland as areas for forests and grasslands (FRFG) is another way. Successful implementation of FRFG in China is the result of comprehensive effect of the multi-scales driving forces. This paper analyses the driving forces of FRFG in China on a national (country) –regional (province) – local (county) – household (farmer) level scale, and the results are: driving forces at the national scale include ecological and food security and the western development of China; at the regional scale, ecological and economic benefits become the main factors to influence the dimension of FRFG under the same policy. The driving forces can be divided into 6 types: industrial structure adjustment, water source protection, flood prevention, the Three-Gorge Project protection, reduction of the amount of sediment flowing into the Yellow River and wind erosion desertification prevention. The driving forces at the local scale can be divided into 12 types with developing leading industries, increasing farmers’ income and improving agricultural production conditions as the main types; at the household scale, the nationalpolicy meeting farmers’ demands and the optimization of individual interests are all driving forces.

Prediction of Better Flow Control Parameters in MHD Flows Using a High Accuracy Finite Difference Scheme

We have successfully attempted to solve the equations of full-MHD model within the framework of &Psi;- &omega;formulation with an objective to evaluate the performance of a new higher order scheme to predict better values of control parameters of the flow. In particular for MHD flows, magnetic field and electrical conductivity are the control parameters. In this work, the results from our efficient high order accurate scheme are compared with the results of second order method and significant discrepancies are noted in separation length, drag coefficient and mean Nusselt number. The governing Navier-Stokes equation is fully nonlinear due to its coupling with Maxwell’s equations. The momentum equation has several highly nonlinear body-force terms due to full-MHD model in cylindrical polar system. Our high accuracy results predict that a relatively lower magnetic field is sufficient to achieve full suppression of boundary layer and this is a favorable result for practical applications. The present computational scheme predicts that a drag-coefficient minimum can be achieved when &beta;=0.4 which is much lower when compared to the value &beta;=1 as given by second order method. For a special value of &beta;=0.65, it is found that the heat transfer rate is independent of electrical conductivity of the fluid. From the numerical values of physical quantities, we establish that the order of accuracy of the computed numerical results is fourth order accurate by using the method of divided differences.

Influence of thermal insulation layer schemes on the frost heaving force in tunnels

In extreme cold regions,a thermal insulation layer(TIL)is commonly employed to mitigate the detrimental effects of frost heaving forces in tunnels.Optimizing the laying scheme of TIL,specifically minimizing frost heaving forces,holds considerable importance in the prevention of frost damage.This research developed a two-dimensional unsteady temperature field of circular tunnels by using the difference method(taking the off-wall laying method as an example)based on the law of conservation of energy.Then,the frozen circle and water migration coefficient were introduced to establish the relationship between the temperature field and frost heaving forces,and a reliable methodology for calculating these forces under the specific conditions of TIL installation was developed.Then(i)the influence of the air layer thickness of the off-wall laying method,(ii)different laying methods of TIL,(iii)the TIL thickness,(iv)the thermal conductivity of the TIL,and(v)the freeze-thaw cycles on the frost heaving force were investigated.The results showed that the frost heaving force served as a reliable and effective metric for evaluating the insulation effect in tunnels.In order to avoid frost damage in compliance with the design requirements,the insulation effects from various laying methods were established,in descending efficacy order as follows:off-wall laying,double layer laying,surface laying,and sandwich laying.Our findings revealed that the optimal thickness for the air layer in the offwall laying method was 0.10 m.The insulation effect of materials with a thermal conductivity below 0.047 W/(m·℃)was furthermore found to be good.Under freeze-thaw cycle conditions,it is concluded that to prevent frost damage,the TIL thickness should be the sum of the thickness r1 of the first freeze-thaw cycle without frost heaving forces and an additional reserve value 0.06r1 of the TIL thickness.

中欧班列的创新提升效应及区域异质性研究

中欧班列如同“跨境钢铁驼队”,复兴了丝绸之路沿线国家和地区的经贸往来,提高了中国的对外开放水平和创新水平,促进了新质生产力发展。本文采用2001~2020年全国279个城市的面板数据,借助中欧班列开通的准自然实验,基于多期双重差分等方法实证分析了中欧班列对区域创新的影响。研究表明:(1)中欧班列显著提升了班列开行城市的技术创新水平,包括工具变量回归、排除政策干扰在内的系列稳健性检验都支持前述结论,并通过了平行趋势检验和安慰剂检验;(2)中欧班列的创新效应具有区域异质性,良好的经济、产业、开放、人力等区域发展基础都有利于增强班列的创新促进效应,适宜的政府与市场关系、开放政策等体制环境也有助于更好释放班列的创新效应,但地方政府过度偏重数量型增长等经济目标导向也将制约班列对区域创新的促进作用。基于本文的研究结论,国家层面应进一步推动中欧班列发展,并引导不同区域结合自身“生产力-生产关系”特点,因地制宜促进班列创新提升效应更充分释放,为新质生产力发展赋能。

EXTERNAL BODY FORCEIN FINITE DIFFERENCE LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD

A new finite difference lattice Boltzmann scheme is developed. Because of analyzing the influence of external body force roundly, the correct Navier-Stokes equations with the external body force are recovered, without any additional unphysical terms. And some numerical results are presented. The result which close agreement with analytical data shows the good performance of the model.

Collision efficiency of two nanoparticles with different diameters in Brownian coagulation

The collision efficiency of two nanoparticles with different diameters in the Brownian coagulation is investigated. The collision equations are solved to obtain the collision efficiency for the dioctyl phthalate nanoparticle with the diameter changing from 100 nm to 750 nm in the presence of the van der Waals force and the elastic deformation force. It is found that the collision efficiency decreases as a whole with the increase of both the particle diameter and the radius ratio of two particles. There exists an abrupt increase in the collision efficiency when the particle diameter is equal to 550 nm. Finally, a new expression is presented for the collision efficiency of two nanoparticles with different diameters.

AC current automatic calibration using two different TCC designs

AC currents are automatically calibrated by two different thermal current converter(TCC)designs.The two designs are different in the used number of the thermal-elements(TEs).Consequently they differ in their output electro motive force(EMF).Studying the effect of changing the output EMF is done in this paper through calibrating AC currents.5 mA and 5 A are accurately calibrated at different frequencies 55 Hz,1 kHz and10 kHz by the two TCCs.A comparison is made between the results to evaluate the effect of the output EMF value on the accuracy and the uncertainty of the low and higher AC current calibration.A LabVIEW program is designed for this accurate automatic calibration to overcome the problems of the manual calibration on the thermal converters.

中国新质生产力的发展水平和演进趋势

新质生产力的测算是研究新质生产力发展水平的基础,但当前关于新质生产力的评价指标体系和测度方法尚处于探索阶段。鉴于新质生产力是质和量的统一、能力和效率的统一、现实性和可比性的统一,依据生产力理论,结合高质量发展的现实要求,以及新质生产力在科技创新、要素提升、生产组织等方面的特征,系统分析新质生产力的本质要求、构成要素、实现途径、培育载体和支撑环境,在此基础上构建包括技术、要素、数字、产业和环境五维度的指标体系,对中国30个省份2022—2022年的新质生产力发展水平进行测度,并分析其发展格局和演进趋势。结果表明:30个省份新质生产力发展水平增长较快,但区域差异、经济带差异、城市差异明显;要素生产力保持较高水平,数字生产力和创新生产力加快发展,绿色生产力和产业生产力成为发展的短板。其中,从区域格局来看,东部高于30个省份的平均水平,中西部和东北地区低于30个省份的平均水平;从经济格局来看,长江经济带最高,其次是泛珠三角,而丝绸之路经济带低于30个省份的平均水平;从城市格局来看,三大城市群从高到低依次为珠三角、长三角、京津冀,并且均高于30个省份的平均水平。

农作物秸秆禁烧政策执行阻滞及其破解:一个力场分析框架

基于W市X镇的实践个案,从“力场”理论视角出发,构建一个“压力-阻力-动力-引力”PRMA力场分析框架,以解析农作物秸秆禁烧政策执行阻滞问题。结果表明:力场视角对基层政策执行更具解释力;上级政府部门压力、农户阻力与执行机构动力、政策环境引力之间形成“力差”,是政策执行陷入阻滞的原因,且影响镇村干部的执行策略选择;破解农作物秸秆禁烧政策执行阻滞,应从减压力、降阻力、增动力、扩引力等4个方面改变原有的“阻碍力>推动力”的“力差”格局,形成力场内“推动力>阻碍力”的常态化格局。据此,建议地方政府构建常态化治理机制,同时通过增进地方政策目标的科学化与完善考核机制以减轻压力、完善配套政策以扩大引力、多元利益激励以降低目标群体阻力、扩权赋能和建立激励机制以增强执行动力。