Influence of the Partial Substitution of Bitumen by a Mixture of Sulphur and Tyre and Plastic Bottle Powders on the Behaviour of Bituminous Concrete

This article deals with the influence of the partial substitution of bitumen by a mixture of sulphur and tyre and plastic bottle powders on the characterization of asphalt concrete. The approach adopted was to subject a control asphalt concrete to level 2 formulation tests as well as those modified at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by substituting bitumen with a mixture of tyre powder, plastic bottle powder and sulphur at 40%, 28% and 32% respectively. The results of the PCG, Duriez and rutting tests carried out on the control and modified bituminous concretes (manufactured using the wet process) revealed three (03) major findings, in particular with regard to workability, resistance to simple compression and rutting. The experimental results show an increasing trend in the essential parameters. At 40% substitution, there was a 22.73% increase in compactness, reflecting a significant improvement in the material’s workability. With regard to simple compressive strength, the increase is 34.02% at 40% substitution, highlighting the limitation of crack formation and propagation under heavy precipitation. With regard to rutting, the 16% drop in susceptibility at 40% substitution reflects a significant improvement in the behaviour of the material under dynamic mechanical stresses in heavy precipitation. The improvement in these behaviours results from the insertion of the plastic bottle powder into the interstices of the granular skeleton, thus reducing its cellular structure, and also from the interactions between the sulphur with the tyre powder and the sulphur with the plastic bottle powder, i.e. cross-linking or vulcanisation.

Optimization of the Bitumen Content of a Basaltic Semi-Granular Bituminous Concrete

Various studies have been conducted in the past by researchers who have proposed diverse solutions to control the premature degradation noted on flexible pavements. It turns out that the binder content remains a parameter so far not mastered and its optimization remains an imperative to produce a quality mix capable of meeting the technical and economic requirements sought in a formulation study. This article mainly aimed to optimize the hydrocarbon binder content of a 0/14 granular class semi-granular bituminous concrete using the Marshall and Duriez method. In the first part of the study, the different constituents were characterized according to the standards in force. The second allowed to describe the methodology used to determine the mixture and calculated the theoretical binder content. A theoretical mixture, entering the reference zone was defined at first. Following the characterization of the mixture in the laboratory, the granulometry curve of the mixture was inserted into the reference zone. This mixture was then preserved for the rest of the study. Then, it was theoretically determined bitumen contents ranging from 5.13% to 5.75% for wealth modules ranging from 3.3% to 3.7%. Thus, the Marshall method was used to characterize the performance of the mixture as a function of the binder content. The results obtained led to the selection of two grades of binders 5.13% and 5.28% for the study of water resistance using the Duriez method. On the basis of the results obtained on the Duriez test, the mixture with a binder content of 5.28% satisfies a good part of the criteria selected. This content corresponds to a wealth module of 3.4%.

Performance Evaluation of Asphalt Concrete Based on Basalt Aggregates of Diack and Quartzite of Bakel

In Senegal, basalt aggregates are the aggregates used for the production of asphalt. They are also in some condition in base layer. However, the only licensed and operated basalt quarry in the west-central part of the country is finished and has reached very important depths thus constituting an environmental threat. This is how quartzite present in the east of the country precisely in the department of Bakel would constitute an alternative to basalt. For this purpose, the performance of two bituminous concretes based on quartzite and basalt was compared. One is made from Diack basalt aggregates, considered as the reference aggregate for asphalt in Senegal and the other is based on Bakel quartzite aggregates, they are both class 0/14. The mechanical performance of two bituminous concretes is evaluated using the Marshall method. The results obtained from the marshall tests give compactness values between 94% and 97% representing the limits laid down in the technical specifications, the creep values for quartzite-based asphalt concrete, while respecting the limit values, are higher than those obtained with basalt aggregates. Thus showing that the former is less resistant to deformation than the former. For both bituminous mixtures, the stability values remain above the minimum value of 1000 kgf set by the specifications. The water resistance test carried out on the two bituminous concretes based on basalt aggregate and quartzite aggregate gives values of immersion/compression ratio (R’c/Rc) equal to 0.72 and 0.82 respectively. These values are above the minimum required value (0.70) in the technical specifications in Senegal.

Perspective of E-Waste in Concrete: A Review

In this digital era,usage of electric and electronic devices has become the need of people.Evolution of technology triggers the adoption of new devices over old and discarded appliances turned into the electronic wastes also termed as e-waste/s.E-waste from any source has become a major concern to the society.The disposal of these wastes into the landfills causes many hazardous impacts to the ecosystem.As a promising solution construction industry can utilize the e-wastes effectively.The wastes may be used either as fine filler or aggregates in concrete and bituminous based constructions efficiently.Usage of waste/s conserves the natural resources also.Present study magnifies the scenario of application of electronic wastes in different forms i.e.,plastic,metal etc.in bituminous and concrete based mixtures.A critical review has been carried the effects of electronic wastes in concrete and bituminous mixes and findings confirm the praxis of electronic wastes is possible within certain limits.

无核密度测试技术在SMA-10磨耗层碾压质量控制中的应用

SMA-10路面拥有良好的骨架嵌挤结构和足够的胶浆填充,具有优良的抗车辙、抗水损害、耐久性能,越来越多地应用于高速公路磨耗层和养护罩面层的铺筑。但在碾压环节容易出现过度碾压导致表面碎石被压碎,油膜脱落,不仅影响抗滑性能,甚至容易造成外界水分侵入导致路面水损害。为提高SMA-10沥青混合料的施工质量,以广东省粤西地区茂湛高速项目为依托,采用无核密度仪对碾压工艺开展试验研究。结果表明:影响SMA-10混合料压实度的主要因素包含压实组合、压实遍数和碾实温度,正常施工条件下碾压6遍(静压2.5遍+振动碾压3.5遍)即可达到规范要求的压实度,温度在下限状态下需适当增加振动碾压遍数;随着碾压遍数增加,压实度呈现先递增后平缓的规律,路表碎石棱角破损突出。建议对SMA-10路面施工,全面做好各阶段的温保措施,针对不同项目的SMA-10混合料的设计情况,采用无核密度仪获得压实曲线,作为SMA-10混合料精准碾压的控制手段。

基于修正邓肯-张模型的沥青混凝土坝体应力变形分析

邓肯-张模型在平面应变状态和轴对称状态下的计算结果存在差异。为科学合理地评估沥青混凝土坝体在施工过程中的应力与变形规律,依据平面应变状态和轴对称状态下内摩擦角的参数转换关系,通过将轴对称状态的参数值修正为平面应力状态的参数值对邓肯-张模型进行修正,用修正后的模型进行分析。以沥青混凝土心墙坝为例,分析坝体心墙、过渡层和堆石区应力与变形在两种状态下的差异。结果表明,心墙大主应力沿高度方向分布呈底部剧降、中部缓降和顶部增大,靠近上下游侧的大小主应力分布特征相似,差异不显著;中心轴的主应力分布显著小于两侧,内部存在应力梯度,但未产生显著性的水平位移。在坝体中下部,平面应变的大主应力大于轴对称,前者的水平位移小于后者。在心墙坝填筑竣工后,心墙和过渡层大、小主应力变化较为剧烈,平面应变状态下计算出的主应力大于轴对称状态下计算出的主应力,在上下游堆石区内主应力变化较为平滑。

土工格室加筋沥青混凝土单轴压缩过程细观特性研究

为探究压缩过程中土工格室加筋对沥青混凝土细观特性的影响,文中进行土工格室加筋与未加筋沥青混凝土的室内单轴压缩试验,得到室温(20℃)下应力-应变关系曲线。考虑粗骨料和土工格室的形态特征与沥青砂的黏弹特性,利用PFC3D软件构建加筋与未加筋沥青混凝土的细观数值模型,并通过室内试验中的应力-应变关系曲线标定模型参数,最后进行虚拟单轴压缩试验以评价土工格室加筋对沥青混合料压缩过程的影响。结果表明,压缩过程中土工格室加筋对粗骨料间接触力的影响并不显著,却会使沥青砂浆间的接触压力与接触拉力在低区间的分布降低,在高区间的分布上升,约束沥青混凝土的侧向位移。

Influence of soft rock-fill material as dam embankment with central bituminous concrete membrane

This paper demonstrates the difficulties in determining the relevant material parameters for a valuation of the deformation behavior of the up-and downstream dam shell by means of an embankment dam of medium height.Laboratory as well as field tests on solid rock-fill material were performed before the beginning of construction.During the construction the properties of the available rock-fill changed from solid to soft materials.This gave rise to the necessity of adjusting the dam design of the downstream dam shoulder.Several times higher dam settlements as well as significant differential settlements between the up-and downstream dam shell were observed during construction and operation.Apart from this situation,the dam has been operated for nearly 20 years and the behavior of the water barrier has been very good.

Experimental Study of the Evolution of Temperatures in Pavement Structures and Influence of Traffic on the RN1 in Burkina Faso in a Hot and Dry Climate

Asphalt concrete pavements in hot and dry climates deteriorate prematurely some time after their construction. This degradation is accelerated under the effect of heavy vehicle traffic pressure and high temperatures after the bitumen has softened. A study was conducted on the RN1 in Burkina Faso in order to analyze the evolution of temperature and traffic in the process of degradation of asphalt concrete pavements. It consisted on the one hand in recording the temperatures at different points inside the layers of asphalt concrete pavements and the layer of laterite. These results were compared with the values of the softening temperatures of the bitumen obtained in the laboratory. On the other hand, this study is supplemented by the daily counting of heavy goods vehicles passing through the RN1 during the month of April in order to study the influence of the evolution of heavy goods vehicle traffic on the degradation of pavements in hot and dry climatic conditions. The results obtained for temperatures and the frequency of heavy goods vehicle traffic favor pavement deterioration under certain conditions.

钢混凝土组合箱梁沥青摊铺温度场试验

为了解决沥青摊铺高温对桥梁结构影响的问题,结合在建中的跨线桥梁,在典型断面竖向钢筋混凝土桥面板及钢箱腹板内埋设了相关的温度传感器,在实桥沥青摊铺过程中对各断面的测点温度进行了全程的动态测量,收集了摊铺沥青混凝土引起的钢-混凝土组合箱梁内温度分布及其变化情况,得出桥面板内的温度梯度在距梁顶一定范围内呈双线性分布,拟合沿箱梁高度方向的温差曲线.并且对解决箱梁竖向的较大温差造成的不利影响提出了相关建议.

Superpave沥青混合料路用性能

通过试验研究,系统分析了Superpave和SMA沥青混合料的路用性能,包括马歇尔稳定度、水稳定性、低温抗裂性、高温稳定度、疲劳耐久性和抗滑性能,并与密级配沥青混凝土进行了对比分析。结果表明,Superpave和SMA沥青混合料具有较好的路用性能,可以改善沥青路面使用品质,延长使用寿命,具有较好的经济和社会效益,是一种性能优良的沥青路面类型。

高速铁路土路基上无碴轨道的应用

主要介绍国外高速铁路和提速线路土路基上有代表性的无碴轨道结构类型。

设防水层的混凝土桥桥面铺装结构剪应力计算与分析

应用有限元法 ,对设防水层的水泥混凝土桥桥面沥青铺装结构进行剪应力计算 ,分析了防水层的厚度、模量、泊松比、沥青混凝土铺装层厚度和模量等参数对结构层剪应力的影响 ,认为层间最大剪应力主要取决于面层厚度和防水层模量 ,相同的防水层模量通过增加面层厚度是降低层间剪应力的最有效手段。在计算与分析的基础上 。

Superpave技术现状及对我国沥青路面技术的启示

高性能沥青路面技术 ( Superpave)是美国公路战略研究计划 ( SH RP)的沥青课题研究成果。文章介绍了 Superpave技术的现状 ,着重从胶结料和集料规范、混合料体积设计、混合料施工及性能预测等方面分析了这一成果与传统规范的不同 。

旧水泥混凝土路面上沥青薄层罩面力学响应分析

为了研究旧水泥混凝土路面上沥青薄层罩面的力学行为,运用BISAR程序对荷载作用下旧水泥混凝土路面上沥青薄层罩层层内及层间力学的响应规律做了分析,通过定义最不利值探讨了材料和荷载参数变化对罩面层结构应力的影响。结果显示:超载对罩面层的影响比罩面层厚度和模量的增加对罩面层的影响要大;当荷载、罩面层模量、罩面层厚度同时增加50%时,罩面层模量对减小εmax、γmax最有利,增大模量可以减小剪切变形,增强路面的抗滑移能力;从减小最大剪应力γmax的效果来看,增大罩面层模量比增加罩面层厚度更合理。

沥青混凝土装车烟气的除尘净化和余热回收

针对沥青混凝土装车时冲击车厢产生的大量烟尘和有毒气体治理的这一难题 ,设计了一套环保装置。该装置及其工艺过程包括集气罩、喷射器、燃烧室、废气余热回收 4个部分 ,先后将沥青混凝土装车时冲击产生的大量烟尘全部密封在车厢里 ,并利用引风机喷射造成的负压将烟尘抽出并引射到高温燃烧室中 ,使沥青烟气和空气中的氧气发生裂解、燃烧高温反应 ,保证烟气中的烷烃类化合物以及微粒碳粉完全转化为氧化物 ;从燃烧室出来的废气温度高达70 0～ 80 0℃ ,通过热风管道引入到干燥筒 ,在沙石干燥过程中回收废气中的余热 ,并利用原有除尘装置实现了环保达标、投资回报效益高的双重目标。

沥青混凝土搅拌设备计算机控制系统

以沥青混凝土搅拌设备计算机控制系统为对象,分析了沥青混凝土搅拌设备的工艺流程及计算机控制系统的功能,建立了控制系统组成框图。研究了其硬件系统设计中的几个问题,如采用变频器对供料调节系统进行变频调速后,控制系统如何消除交流电源的干扰问题,并给出了具体的解决方法。应用结果表明,其配料计量精度达到粒料计量精度±0.5%、沥青计量精度±0.3%、粉料计量精度±0.5%。

混凝土桥沥青铺装层力学计算分析

桥面铺装是桥面行车体系重要组成部分,由于桥面铺装的受力模式不同于一般的沥青路面,沿用原力学计算方法不能较准确地揭示桥面铺装的真实受力状态。文章将桥面系和沥青混凝土铺装层作为统一的力学计算体系,研究了桥面铺装体系的力学特性和分布变化规律,为桥面铺装层体系设计和选材提供理论依据,达到改善铺装层受力和延长铺装层使用寿命的目的。