Evaluation of Cold Dew Wind Monitoring Precision for Late Rice Based on CLDAS Data in Guangxi

The low temperature process of cold dew wind( from September 19 to 27 in 2011) for late rice production was dynamically monitored by using CLDAS temperature,combined with the background information of rice cultivation from multi-source satellite database together with an reference to the monitoring indexes of cold dew wind disaster to verify the precision of CLDAS data,so as to provide a reference for monitoring chilling damage caused by cold dew wind in late rice production in Guangxi. The results showed that the cold wind dew caused heavy damage to an area of 3 159. 76 km^2,moderate damage to an area of 559. 77 km^2 and light damage to an area of 2 452. 14 km^2. The correlation coefficients between CLDAS inversion temperature and actual temperature of 12 verification meteorological stations were all larger than 0. 93,and the difference in daily average temperature was 0. 3 ℃. The time difference between maximum and minimum temperature provided by CLDAS and corresponding actual temperature from 12 meteorological stations was less than 1 h. The temperature data provided by CLDAS was in accordance with actual temperature data. With an advantage of rapidly,minutely and accurately monitoring the grade distribution of local cold dew wind disaster for late rice,CLDAS can be used in monitoring cold dew wind in late rice production in Guangxi.

Suitable growing zone and yield potential for late-maturity type of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, China

Late-maturity type of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrids series （LMYS） have shown great yield potential, and are being widely planted in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, China. Knowledge about suitable growing zone and evaluation of yield advantage is of practicall importance for LMYS in this region. Fifteen LMYS, two high-yielding inbred japonica check varieties （CK-J） and two high-yielding hybrid indica check varieties （CK-I） were grown at Xinghua （119.57°E, 33.05°N） of Lixiahe region, Yangzhou （119.25°E, 32.30°N）of Yanjiang region, Changshu （120.46°E, 31.41°N）of Taihu Lake region, and Ningbo （121.31°E, 29.45°N） of Ningshao Plain in 2013 and 2014. The results showed that maturity dates of the 15 were later than the secure maturity date at Xinghua and 6, 14 and 15 LMYS were mature before the secure maturity date at Yangzhou, Changshu and Ningbo, respectively. One variety was identified as high-yielding variety among LMYS （HYYS） at Yangzhou, 8 HYYS in 201：3 and 9 HYYS in 2014 at Changshu, 9 HYYS at Ningbo. HYYS here referred to the variety among LMYS that was mature before the secure maturity date and had at least 8% higher grain yield than both CK-J and CK-I at each experimental site. Grain yield of HYYS at each experimental site was about 12.0 t ha-1 or higher, and was significantly higher than CK varieties. High yield of HYYS was mainly attributed to larger sink size due to more spikelets per panicle. Plant height of HYYS was about 140 cm, and was significantly higher than check varieties. Significant positive correlations were recorded between duration from heading to maturity stage and grain yield, and also between whole growth periods and grain yield. HYYS had obvious advantage over check varieties in biomass accumulation and leaf area duration from heading to maturity stage. Comprehensive consideration about safe matudty and yield performance of LMYS at each experimental site, Taihu Lake region （representative site Changshu） and Ningshao Plain （representative site Ningbo） were thought suitable growing zones for LMYS in the lower reaches of Yangtze River. The main factors underlying high yield ofHYYS were larger sink size, higher plant height, longer duration from heading to maturity stage and whole growth periods, and higher biomass accumulation and leaf area duration during grain filling stage.

Field Efficacy Trial and Optimum Control Period of Rice False Smut(Ustilaginoidea virens) in Single Cropping Middle-late Rice

[Objective]The paper was to study optimum chemical agents and control periods against rice false smut( Ustilaginoidea virens) in single cropping middle-late rice. [Method]Taking chemical agents( triadimefon,armure,Jinggangmycin) as main treatments and spraying periods( within 7 d before initial heading stage,within 7 d before initial heading stage + initial heading stage,initial heading stage) as assisted treatments,the field efficacy trial and optimum control period of U. virens in single cropping middle-late rice were studied using Huanghuazhan and Jinnongsimiao as experimental materials in 2013. [Result] Three chemical agents,triadimefon,armure,Jinggangmycin,extremely reduced diseased panicle rate and disease index of U. virens,but there was no significant difference among three chemical agents. Spraying period did not have significant impact on diseased panicle rate and disease index of U. virens,whereas spraying within7 d before initial heading stage and during initial heading stage had relatively good control effect. Yield increased significantly after application of three chemical agents,and armure led to greater increase. The reason for yield increase was that seed setting rate was significantly increased,and the number of filled grains per panicle was significantly increased. Although spraying period influenced yield,the difference was not significant. [Conclusion] Triadimefon,armure and Jinggangmycin had good control effects against U. virens in single cropping middle-late rice,of which armure had better control effects. Spraying chemical agents increased seed setting rate,and further increased the number of filled grains per panicle and yield. Spraying within 7 d before initial heading stage and during initial heading stage had relatively better control effect against U. virens.

Resistance Evaluation of Some Hybrid Rice, Conventional Early Indica and Late Japonica Rice to Magnaporthe grisea

Thirty isolates of Magnaporthe grisea collected from 18 provinces/cities representing 21 pathotypes and 9 different lineages were inoculated to rice varieties with known resistance genes and some hybrid rices, conventional early indica and late japonica varieties cultivated recently in China. Virulence spectrum of the 30 isolates was very different, showing that they recognize numerous different resistance genes. Varieties also revealed very different resistance patterns showing that they carry different resistance genes or combinations of resistance genes. On the basis of comparisons with international differential varieties with known resistance genes, resistance genes in certain Chinese varieties could be speculated. The results indicated that some of them were resistant to most of the isolates tested and that they could be of interest as resistance sources for hybrid parents or to be planted in the field directly.

EFFECTS OF SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT ON DRY NURSERY SEEDLING QUALITY OF LATE DOUBLE CROPPING RICE IN SOUTH CHINA

In the present paper, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil moisture content on dry nursery seedling quality in Guangzhou in 1995. Through comparing the difference of dry nursery seedlings and wet nursery seedlings, we found a close relationship between soil moisture content and seedling growth. The seedling emergence of dry nursery seedling was more even, tidy and faster, and the survival rate was higher than that of wet nursery seedling. Dry nursery seedlings had small plant stature, slow leaf stretching speed and low individual seedling dry weight, but had high dry/fresh weight ratio. This was abeneficial factor for seedlings to recover from transplanting shock more quickly. As com-pared with the wet nursery seedlings, dry nursery seedlings had poor rooting ability,but had more vigorous white roots and fewer rust roots. It was the possibly important reasonfor dry nursery seedlings to form strong“explosive force”.

EFFECTS OF SEEDING DENSITY AND BASIC MANURE ON THE GROWTH OF DRY NURSERY SEEDLINGS IN LATE DOUBLE CROPPING RICE IN SOUTH CHINA

During the period of dry nursery seedling raising of late double cropping indica rice in South China, both chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure did not show obvious effect on the growth of shoot and root in young seedlings at 4-leaf stage （18-day-old seedling）, but had significant effects on root growth in old seedlings with 6-7 leaves （27-day-old seedling） at suitable seeding densities (65-125g m-2). There were satistically significant differences （at 0.01 or 0.05 levels）between treatments in root number and rooting ability of root-pruned seedlings.

Comparative Test of New Late Indica Hybrid Rice Combinations with Good Quality

[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen rice varieties suitable for planting in Nanchang City with high quality,high yield,good yield,and strong disease and stress resistance.[Methods]Seven new late indica hybrid rice combinations with good quality bred in Jiangxi Province in recent years and seven new late indica hybrid rice combinations with good quality bred by Nanchang Academy of Agricultural Sciences were introduced,and compared with Tianyouhuazhan as a control.[Results]The rice quality and taste of the tested combinations were better than those of the control.Among the tested combinations,Yuliangyoufuxiangzhan,Xintaiyousizhan,Yuxiangliangyou No.8 and Guangheyou 33 had good stress resistance,high yield and good rice quality.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of new rice varieties in Nanchang City.

Effect of Nitrogen and Density Interaction on Yield Formation of Late Japonica Rice Under Different Transplanting Dates

[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the appropriate nitrogen fertilizer amount and transplanting density that should be selected for different transplanting dates.[Methods]The effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and transplanting density on the traits and yield of late japonica rice in the Jianghuai rice-wheat cropping area under different transplanting dates(transplanting at an appropriate time and delayed transplanting)were studied.[Results]The transplanting date significantly affected the heading,maturity and whole growth period of rice,and when the transplanting date of early-maturing late japonica rice was delayed by 15 d,the growth period was shortened by about 10 d.Nitrogen and density interaction obviously affected the dry matter accumulation and effective tillers of rice,and the dry matter production and effective tiller number of rice treated with B_(1)N_(2) were greater than other treatments.Under the timely transplanting date,the best nitrogen and density combination was 225-300 kg/hm^(2) and 250500 holes/hm^(2),and the nitrogen use efficiency was ideal.It suggests that under the condition of transplanting rice in a timely manner,applying nitrogen fertilizer at an appropriate rate while ensuring a reasonable population density is conducive to the coordination of the number of stems and tillers,the number of grains per panicle,etc.,thereby ensuring the best formation of yield factors in the middle and late stages of rice growth.[Conclusions]This study provides technical support and theoretical reference for reasonable nitrogen and density interaction of rice.

Yield and Quality Performance of Japonica Rice Varieties Grown in the Late Season in a Double Rice Cropping System of China

Meeting the demand for high-quality japonica rice is a major challenge facing China's grain security. In the present study, a two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the yield, quality, and profitability of japonica rice varieties(including hybrids and inbreds) grown in the late season as compared with local elite indica hybrids in a double rice cropping system of China where indicas are traditionally planted. Indica hybrids had significantly longer vegetative(from sowing to heading) and total(from sowing to maturity) growth durations than japonicas in both2011 and 2012, while reproductive growth duration(from heading to maturity) was longer for indica hybrids than for japonicas in 2011 but not in 2012. Indica hybrids produced higher grain yield than japonicas in 2011, but with no significant differences in 2012. Japonicas had higher brown rice, milled rice, and head rice percentages than indicas, but had lower gelatinization temperature and amylose content,while with no significant differences in gel consistency and protein content. Indica hybrids tended to have lower chalky grain percentage and chalkiness degree than japonicas, though the differences were not statistically significant due to large genotypic variations. The net returns were 16.1% and 9.9% greater for indica hybrids than for japonica hybrids and japonica inbreds in 2011, with only 3.8% and 1.3% in2012, respectively. Thus, our results suggest that replacing indicas with japonica varieties as late rice may not be feasible at the present site unless locally adapted japonica varieties are developed.

The impacts of timing and insecticides at early stage of late rice on the population development of brown plant hopper(BPH)

Field experiments were carried out in northern Zhejiang Province. Three insecticides (methamidophos,Shachongshuang and triazophos) were used to control the rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and rice striped stemborer Chilo suppressalis in rice fields during 18—27 days after transplantating. The impacts of timing and insecticides on the population development of brown planthopper Nilaparavata lugens was surveyed by direct counting on the plants or by tapping method.

Chemical Weeding in Dry Direct Seeding Fields of Single Cropping Middlelate Rice

Chemical weeding in dry direct seeding fields of single cropping middle-late rice was studied in Huida vegetable farm of Huizhou City in 2012. The main treatment was herbicide（ pretilachlor ＋ bensulfuron-methyl,Yangguo and butachlor）,and the sub-treatment was application method（ soil treatments,seedling treatment and integrated treatment）. The results showed that 80 g pretilachlor ＋ bensulfuron-methyl（ 36% pretilachlor ＋ 4% bensulfuron-methyl） diluted with 50 kg water could be sprayed or 200 g Yangguo（ 23. 9% butachlor ＋ 1. 1% bensulfuron-methyl） mixed with 15 kg sandy soil could be broadcasted per 667 m2 on the sowing day or the second day under moist condition of soil,which could effectively control weeds in dry direct seeding fields of single cropping middle-late rice.

华南地区早晚兼用型水稻产量和氮素吸收在早、晚季的差异特征

为明确华南双季稻区早晚兼用型水稻产量和氮素吸收在早、晚季的差异特征,以6个早晚兼用型水稻品种为试验材料,按当地高产栽培条件在早、晚季种植,测定其产量、产量构成、干物质积累和氮素吸收等。结果表明,早晚兼用型水稻在早、晚季种植时产量分别为6.68~7.91 t/hm^(2)和5.72~6.11 t/hm^(2);早季产量显著高于晚季,平均增幅为1.53 t/hm^(2)。相关分析表明,较高的早季产量与其有效穗数和粒重的提高有关。早、晚季干物质积累量和氮素吸收差异显著;相对于晚季,早季成熟期干物质积累量和氮素吸收平均提高25.0%和29.5%。另外,早、晚季产量与其干物质积累量和氮素吸收显著正相关。早晚兼用型水稻在早季种植时具有较高的产量、物质生产和氮素吸收能力。研究结果可为华南地区早晚兼用型水稻的丰产栽培提供理论依据。

早熟晚粳糯稻新品种扬粳糯5号的选育与应用

扬粳糯5号是江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所以高产糯稻品系镇稻622为母本、优质广适糯稻品种镇糯19号为父本进行杂交,结合稻瘟病抗性基因和米香基因的分子标记辅助选择培育成的优质高产抗病早熟晚粳糯稻新品种。扬粳糯5号全生育期153.9d,株高97.6cm,每亩有效穗21.6万,每穗总粒数120-140粒,结实率90%以上,千粒重27~28g。抗稻瘟病,中感白叶枯病,感纹枯病;稻米品质达农业行业《食用稻品种品质》一级标准。2021年通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定,同时通过安徽省和浙江省引种备案,适宜在江苏、安徽、浙江等省沿江及江南地区种植。

浙江省粳稻品种的演替研究综述

浙江省作为我国经济较为发达的地区,较早地开展了水稻新品种选育研究。浙江省种植的品种基本涵盖了各种水稻类型,其中粳稻是主要的种植类型,尤其是晚粳稻。虽然自杂交水稻出现后,常规水稻面积占比日益减小,但由于晚粳稻兼顾产量和品质,在生产上仍具有不可替代的地位。对晚粳稻产量影响最大的4个因素进行分析,发现可以通过增加穗粒数和有效穗数以及千粒重来提高产量。除了产量的提高之外,稻米品质也成为了晚粳稻育种的主要目标,因此,现在的育种工作已经将米质作为重要育种目标。本文主要通过对浙江省近20 a通过审定的晚粳稻品种进行生育期、产量、品质、抗病性等方面的分析,总结浙江省粳稻品种的性状变化,以期为浙江省的粳稻育种工作提供参考依据。

利用阻控技术的水稻镉、砷安全种植研究

为研究叶面施用有机硒、有机硅阻控剂对不同水稻品种富集重金属的影响,通过田间试验,在重金属污染严重地区开展筛选重金属低积累水稻品种和叶面阻控技术的研究,使水稻籽粒的重金属含量降低,从而达到粮食安全生产标准的要求。本研究选用6个广西当地主栽的晚稻品种,和市面上2种叶面阻控剂(一种硒类阻控剂,一种硅类阻控剂)作为研究对象,通过测定试验前后稻米样品中的重金属含量来开展对重金属污染土壤的安全利用技术研究。结果显示,6个水稻品种对重金属的吸附能力存在较大差异,其中,泰丰优208茎、叶的镉、砷含量均高于其他品种,泰丰优208稻米的镉含量最低,丝香1号稻米的砷含量最低。叶面施用硒类阻控剂、硅类阻控剂均可以有效降低稻米的镉含量,较CK分别下降了15.2%、17.1%;在叶面施用硒类阻控剂、硅类阻控剂也可以有效降低叶的镉含量及稻米的砷含量,叶的镉含量分别下降了12.7%、13.9%,稻米砷含量分别下降了15.9%、30.0%,同时硅类阻控剂还可以有效降低水稻叶砷含量。研究表明,施用硒类阻控剂、硅类阻控剂均可以减少砷、镉在稻米中的含量。

优质高产晚粳新品种稼粳86的选育与应用

稼粳86系安庆市稼元农业科技有限公司和安徽省农业科学院水稻所选育的双季晚粳新品种,具有适应性广、优质、高产的特征,2021年通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会审定,适宜在安徽省一季粳稻和双季晚粳稻区示范推广。介绍了稼粳86的亲本来源及选育过程,总结了其特征特性及栽培技术,以期为该品种的示范推广提供相应参考。

氮肥运筹对有序机抛晚稻产量及氮素利用率的影响

采用裂区设计,探究了不同氮肥运筹方式对有序机抛晚稻生长发育、产量和氮肥利用率的影响。主区为施氮量(N),设3个水平,分别为120 kg/hm^(2)(N1)、150 kg/hm^(2)(N2)和180 kg/hm^(2)(N3);副区为氮肥分配比例(基肥:分蘖肥:穗肥),设4个水平,分别为1∶1∶1(T1)、0∶1∶1(T2)、1∶0∶1(T3)和1∶1∶0(T4)。以农民习惯施肥为对照(CK,氮肥用量120 kg/hm^(2),基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥=5∶3∶2),另设一不施氮处理(N0)。结果表明,相同施氮量下,T2处理的水稻产量显著低于T1、T3和T4处理及CK,T4处理的产量高于T1处理和CK。表明施用基肥有助于提高有序机抛晚稻的产量。氮肥利用方面,T2处理的氮肥利用率显著低于其他处理;T4处理的氮肥农学利用率(NAE)显著高于T1和T3处理,但与CK差异不显著;T1、T3、T4处理和CK在氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)、氮素籽粒生产效率(NUEg)、氮肥生理利用率(NPE)和氮素收获指数(NHI)等方面差异较小。可见,前期氮肥施用对有序机抛晚稻生长发育、产量形成和氮素利用具有显著调控效应,而后期氮肥施用影响相对较小。

浙江省9个晚粳稻代表品种的农艺性状分析

分析浙江省历年审定的9个晚粳稻代表性品种的农艺性状及农艺性状和产量之间的关系,可以了解各农艺性状对产量的影响,以及探索浙江省晚粳稻品种审定的规律。研究选取9个历年审定晚粳稻品种中表现较好,具有代表性的品种,采用催芽后撒播移栽到大田的方式,测量株高、茎粗、分蘖、剑叶长、剑叶宽、叶绿素含量等农艺性状。剑叶宽和茎粗是各农艺性状中对产量影响最大的2个因素,2010—2019年的3个品种茎粗和剑叶宽为3个时间段中最大的,由此可以看出,茎粗和剑叶宽是农艺性状中对晚粳稻品种产量影响最大的,且浙江省育种研究者也一直在提升晚粳稻的茎粗和剑叶宽。

稻茬晚播油菜栽培技术研究进展

中国稻茬油菜种植区域主要在长江流域冬油菜区,近些年来稻茬油菜的单产不断提高,种植面积也稳中有升,为中国的油料安全做出了重要贡献。然而,随着长江流域冬油菜区水稻中晚熟品种轻简化栽培技术的推广应用,水稻成熟期大幅度推迟,导致油菜冬前生长时间进一步压缩,油菜晚播与过晚播面积逐年增大,严重制约了油菜的生产潜力。在长江流域稻油两熟区,油菜晚播现象尤为突出,已成为诸多学者广泛关注的热点问题。通过对油菜晚播现状以及相关高产限制因素的分析,致力于找出晚播油菜生产中的重要问题。通过对油菜晚播现状的分析,提高稻油轮作区油菜籽粒质量和产量。提倡运用先进的栽培技术减轻油菜晚播的影响,为促进未来油菜产业的蓬勃发展提供理论参考。

杂交晚籼稻新组合乐优97的选育及栽培制种技术

乐优97是由合肥丰乐种业股份有限公司利用自育的三系不育系409A与恢复系R977杂交选育而成的高产、优质、抗倒杂交晚籼稻新组合,于2022年通过了国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。本文详细介绍了乐优97的选育过程和特征特性,并总结了乐优97优质高产栽培技术及其制种技术关键要点,以期为该产品的大规模推广种植提供参考。