柴油机SCR载体SOF沉积量估算模型与参数辨识

针对柴油机选择性催化还原(Selective Catalytic Reduction,SCR)载体由于可溶性有机物(Soluble Organic Fraction,SOF)沉积导致SCR的NO_x转化效率低的问题,该研究首先建立了SOF沉积量估算模型,并进行SOF原始排放与SCR载体的SOF捕集效率试验研究;然后利用Matlab/Simulink软件工具建立SOF沉积量估算模型,包括SOF原始排放模块、SCR载体对SOF捕集模块、SOF热解模块;最后基于多目标遗传算法,进行SOF瞬态修正脉谱优化和热解参数辨识,并探索惩罚函数的应用规律,使得4组SOF低温沉积量平均估算误差为2.42%,12组高温热解平均估算误差为4.03%。该研究可为解决柴油机SCR载体由于SOF沉积导致NO_x转化效率低的问题提供技术参考。

Design and Optimization for the Occupant Restraint System of Vehicle Based on a Single Freedom Model

Throughout the vehicle crash event, the interactions between vehicle, occupant, restraint system (VOR) are complicated and highly non-linear. CAE and physical tests are the most widely used in vehicle passive safety development, but they can only be done with the detailed 3D model or physical samples. Often some design errors and imperfections are difficult to correct at that time, and a large amount of time will be needed. A restraint system concept design approach which based on single-degree-of-freedom occupant-vehicle model (SDOF) is proposed in this paper. The interactions between the restraint system parameters and the occupant responses in a crash are studied from the view of mechanics and energy. The discrete input and the iterative algorithm method are applied to the SDOF model to get the occupant responses quickly for arbitrary excitations (impact pulse) by MATLAB. By studying the relationships between the ridedown efficiency, the restraint stiffness, and the occupant response, the design principle of the restraint stiffness aiming to reduce occupant injury level during conceptual design is represented. Higher ridedown efficiency means more occupant energy absorbed by the vehicle, but the research result shows that higher ridedown efficiency does not mean lower occupant injury level. A proper restraint system design principle depends on two aspects. On one hand,the restraint system should lead to as high ridedown efficiency as possible, and at the same time, the restraint system should maximize use of the survival space to reduce the occupant deceleration level. As an example, an optimization of a passenger vehicle restraint system is designed by the concept design method above, and the final results are validated by MADYMO, which is the most widely used software in restraint system design, and the sled test. Consequently, a guideline and method for the occupant restraint system concept design is established in this paper.

Probability-based analytical model for predicting the post-earthquake residual deformation of SDOF systems

A probability-based analytical model for predicting the seismic residual deformation of bilinear single-degreeof-freedom(SDOF)systems with a kinematic/Takeda hysteretic model is proposed based on a statistical analysis of the nonlinear time history response,and the proposed model explicitly incorporates the influence of record-to-record variability.In addition,the influence of primary parameters such as the natural vibration period,relative yield force coefficient,stiffness ratio and peak ground acceleration(PGA)on the seismic residual/maximum deformation ratio(dR/dm)are investigated.The results show that significant dispersion of the dR/dm ratio is observed for SDOF systems under different seismic ground motion records,and the dispersion degree is influenced by the model parameters and record-to-record variability.The statistical distribution of the dR/dm results of SDOF systems can be described by a lognormal distribution.Finally,a case study for seismic residual deformation and reparability assessment of the bridge structure designed with a single pier is carried out to illustrate the detailed analytical procedure of the probability-based analytical model proposed in this study.

考虑应力扩散时桩端土性对单桩沉降影响分析方法

基于虚土桩模型,分析了层状地基中桩端土性对单桩沉降特性的影响。首先,以虚土桩扩散角反映桩端土层应力扩散效应,将桩端一定锥角范围内由桩端至基岩面的土体视为虚土桩,并根据其变截面特性,将虚土桩沿纵向划分为有限个微元段。然后,对桩及虚土桩桩侧土体采用理想弹塑性荷载传递模型,利用荷载传递法,推导了层状地基中以桩侧土塑性发展深度为变量的单桩荷载-沉降递推计算方法,并进一步得到了桩身轴力及桩侧摩阻力递推计算式。在此基础上,给出了荷载传递模型参数选取方法,并分析了虚土桩临界深度的影响因素及由实测荷载-沉降曲线反演虚土桩扩散角的可行性。最后,利用该方法分析了桩端沉渣和软弱下卧层对荷载-沉降曲线的影响。结果表明,考虑桩端土层应力扩散效应时,通过计算得到的桩顶及桩端荷载-沉降曲线与实测曲线吻合较好;当桩端存在沉渣或软弱下卧层时,采用虚土桩模型的单桩沉降计算方法可以在一定程度上反映沉渣特性及软弱下卧层埋深等因素对桩顶荷载-沉降曲线的影响。

益昌1220mm冷轧机组控制模型软件的开发

介绍了益昌 1 2 2 0mm冷连轧机组二级计算机过程控制模型软件的构成及功能 ;提出了过程控制软件的设计思想和步骤 ;同时介绍了二级计算机与一级和三级计算机的连接及其数据流程 ,可为现有冷连轧机组的改造提供参考。

直升机磁流变座椅悬架缓冲系统模糊控制器设计

针对直升机座椅悬架缓冲控制问题,文章建立了结合磁流变耗能器的单自由度磁流变座椅悬架缓冲系统动力学模型。为了保证耗能器在充分耗散冲击能量的同时避免传递到人体的冲击力峰值超出人体的伤害限,以“软着陆”为控制目标,以磁流变耗能器活塞运动速度及位移作为模糊控制器的输入、阻尼器阻尼力作为控制输出设计模糊控制器的结构和控制规则,实现输出力位移曲线的“平台效应”。最后分别在6~12 m/s冲击作用速度下,通过数值仿真验证了所设计的模糊控制器的有效性,即传递到人体的冲击载荷低于人体的伤害限的同时耗能器耗能最大。与现有的线性恒定总力控制器、恒定屈服控制策略进行缓冲效果对比,结果表明:模糊控制器在实现“平台效应”、“软着陆”控制目标的同时能有效避免二次反弹。

考虑多性能约束的车辆主动前轮转向静态输出反馈控制

为使车辆能精确地跟踪理想横摆角速度,从而提高车辆路径跟踪能力,提出考虑多性能约束的主动前轮转向静态输出反馈(SOF)控制方法.由于行驶中车辆轮胎的侧偏刚度是一强非线性参数,所以将侧偏刚度作为模型的不确定性参数.基于饱和线性轮胎模型,建立二自由度车辆动力学多胞型模型来对参数不确定性进行处理.针对该类不确定性系统,考虑具有区域极点配置约束与H_(∞)性能约束的鲁棒SOF控制器设计问题.给出了该类不确定系统的线性矩阵不等式(LMI)充分条件,并首次扩展运用一种坐标转换矩阵优化方法来迭代求解所得到的LMI条件,从而得到该类不确定性系统的鲁棒最优H_(∞)SOF控制器.MATLAB/Simulink和CarSim的联合仿真结果表明,所设计的SOF控制器可显著提高对期望横摆角速度的跟踪性能,改善车辆路径跟踪能力,且对模型参数的不确定性具有良好的鲁棒性.