LOCAL AND PARALLEL FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR THE MIXED NAVIER-STOKES/DARCY MODEL WITH BEAVERS-JOSEPH INTERFACE CONDITIONS

In this paper, we consider the mixed Navier-Stokes/Darcy model with BeaversJoseph interface conditions. Based on two-grid discretizations, a local and parallel finite element algorithm for this mixed model is proposed and analyzed. Optimal errors are obtained and numerical experiments are presented to show the efficiency and effectiveness of the local and parallel finite element algorithm.

Static Analysis Techniques for Fixing Software Defects in MPI-Based Parallel Programs

The Message Passing Interface (MPI) is a widely accepted standard for parallel computing on distributed memorysystems.However, MPI implementations can contain defects that impact the reliability and performance of parallelapplications. Detecting and correcting these defects is crucial, yet there is a lack of published models specificallydesigned for correctingMPI defects. To address this, we propose a model for detecting and correcting MPI defects(DC_MPI), which aims to detect and correct defects in various types of MPI communication, including blockingpoint-to-point (BPTP), nonblocking point-to-point (NBPTP), and collective communication (CC). The defectsaddressed by the DC_MPI model include illegal MPI calls, deadlocks (DL), race conditions (RC), and messagemismatches (MM). To assess the effectiveness of the DC_MPI model, we performed experiments on a datasetconsisting of 40 MPI codes. The results indicate that the model achieved a detection rate of 37 out of 40 codes,resulting in an overall detection accuracy of 92.5%. Additionally, the execution duration of the DC_MPI modelranged from 0.81 to 1.36 s. These findings show that the DC_MPI model is useful in detecting and correctingdefects in MPI implementations, thereby enhancing the reliability and performance of parallel applications. TheDC_MPImodel fills an important research gap and provides a valuable tool for improving the quality ofMPI-basedparallel computing systems.

An MPI parallel DEM-IMB-LBM framework for simulating fluid-solid interaction problems

The high-resolution DEM-IMB-LBM model can accurately describe pore-scale fluid-solid interactions,but its potential for use in geotechnical engineering analysis has not been fully unleashed due to its prohibitive computational costs.To overcome this limitation,a message passing interface(MPI)parallel DEM-IMB-LBM framework is proposed aimed at enhancing computation efficiency.This framework utilises a static domain decomposition scheme,with the entire computation domain being decomposed into multiple subdomains according to predefined processors.A detailed parallel strategy is employed for both contact detection and hydrodynamic force calculation.In particular,a particle ID re-numbering scheme is proposed to handle particle transitions across sub-domain interfaces.Two benchmarks are conducted to validate the accuracy and overall performance of the proposed framework.Subsequently,the framework is applied to simulate scenarios involving multi-particle sedimentation and submarine landslides.The numerical examples effectively demonstrate the robustness and applicability of the MPI parallel DEM-IMB-LBM framework.

基于粒子-人工蜂群算法的3RPUP_(c)-UPS并联机构运动学正解研究

针对3RPUP_(c)-UPS并联机构运动学正解求解困难的问题,对新型3RPUPc-UPS并联机构的运动学特性进行了研究,并构建出位置正解求解模型,进而提出了一种基于粒子-人工蜂群算法(P-ABC)的并联机构运动学求解方法。首先,根据机构的拓扑特性,计算得到了方位特征集、自由度和耦合度;然后,根据机构的几何特征,基于姿态变换矩阵和动平台投影方程,建立了机构的运动学逆解方程,并对比了MATLAB和SOLIDWORKDS的仿真结果,验证了逆解分析的正确性;最后,将运动学逆解方程转化为最小化求解问题,构建出了适合优化算法的运动学正解模型,并利用MATLAB的软件交互界面(GUI)功能,开发出用于计算并联机构运动学正解的软件,分别基于粒子群算法(PSO)、人工蜂群算法(ABC)和P-ABC算法,对该并联机构的运动学正解进行了计算。研究结果表明:P-ABC算法单次求解时间在0.5 s内,求解误差级别为10-20,相对于ABC算法,运行时间缩短了50.02%;而相对于POS算法,其求解精度提高了10个数量级。P-ABC算法能够用于求解该并联机构运动学正解,具有计算速度快、精度高的特点,可以为研究并联机构运动学正解提供新方法。

Chiplet技术发展与挑战

随着半导体工艺尺寸逐渐逼近物理极限,芯片的功耗、性能和面积随工艺制程进步而带来的提升越来越小,半导体技术进入“后摩尔时代”。为进一步满足机器学习与人工智能等信息通信行业快速发展带来的高带宽通信需求,基于先进的互连和封装技术的Chiplet技术步入了我们的视野。Chiplet技术将原来的复杂多功能SoC芯片拆成多个小面积、低成本、不同工艺节点的小芯片,再进行重新组装,因其良率高、成本低、集成度高、性能强大、灵活性好、上市时间快等优点受到学术界和产业界的高度关注。本文对Chiplet的技术特征、优势、发展历史以及具体应用进行了梳理和阐述,同时详细介绍了Chiplet的关键核心技术尤其是Chiplet D2D互连技术,最后叙述了Chiplet现存的技术问题与挑战,并给出了未来发展建议。

Chiplet技术:拓展芯片设计的新边界

芯粒(Chiplet)是一种将多个小型芯片集成为一个完整的系统芯片的技术,旨在实现芯片的重用、异构集成、性能提升和成本降低等目标。该技术的发展重点主要包括异构集成、新型互连和新型封装。其中,接口互连是Chiplet技术的关键。接口互连包括物理层接口和数据传输协议,接口和协议的设计需要考虑工艺技术、封装技术、功耗限制和上层应用程序的要求等,串行互连和并行互连是芯片到芯片实体层接口的两种选择。此外,对于不同的传播介质,应运而生出一些新型的互连技术,如光互连和无线互连,它们可以提供更高的带宽、更低的功耗和更灵活的互连拓扑。未来,Chiplet技术有望为电子领域带来重大的突破和发展,促使更加高效、灵活和富有创新性的芯片设计和制造。

辽宁新元古代各阶段升降界面的再认识

【研究目的】辽宁地区位于华北板块东北缘,传统观点认为华北板块自吕梁-四堡运动之后直至古生代末期,一直处于构造稳定期,没有受到明显的构造运动影响。近年来研究结果表明,辽宁地区新元古代时期构造运动相对较为频繁。前人根据大连地区1/25万区调(2001)确认的风化夷平面,将辽宁新元古代时期的构造运动统称为晋宁运动,并划分为四个次一级构造运动,分别为万福升降运动(相当芹峪升降运动)、驼山升降运动、茶叶沟升降运动和大连升降运动,其中驼山升降运动和茶叶沟升降运动的划分定义存在不准确性,其命名有待商榷,需进一步研究探讨。【研究方法】本文以辽宁地区的新元古代地层为研究对象,以区域地质调查资料为基础,结合同位素测年资料对辽宁省新元古代升降运动进行了重新划分与定义。【研究结果】通过区域对比研究划分出晋宁运动和大连运动两个旋回和七个次一级的升降运动,并将其对应于三次冰期、两次间冰期以及冰期前和冰期后。七个次一级的降运动分别命名为芹峪升降、殷屯升降、大孤山升降、太子河升降、复州升降、南关岭升降和大连升降。殷屯升降、大孤山升降、太子河升降、复州升降和南关岭升降等五个次一级构造运动,本次统称之为晋宁运动,代表新元代早期的构造运动;新元古代中晚期(约890~541 Ma),辽宁地区缺失原兴民村组之上地层,代表新一期构造运动抬升的产物,本次将该期运动称之为大连运动,与西北的柯坪运动和南方的澄江运动基本相当。芹峪升降界面标志着四堡运动的结束和晋宁运动的开始;青白口系周家崴子组和王家坦子组之间的沉积间断称为南关岭升降,南关岭升降界面标志着晋宁运动的结束和大连运动的开始;大连升降界面(约541 Ma)的确认,标志着新元古代大连运动的结束和早古生代兴凯运动的开始。【结论】辽宁地区新元古代早期构造运动较为频繁,存在三次冰碛作用和多处平行不整合界面,可划分为晋宁运动和大连运动两个旋回以及七个次一级的升降运动,为区域地层研究对比提供重要参考资料。

应用于红外大面阵数据传输的接口电路设计

红外大面阵(2560×2048)数字读出电路对芯片数据接口有高速、低功耗、强驱动能力的需求。采用0.18μm互补金属氧化物半导体(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor,CMOS)工艺设计了4∶1并串转换电路、电平转换电路以及采用预加重技术的低压差分信号(Low Voltage Differential Signal,LVDS)驱动器电路。并串转换电路采用双沿采样的树形结构降低时钟频率,电平转换电路采用正反馈结构提升速度,LVDS驱动电路采用可编程电流大小的预加重副通路对主通路进行高频分量补偿,以保证驱动能力和提升高速信号的完整性。接口的数据传输速率可达到1 Gbit/s。当负载电容为2 pF时,一个通道的功耗为15.8 mW@1 Gbit/s;当负载电容为8 pF且打开预加重时,一个通道的功耗为19 mW@1Gbit/s,输出电压摆幅为350 mV,输出共模电平为1.21 V,LVDS驱动电路的所有参数均满足标准协议。

Coupling analysis of transmission lines excited by space electromagnetic fields based on time domain hybrid method using parallel technique

We present a time domain hybrid method to realize the fast coupling analysis of transmission lines excited by space electromagnetic fields, in which parallel finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, interpolation scheme, and Agrawal model-based transmission line (TL) equations are organically integrated together. Specifically, the Agrawal model is employed to establish the TL equations to describe the coupling effects of space electromagnetic fields on transmission lines. Then, the excitation fields functioning as distribution sources in TL equations are calculated by the parallel FDTD method through using the message passing interface (MPI) library scheme and interpolation scheme. Finally, the TL equations are discretized by the central difference scheme of FDTD and assigned to multiple processors to obtain the transient responses on the terminal loads of these lines. The significant feature of the presented method is embodied in its parallel and synchronous calculations of the space electromagnetic fields and transient responses on the lines. Numerical simulations of ambient wave acting on multi-conductor transmission lines (MTLs), which are located on the PEC ground and in the shielded cavity respectively, are implemented to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the presented method.

Multi-Deme Parallel FGAs-Based Algorithm for Multitarget Tracking

For data association in multisensor and multitarget tracking, a novel parallel algorithm is developed to improve the efficiency and real-time performance of FGAs-based algorithm. One Cluster of Workstation （COW） with Message Passing Interface （MPI） is built. The proposed Multi-Deme Parallel FGA （MDPFGA） is run on the platform. A serial of special MDPFGAs are used to determine the static and the dynamic solutions of generalized m-best S-D assignment problem respectively, as well as target states estimation in track management. Such an assignment-based parallel algorithm is demonstrated on simulated passive sensor track formation and maintenance problem. While illustrating the feasibility of the proposed algorithm in multisensor multitarget tracking, simulation results indicate that the MDPFGAs-based algorithm has greater efficiency and speed than the FGAs-based algorithm.

Parallelizing AT with open multi-processing and MPI

Simulating charged particle motion through the elements is necessary to understand modern particle accelerators. The particle numbers and the circling turns in a synchrotron are huge, and a simulation can be timeconsuming. Open multi-processing(Open MP) is a convenient method to speed up the computing of multi-cores for computers based on share memory model. Using message passing interface(MPI) which is based on nonuniform memory access architecture, a coarse grain parallel algorithm is set up for the Accelerator Toolbox(AT)for dynamic tracking processes. The computing speedup of the tracking process is 3.77 times with a quad-core CPU computer and the speed almost grows linearly with the number of CPU.

Development of high performance casting analysis software by coupled parallel computation

Up to now,so much casting analysis software has been continuing to develop the new access way to real casting processes. Those include the melt flow analysis,heat transfer analysis for solidification calculation,mechanical property predictions and microstructure predictions. These trials were successful to obtain the ideal results comparing with real situations,so that CAE technologies became inevitable to design or develop new casting processes. But for manufacturing fields,CAE technologies are not so frequently being used because of their difficulties in using the software or insufficient computing performances. To introduce CAE technologies to manufacturing field,the high performance analysis is essential to shorten the gap between product designing time and prototyping time. The software code optimization can be helpful,but it is not enough,because the codes developed by software experts are already optimized enough. As an alternative proposal for high performance computations,the parallel computation technologies are eagerly being applied to CAE technologies to make the analysis time shorter. In this research,SMP (Shared Memory Processing) and MPI (Message Passing Interface) (1) methods for parallelization were applied to commercial software "Z-Cast" to calculate the casting processes. In the code parallelizing processes,the network stabilization,core optimization were also carried out under Microsoft Windows platform and their performances and results were compared with those of normal linear analysis codes.

基于分布式数据集的并行计算框架内存优化方法

随着科学计算和人工智能技术的快速发展,分布式环境下的并行计算已成为解决大规模理论计算和数据处理问题的重要手段。内存容量的提高以及迭代算法的广泛应用,使得以Spark为代表的内存计算技术愈发成熟。但是,当前主流的分布式内存模型和计算框架难以兼顾易用性和计算性能,并且在数据格式定义、内存分配、内存使用效率等方面存在不足。提出一种基于分布式数据集的并行计算方法,分别从模型理论和系统开销两个角度对内存计算进行优化。在理论上,通过对计算过程进行建模分析,以解决Spark在科学计算环境下表达能力不足的问题,同时给出计算框架的开销模型,为后续性能优化提供支持。在系统上,提出一种框架级的内存优化方法,该方法主要包括对跨语言分布式内存数据集的重构、分布式共享内存的管理、消息传递过程的优化等模块。实验结果表明,基于该优化方法实现的并行计算框架可以显著提升数据集的内存分配效率,减少序列化/反序列化开销,缓解内存占用压力,应用测试的执行时间相比Spark减少了69%~92%。

基于区块划分并行填充的混凝土细观建模方法及其在弹体超高速侵彻中应用

基于超高速深侵彻细观模拟中对大型复杂模型快速生成的需要,提出一种基于材料属性关联和区块划分并行填充的混凝土细观模型构建方法,并基于界面过渡区(ITZ)表征方法的差异化建模验证其在准静态与超高速侵彻条件下的表征能力。研究结果表明:该加速建模方法在建模效率与精确度上具备显著优势,可实现大型复杂形状混凝土构件的快速建模和细观组分的精确占比投放。进一步总结了ITZ实体单元法、无ITZ法和粘结失效接触法3种不同ITZ表征方法的适用条件与材料参数初判标准,不同于准静态模拟中的普遍优越性,超高速侵彻模拟中ITZ实体单元法对侵深与弹坑尺寸的预测效果最佳(偏差小于10%),粘结失效接触法则因未引入应变率效应与易出现数值不稳定现象而在弹坑尺寸预测中表现相对最差。此外,细观模拟中对侵蚀弹体的响应计算和形貌表征与已建立的头部演化高速侵彻模型表现出高度一致性。该研究成果可解决工程实际中的大型复杂细观靶体建模困难,并为超高速深侵彻的细观尺度机理探究提供基础。

Parallel difference schemes with interface extrapolation terms for quasi-linear parabolic systems

In this paper some new parallel difference schemes with interface extrapolation terms for a quasi-linear parabolic system of equations are constructed. Two types of time extrapolations are proposed to give the interface values on the interface of sub-domains or the values adjacent to the interface points, so that the unconditional stable parallel schemes with the second accuracy are formed. Without assuming heuristically that the original boundary value problem has the unique smooth vector solution, the existence and uniqueness of the discrete vector solutions of the parallel difference schemes constructed are proved. Moreover the unconditional stability of the parallel difference schemes is justified in the sense of the continuous dependence of the discrete vector solution of the schemes on the discrete known data of the original problems in the discrete W2(2,1) (Q△) norms. Finally the convergence of the discrete vector solutions of the parallel difference schemes with interface extrapolation terms to the unique generalized solution of the original quasi-linear parabolic problem is proved. Numerical results are presented to show the good performance of the parallel schemes, including the unconditional stability, the second accuracy and the high parallelism.

Design issues for human-machine platform interface in cable-based parallel manipulators for physiotherapy applications

We outline problems and potential solutions for feasible human-machine interfaces using cable-based parallel manipulators for physiotherapy applications.From an engineering perspective,we discuss the design constraints related to acceptance by patients and physiotherapist users.To date,most designs have focused on mobile platforms that are designed to be operated as an end-effector connected to human limbs for direct patient interaction.Some specific examples are illustrated from the authors' experience with prototypes available at Laboratory of Robotics and Mechatronics (LARM),Italy.

紧耦合异构线程处理器

异构计算为系统达到更高的性能功耗比提供了新的思路和方向,但异构系统中中央处理器(CPU)和加速器协同执行任务的过程中大量的控制信号传输和数据搬运始终是系统性能的一个重要瓶颈。对此,本文提出了一种紧耦合异构线程处理器结构,包括一个硬件CPU线程和一个硬件加速器线程,二者采用流水线紧耦合的硬件线程间通信接口和共享存储的方式降低了通信代价,大幅提高了系统性能。为验证该结构的优势,本文在开源BOOM核的基础上设计了硬件线程间通信接口,实现了一个具有高级加密标淮(AES)加速器的紧耦合异构线程处理器,并在现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)上进行了评估。结果显示,在加密任务中,该处理器吞吐量约是Intel Comet Lake使用AES指令集(AES-NI)的5.7倍,是BOOM平台上仅使用通用指令的4000倍。实验进一步验证了通过CPU和加速器快速通信实现的细粒度并行可以取得更多的性能收益。由此得出结论:该结构能敏捷地将加速器整合到CPU周围,有效降低了通信时间,实现CPU线程和加速器线程的细粒度并行,有效地发挥出异构计算的优势,取得可观的性能收益。

T/R组件电老练测试系统设计

T/R组件电老练测试系统主要用于T/R组件的研制和生产。针对T/R组件电老练测试过程中工作量大、耗时长的问题,提出了一种可批量电老练的组合式T/R组件电老练测试系统解决方案,对电老练测试系统进行了开发验证。设备为组合机柜式结构,功能上分为电老练单元区、电源仪表区和人机交互区,可实现T/R组件在预设条件(供电、射频、脉冲和温度等)下规定时长的电老练测试。测试软件是基于自适应调节控制算法的并行测试技术实现电老练自动测试管理,并基于IVI技术进行仪器仪表的控制接口封装,实现24通道T/R组件产品老练过程中的实时数据采集、处理、显示、存储功能。系统采用模块化结构,可根据需要灵活配置;软件平台界面接口丰富、开放程度高,具备良好的维护性和拓展性。实际应用表明此系统满足T/R组件电老练测试各项指标要求;与传统方法相比,自动化程度高,能够较大程度地提高T/R组件电老练测试效率,具备较强的实用性。

支持用例集并行测试的接口测试平台

针对手工测试成本高、时效性弱和传统的接口自动化测试工具扩展能力不足问题,提出了一个支持用例集并行测试的接口测试平台(OLa). OLa采用分层架构模式将系统分为用户展示层、应用逻辑层、数据服务层和用例执行层.其中,用户展示层基于Vue框架开发,结合Vue Router、Vuex等工具实现单页应用;应用逻辑层基于Spring Boot框架开发;数据服务层基于MyBatis-Plus框架和Spring Data框架开发;用例执行层使用okhttp3、fastjson、jackson等工具实现接口测试.此外,基于系统技术架构、Java网络编程和面向抽象编程的思想,创新性地提出了基于C/S模式的用例执行流程和基于参数识别的自动匹配校验方法,解决了传统的自动化测试工具无法支持并行测试的问题.实验结果表明本文设计与实现的OLa接口测试平台支持单用例测试、用例集的串行测试和并行测试,能够自动识别用例参数并对接口响应内容进行校验,提高了接口测试的灵活性和有效性,降低了测试难度,并能够在用例之间无相互依赖的情况下提高接口测试的效率.