Dynamic behavior of single-layer latticed cylindrical shells subjected to seismic loading

The single-layer latticed cylindrical shell is one of the most widely adopted space-fl'amed structures.In this paper,free vibration properties and dynamic response to horizontal and vertical seismic waves of single-layer latticed cylindrical shells are analyzed by the finite element method using ANSYS software.In the numerical study,where hundreds of cases were analyzed,the parameters considered included rise-span ratio,length-span ratio,surface load and member section size.Moreover,to better define the actual behavior of single-layer latticed shells,the study is focused on the dynamic stress response to both axial forces and bending moments.Based on the numerical results,the effects of the parameters considered on the stresses are discussed and a modified seismic force coefficient method is suggested.In addition,some advice based on these research results is presented to help in the future design of such structures.

Non-uniform thermal behavior of single-layer spherical reticulated shell structures considering time-variant environmental factors: analysis and design

Contrary to conventional design methods that assume uniform and slow temperature changes tied to atmospheric conditions,single-layer spherical reticulated shells undergo significant non-uniform and time-variant temperature variations due to dynamic environmental coupling.These differences can affect structural performance and pose safety risks.Here,a systematic numerical method was developed and applied to simulate long-term temperature variations in such a structure under real environmental conditions,revealing its non-uniform distribution characteristics and time-variant regularity.A simplified design method for non-uniform thermal loads,accounting for time-variant environmental factors,was theoretically derived and validated through experiments and simulations.The maximum deviation and mean error rate between calculated and tested results were 6.1℃ and 3.7%,respectively.Calculated temperature fields aligned with simulated ones,with deviations under 6.0℃.Using the design method,non-uniform thermal effects of the structure are analyzed.Maximum member stress and nodal displacement under non-uniform thermal loads reached 119.3 MPa and 19.7 mm,representing increases of 167.5%and 169.9%,respectively,compared to uniform thermal loads.The impacts of healing construction time on non-uniform thermal effects were evaluated,resulting in construction recommendations.The methodologies and conclusions presented here can serve as valuable references for the thermal design,construction,and control of single-layer spherical reticulated shells or similar structures.

A new neural-network-based method for structural damage identification in single-layer reticulated shells

Single-layer reticulated shells(SLRSs)find widespread application in the roofs of crucial public structures,such as gymnasiums and exhibition center.In this paper,a new neural-network-based method for structural damage identification in SLRSs is proposed.First,a damage vector index,NDL,that is related only to the damage localization,is proposed for SLRSs,and a damage data set is constructed from NDL data.On the basis of visualization of the NDL damage data set,the structural damaged region locations are identified using convolutional neural networks(CNNs).By cross-dividing the damaged region locations and using parallel CNNs for each regional location,the damaged region locations can be quickly and efficiently identified and the undamaged region locations can be eliminated.Second,a damage vector index,DS,that is related to the damage location and damage degree,is proposed for SLRSs.Based on the damaged region identified previously,a fully connected neural network(FCNN)is constructed to identify the location and damage degree of members.The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method are verified by considering a numerical case of a spherical SLRS.The calculation results showed that the proposed method can quickly eliminate candidate locations of potential damaged region locations and precisely determine the location and damage degree of members.

An Overview of 3D Thin Shell Textile Preforms

The automobiles, aircraft, and lightweight industries continuously demand thin near-net-shape preforms just out-of-machine as close to the final shape. This study addresses the possibilities of 3D thin shell textile preform as the solution of lightweight reinforcement in various applications. Investigation into the development of 3D thin shells has led to different manufacturing processes. However, 3D thin shell preforms are mostly made by weaving and knitting, but nonwoven, winding, and/or layup techniques have been reported for over a decade. Owing to the complex thin shell manufacturing processes, they are not similar to the conventional methods. The different 3D thin shell preforms can extend the opportunities for new applications in various technical fields. This study presents existing research gaps and a few potential issues to be solved regarding 3D thin shell preforms in the near future.

An Overview of 3D Thin Shell Textile Preforms

The automobiles, aircraft, and lightweight industries continuously demand thin near-net-shape preforms just out-of-machine as close to the final shape. This study addresses the possibilities of 3D thin shell textile preform as the solution of lightweight reinforcement in various applications. Investigation into the development of 3D thin shells has led to different manufacturing processes. However, 3D thin shell preforms are mostly made by weaving and knitting, but nonwoven, winding, and/or layup techniques have been reported for over a decade. Owing to the complex thin shell manufacturing processes, they are not similar to the conventional methods. The different 3D thin shell preforms can extend the opportunities for new applications in various technical fields. This study presents existing research gaps and a few potential issues to be solved regarding 3D thin shell preforms in the near future.

纱线基智能可穿戴设备的几何结构设计研究进展

目前对于纱线基智能可穿戴设备的研究重点主要放在单一器件的结构、材料、制备方式等,但在其几何结构设计以及几何结构对应用的影响等方面的研究较少。基于此,文章综述了近年来不同结构纱线基智能可穿戴设备的几何结构设计思路、制备方法、重要性能指标、应用领域等,指出纱线基智能可穿戴设备在几何结构上大致分同轴结构纱线、加捻结构纱线、平行结构纱和花式纱线四大类。其中,同轴结构纱线更适用于制备能量收集装置,如纳米发电机等;加捻结构纱线由于其超强的拉伸性和强度更适用于高响应传感设备;而平行结构纱线和花式纱线的使用频率相对较少。研究结果为今后纱线基可穿戴设备的结构设计提供了参考和思路。

Shaking table test and numerical simulation of an isolated cylindrical latticed shell under multiple-support excitations

In order to study the infl uence of the ground motion spatial eff ect on the seismic response of large span spatial structures with isolation bearings, a single-layer cylindrical latticed shell scale model with a similarity ratio of 1/10 was constructed. An earthquake simulation shaking table test on the response under multiple-support excitations was performed with the high-position seismic isolation method using high damping rubber (HDR) bearings. Small-amplitude sinusoidal waves and seismic wave records with various spectral characteristics were applied to the model. The dynamic characteristics of the model and the seismic isolation eff ect on it were analyzed at varying apparent wave velocities, namely infi nitely great, 1000 m/s, 500 m/s and 250 m/s. Besides, numerical simulations were carried out by Matlab software. According to the comparison results, the numerical results agreed well with the experimental data. Moreover, the results showed that the latticed shell roof exhibited a translational motion as a rigid body after the installation of the HDR bearings with a much lower natural frequency, higher damping ratio and only 1/2~1/8 of the acceleration response peak values. Meanwhile, the structural responses and the bearing deformations at the output end of the seismic waves were greatly increased under multiple-support excitations.

三维编织复合材料圆柱壳在外压作用下的屈曲分析

提出一种三维四向编织复合材料圆柱壳的细观力学模型,宏观上基于Reddy高阶剪切变形理论和广义Kármán型方程,采用奇异摄动法求解在固支边界条件下三维四向编织复合材料圆柱壳在外压作用下的屈曲和后屈曲.分析中同时考虑非线性前屈曲、大挠度和初始几何缺陷的影响.讨论了纤维体积含量、壳体几何参数等因素对圆柱壳屈曲行为的影响.

江门站复杂支承屋盖结构稳定及抗连续性倒塌分析

江门站站房是由上部空间钢结构和下部钢筋混凝土结构组成的混合结构体系。空间钢结构包含顶部大悬挑钢网架屋盖和钢筒壳支承屋盖结构,钢筒壳支承屋盖结构空间尺寸大,杆件受力复杂,结构冗余约束度不高。为了得到整体空间钢结构的稳定性能水平和抗连续倒塌能力,对整体空间钢结构进行了屈曲特征值分析、非线性屈曲分析及抗连续性倒塌分析。结果表明,钢筒壳杆件面外计算长度系数小于1.6,整体空间钢结构具有较高的整体稳定性和刚度,对初始缺陷不敏感;单根关键杆件失效后,结构仍具有一定的抗连续倒塌能力,结构安全可靠。

编织复合材料圆柱壳的蠕变屈曲分析

研究了编织复合材料圆柱壳的蠕变屈曲问题,通过理论分析,计算了粘弹性编织复合材料圆柱壳的瞬时弹性临界载荷和持久临界载荷。

整体编织加筋碳/环氧复合材料圆柱壳压缩试验

进行了整体编织复合材料圆柱壳轴压试验。实时记录载荷与多点变形曲线,测试蒙皮和加筋梁翼缘的应变,监测加载过程声发射信号,捕获破坏瞬态红外照片。测试结果显示:整体编织加筋碳/环氧复合材料具有较高的破坏强度,蒙皮和加筋梁翼缘腹板斜断口破坏,呈现脆性材料特征。

三维编织复合材料圆柱壳的热后屈曲分析

通过研究三维圆型编织中所形成的空间纱线交织结构的特征,给出了改进的三细胞结构单胞模型,通过单胞的组装和变换,得到编织预制件的整体力学性能模型。基于Reddy高阶剪切变形理论,导得广义Kármán型大挠度方程,计及边界层效应,采用奇异摄动法,考虑非线性前屈曲、大挠度和初始几何缺陷的影响,给出三维四向编织复合材料圆柱壳在均匀热分布作用下的严格满足边界条件的大挠度渐近解,讨论了纤维体积含量、编织角和几何参数等因素对圆柱壳屈曲和后屈曲行为的影响。

单层变截面编织拱壳抗连续倒塌分析

研究目的:本文以某站房大跨单层编织网壳为对象,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,对其进行抗连续倒塌分析。基于平均应力比的概念,根据柱子的应力大小,确定关键柱子。应用线弹性静力分析和非线性静力分析两种方法,对结构在单根关键柱失效的情况下的剩余结构进行连续倒塌分析。通过对比两种方法,从而探索此类大型公共建筑防止连续倒塌的更精确计算方法。研究结论:(1)采用平均应力比作为结构的移除指标以代替重要性系数的方法方便可行,说明此方法不仅适用于框架结构,也可推广到大跨空间结构;(2)静力分析方法比动力分析方法方便可行,但可能会导致更保守的结果;(3)边拱柱子失效后,边拱局部区域发生破坏,发生很大的位移及杆件转角,构件内力发生重分布,这说明边拱柱子是结构的重要部位,在使用过程中应重点防护;(4)拱顶接近悬挑端中部有部分杆件出现断裂情况,但没有大面积扩散,在实际设计中应对此部分进行重点防护;(5)本研究揭示的建筑连续倒塌的机制与模式,可用于大型车站建筑防爆抗爆及设计。

热处理对聚丙烯酸丁酯/聚苯乙烯核壳乳胶膜形态的影响

本文采用动态扭辫研究了PBA/PS,PS/PBA核壳复合乳胶膜的性能。认为PBA/PS在未处理的干态,PS相中合有大量的PBA,而在PBA相中,PS以微观相分离的形式存在。由于核壳间接枝共聚物的存在,PBA连续相中的PS微区是很稳定的。而对于PS/PBA体系,PBA在表层形成连续相,PS相中混入PBA的量很少。乳胶膜在100℃热处理后,发现PBA和PS发生相分离。在130℃热处理,观察到100℃热处理时所形成的部分连续相解体,相发生重排,使更多的PS溶入PBA相中。透射电镜观察和力学性能测试证实了以上的推测。

三维四向整体编织复合材料圆筒壳体临界外压计算及试验验证

提出了三维四向整体编织复合材料壳体临界外压计算方法。给出了两个三维四向整体编织碳 /环氧复合材料圆筒壳体临界外压的试验结果。计算结果与试验结果相符较好 ,提出的计算方法得到试验验证 ,可供设计计算使用。

Stability analysis of ellipse- like suspen-dome structures with low rise-span ratio

To investigate the effects of initial geometric imperfection and material nonlinearity on the stability analysis of the suspen-dome, the steel roof of Jiangsu Culture Sports Center Gymnasium was utilized as a numerical model, and modal analyses were performed. Then, linear buckling analysis,geometric nonlinear stability analysis, geometric nonlinear stability analysis with initial imperfection, and double nonlinear analysis considering material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity were discussed in detail to compare the stability performance of the ellipse-like suspen-dome and the single-layer reticulated shell. The results showthat the cable-strut system increases the integrity of the suspen-dome, and moderates the sensibility of the single-layer reticulated shell to initial geometric imperfection. However, it has little influence on integral rigidity, fundamental vibration frequencies, linear ultimate live loads, and geometric nonlinear ultimate live loads without initial imperfection. When considering the material nonlinearity and initial imperfection, a significant reduction occurs in the ultimate stability capacities of these two structures. In this case, the suspen-dome with a lowrise-span ratio is sensitive to the initial imperfection and material nonlinearity. In addition, the distribution pattern of live loads significantly influences the instability modes of the structure, and the uniform live load with full span is not always the most dangerous case.

三维四向整体编织碳/环氧复合材料圆锥壳体的外压稳定性研究

本文给出了两个三维四向整体编织碳 /环氧复合材料圆锥壳体临界外压的试验结果 ,进一步验证了三维四向整体编织复合材料壳体临界外压计算方法。计算结果与试验结果相符较好 ,计算时试验修正系数可取 0 .8。

瞭望塔基座大厅混凝土结构设计

北京瞭望塔由5个单塔组成,各塔身之间利用疏散通道设置4道连接桁架,将5个单塔连接为整体,建筑体型非常复杂。瞭望塔包含基座大厅、塔身、顶部塔冠三部分。底部为混凝土基座大厅,基座大厅屋盖结合建筑采光天窗造型,采用交叉编织混凝土梁板结构,有效保证水平力的传递。基座大厅范围内将上部塔身钢管混凝土筒壳改为钢板组合剪力墙,可以显著增强结构的侧向刚度,有效解决了塔身结构嵌固深度不足的问题。基座大厅入口大厅采用混凝土拱壳,最大跨度近50m,上部最厚覆土12m,边界条件与受力情况复杂,采用加肋方式提高承载力,减轻结构自重。

铁路枢纽单层编织拱壳屋盖连续倒塌分析研究

为减少局部构件破坏引起结构连续倒塌的可能性,运用等效荷载瞬时卸载法对一综合交通枢纽中央站房屋盖进行了不同支座失效情况下结构抗连续倒塌的动力分析。利用应力比法分析了站房结构屋盖的重要构件,采用有限元程序ABAQUS对结构进行非线性动力分析,构件破坏判断标准参考美国标准UFC4-023-03的要求。介绍抗连续倒塌动力分析的承载力和变形判定准则,分析在关键构件失效瞬间结构的应力比和变形能否满足设计要求。结果表明:在不同位置支座失效情况下,该屋盖发生了局部破坏,但破坏限制在去除构件周围的一定范围内;边支座失效情况下,结构破坏范围明显加大,但最终破坏仍限制在局部范围,不会造成整体结构的连续坍塌。

Research on failure scenarios of domes based on form vulnerability

In this paper, form vulnerability theory was applied to the analysis of the failure mechanisms of single-layer latticed spherical shells subjected to seismic excitations. Three 1/10 scale testing models were designed with characteristics as follows： Model 1 possesses overall uniform stiffness and is expected to collapse in the strength failure mode as some members become plastic; Model 2 possesses six man-made weak parts located on six radial main rib zones and is expected to collapse in the dynamic in- stability mode with all members still in the elastic stage; Model 3 strengthens the six weak zones of Model 2, and therefore, its stiffness is uniform. Model 3 is proposed to collapse in the strength failure mode when the members are still in the elastic stage By increasing the peak ground accelerations of seismic waves gradually, the shaking table tests were carried out until all three models collapsed （or locally collapsed）. On the basis of form vulnerability theory, topological hierarchy models of the test models were established through a clustering process, and various failure scenarios, including overall collapse scenarios and partial collapse scenarios, were identified by unzipping corresponding hierarchical models. By comparison of the failure scenarios based on theoretical analysis and experiments, it was found that vulnerability theory could effectively reflect the weak- ness zones in topological relations of the structures from the perspective of internal causes. The intemal mechanisms of the distinct failure characteristics of reticulated shells subjected to seismic excitations were also revealed in this process. The well-formedness of structural clusters, Q, is closely related to the collapse modes, i.e., uniform changes of Q indicate a uniform distribution of overall structural stiffness, which indicates that strength failure is likely to happen; conversely, non-uniform changes of Q indicate that weak zones exist in the structure, and dynamic instability is likely to occur.