RESEARCH ON IMPERFECTION SENSITIVE REGION OF SINGLE-LAYER LATTICED DOMES

The concept of the imperfection sensitive region is given. The advanced stochastic imperfection method is used to research the imperfection sensitive region of single-layer latticed domes. Taking a K6 single-layer latticed dome with a diameter of 50 m as an example, its imperfection sensitive region is made up of the first 12 kinds of joints. The influence of the imperfections of support joints on the stability of the K6 single-layer latticed dome is negligible. Influences of the joint imperfections of the main rib and the secondary rib on the structural stability are similar. The initial deviations of these joints all greatly lower the critical load of the dome. Results show that the method can analyze the structural imperfection sensitive region quantitatively and accurately.

Dynamic behavior of single-layer latticed cylindrical shells subjected to seismic loading

The single-layer latticed cylindrical shell is one of the most widely adopted space-fl'amed structures.In this paper,free vibration properties and dynamic response to horizontal and vertical seismic waves of single-layer latticed cylindrical shells are analyzed by the finite element method using ANSYS software.In the numerical study,where hundreds of cases were analyzed,the parameters considered included rise-span ratio,length-span ratio,surface load and member section size.Moreover,to better define the actual behavior of single-layer latticed shells,the study is focused on the dynamic stress response to both axial forces and bending moments.Based on the numerical results,the effects of the parameters considered on the stresses are discussed and a modified seismic force coefficient method is suggested.In addition,some advice based on these research results is presented to help in the future design of such structures.

Damage mechanism of single-layer reticulated domes under severe earthquakes

To study the damage mechanism of single-layer reticulated domes subject to severe earthquakes, three limit states of single-layer reticulated domes under earthquakes are defined firstly in this paper. Then, two failure modes are presented by analyzing damage behaviors, and their characteristics are pointed out respectively. Furthermore, the damage process is analyzed and the causes of structural damage in different levels are studied. Finally, by comparing deformation and vibration status of domes with different failure modes, the principles of different failures are revealed and an integrated frame of damage mechanism is set up.

Preliminary analysis of mode truncation of single-layered reticulated domes under earthquakes

In anti-seismic calculation, the mode truncation is a significant problem to engineers if the mode-superposition response spectrum method is used, which has not been completely solved yet in some large and complex structures such as reticulated domes. In this case, some useful advices, concentrating on the problem above, are expected through a careful and comprehensive investigation of this paper. During the investigation, the authors first point out shortcomings of former researches. Then frequency-spectrum characteristics of single-layered reticulated domes were studied from the perspective of structural responses. During this process, some important results such as the existence of the main resonant section, and the fact that the relative sensitivity of these domes under horizontal and vertical impulse varies with the different R/S ratios were achieved. Furthermore, based on the study of frequency-spectrum characteristics, as well as that of earthquake input, reasonable numbers of mode truncation in single layered reticulated domes with different R/S ratio were presented. Results of case studies prove the mode truncation number proposed is valid.

Shaking table test and numerical simulation of an isolated cylindrical latticed shell under multiple-support excitations

In order to study the infl uence of the ground motion spatial eff ect on the seismic response of large span spatial structures with isolation bearings, a single-layer cylindrical latticed shell scale model with a similarity ratio of 1/10 was constructed. An earthquake simulation shaking table test on the response under multiple-support excitations was performed with the high-position seismic isolation method using high damping rubber (HDR) bearings. Small-amplitude sinusoidal waves and seismic wave records with various spectral characteristics were applied to the model. The dynamic characteristics of the model and the seismic isolation eff ect on it were analyzed at varying apparent wave velocities, namely infi nitely great, 1000 m/s, 500 m/s and 250 m/s. Besides, numerical simulations were carried out by Matlab software. According to the comparison results, the numerical results agreed well with the experimental data. Moreover, the results showed that the latticed shell roof exhibited a translational motion as a rigid body after the installation of the HDR bearings with a much lower natural frequency, higher damping ratio and only 1/2~1/8 of the acceleration response peak values. Meanwhile, the structural responses and the bearing deformations at the output end of the seismic waves were greatly increased under multiple-support excitations.

微晶格穹顶拓扑结构锚杆托板吸能特性研究

为了解决锚杆托板难以适应围岩冲击作用而出现过载弯折、变形、撕裂等问题,提出了1种用拉伸微晶格填充穹顶实体部分的新概念,将穹顶结构与四面体晶格相结合,得到了1种新型托板-微晶格穹顶结构托板。通过数值模拟软件Abaqus设置了3种可3D打印的材料,即Q235钢、ABS塑料、铝合金,在不同材料的基础上赋予托板截面不同的圆形剖面尺寸,即直径为1、2、3 mm,进行有限元对比分析。分析结果表明:不同剖面尺寸下3种材料的承载力和能量吸收的大小顺序为直径3 mm Q235钢>铝合金>ABS塑料,其中Q235钢的承载力约为4.26×10^(5)N,能量吸收约为2.2×10^(5)J,具有高强及高吸能特性;新型托板在材料为Q235钢,剖面直径为3mm时,承载力最大,吸能效果最强,为此数值模拟的最优结果。

Wind-Induced Effect of a Spatial Latticed Dome Structure Using Stabilized Finite Element Method

A stabilized finite element algorithm potential for wind-structure interaction(WSI) problem is presented in this paper. Streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin(SUPG) scheme of the large eddy simulation(LES) of dynamic sub-grid scale(DSGS) is developed under the framework of arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE) description to solve the governing equations. High stabilization is achieved by a three-step technique in the temporal discretization. On the other hand, the partitioned procedure is employed for the consideration of the coupled WSI problem. Newmark integral method is introduced for the computation of structure domain, while spring analogy method is used for the grid update of the mesh domain. The developed computational codes are applied to the analysis of wind-induced effect of a spatial latticed structure. The numerical predictions of the three-dimensional wind flow features, the wind pressures and the wind-induced effect of spatial structures are given. Comparisons are made between the effects of rigid structure in view of the WSI.

单层球面网壳结构弹塑性稳定性能研究

有计划地针对六种实际尺寸的常用单层球面网壳结构,利用ANSYS软件及自编的前后处理程序进行了3200余例网壳双重非线性全过程分析。求得网壳的弹塑性极限承载力,系统地考察了初始缺陷和荷载不对称分布,支承条件等因素对单层球面网壳结构弹塑性稳定性能的影响,着重研究考虑材料非线性后网壳极限承载力的变化规律。通过这种大规模参数分析研究,较全面了解单层球面网壳结构的弹塑性稳定性能,为实际工程设计提供了理论依据和设计参考。

杆件屈曲对单层球面网壳稳定性能的影响研究

稳定性分析是网壳结构设计中的关键问题。网壳结构在整体失稳之前可能会存在杆件失稳的情况,但在目前的网壳结构稳定分析只考虑网壳节点缺陷的影响而不考虑杆件屈曲的影响。本文在考虑单层网壳的初始几何缺陷的基础上,用初始弯曲模拟杆件的初始缺陷,并将网壳不同位置的杆件予以削弱,使这些杆件在网壳整体失稳前屈曲,比较系统的分析了杆件屈曲对网壳结构整体稳定的影响。

K 6型单层球面网壳的弹塑性稳定

本文有计划地对1200余例实际尺寸的K 6型单层球面网壳进行了双重非线性全过程分析,求得了它们的极限承载力,系统地考察了初始缺陷和荷载不对称分布等因素对网壳性能的影响,并重点讨论了材料非线性对网壳极限承载力的影响.通过这种大规模参数分析研究,较全面了解了K 6型单层球面网壳弹塑性稳定性能的规律,在此基础上对以往仅考虑几何非线性的网壳极限稳定承载力实用公式进行了修正.

单层球面网壳地震反应特征分析

考虑不同矢跨比、荷载、跨度和支座刚度等多种因素的影响,对单层球面网壳在地震作用下的反应进行了较全面的研究,给出了其随各参数变化的规律,得出了在单层球面网壳抗震设计中起控制作用的是水平地震作用而不是竖向地震作用等有益的结论.此外本文还给出了由于阻尼比不同而需对引用现行抗震规范反应谱分析的网壳地震作用进行修正的建议.

K8型单层球面网壳的弹塑性稳定

对1 200多例实际尺寸的K8型单层球面网壳进行双重非线性全过程分析,求得它们的极限承载力,并系统考察初始缺陷和荷载不对称分布等因素对网壳稳定性能的影响,重点讨论材料非线性对网壳极限承载力的影响。通过这种大规模参数分析研究,较全面揭示K8型单层球面网壳弹塑性稳定性能的规律性,在此基础上对以往仅考虑几何非线性影响的K8型网壳极限承载力实用公式进行修正。

单层网壳结构稳定性分析的随机缺陷模态迭加法

根据几何非线性有限元理论,结合单层网壳结构的随机缺陷概率模型,提出了基于Timeshenko梁理论的网壳结构稳定性随机缺陷模态迭加法.推导建立空间Timeshenko梁单元的几何非线性切线刚度矩阵方程,在特征值屈曲分析基础上,建立结构缺陷模态参与系数的概率模型,采用Monte Carlo法对具有随机缺陷的结构进行稳定承载力分析,进而提出了单层网壳结构稳定性随机缺陷模态迭加法.算例分析表明,该法克服了已有传统方法随机变量过多的局限,可精确识别出结构失稳的最不利缺陷模式,获得最不利缺陷分布下的稳定承载力,并可对结构屈曲的全过程进行跟踪分析,具有良好的计算精度和计算效率.

单层球面网壳的几何非线性稳定分析

对单层球面网壳进行了几何非线性稳定分析,利用一般空间粱单元的有限元分析,采用特征值屈曲分析预测结构的理论屈曲强度,并得到屈曲模态,再以弧长法对结构变形进行全过程跟踪分析,求得极限临界载荷。文中还详细分析了50 m跨度K-8型铝合金和钢两种网壳在不同载荷作用下的稳定性。

施威德勒穹顶弹塑性稳定性能研究

通过有计划地对400余例实际尺寸的施威德勒型单层球面网壳进行双重非线性全过程分析,求得网壳的极限承载力,系统地考察了初始缺陷和荷载不对称以及考虑材料非线性等因素对网壳稳定性能的影响,较全面了解了施威德勒型单层球面网壳弹塑性稳定的规律性,为此类网壳结构的工程实践提供了理论依据和设计参考。并得出以下几点结论:(1)为保证网壳的安全性,网壳的极限承载力应由双重非线性全过程分析确定。(2)施威德勒穹顶属于缺陷敏感性结构。(3)竖向荷载不对称分布对网壳极限承载力影响较小。(4)工程设计中应适当考虑支承条件变化对网壳极限承载力的影响。

单层铝合金球面网壳的几何非线性稳定分析

对单层球面网壳进行了几何非线性稳定分析,利用一般空间梁单元的有限元分析,采用特征值屈曲分析预测结构的理论屈曲强度,再以弧长法对结构变形进行全过程跟踪分析,求得极限临界荷载。本文详细分析了40m跨度施威德勒型铝合金网壳在不同荷载作用下的稳定性,以及不同支承条件、不同失跨比对稳定性的影响。

基于下部支承分离式设计的大跨度网壳结构抗震性能研究

大跨空间结构的历次震害表明,上部屋盖和下部混凝土支承连接处的破坏是其主要震害类型之一,为了降低该种震害的可能性,提出了将下部支承结构分为可承受屋盖水平及竖向荷载的部分和只承受屋盖竖向荷载部分的分离式设计方法,前一部分下部支承宜采用弹性变形较大的钢结构,后一部分下部支承和屋盖通过水平滑动支座相连,由于水平剪力的释放而使该部分支座震害可能性降低。基于该设计思路建立了典型的单层网壳及下部支承模型,基于现行规范对其进行了小震和大震下的计算分析。结果表明:网壳及承担网壳水平和竖向荷载的下部支承部分可独立于只承受屋盖竖向荷载的下部支承部分单独计算,其计算结果和包含所有下部支承的整体模型结果相同;结构的温度应力可有效得到释放,小震及大震下抗震性能良好,用钢量较低。

基于结构易损性理论的网壳失效模式分析初探

结构鲁棒性反映了结构系统抵抗外部环境干扰和内部不确定性因素影响而能保持稳定工作的能力。然而,对于结构鲁棒性评价指标尚未形成统一的理论方法和依据。易损性是鲁棒性的对立面,研究结构易损性可以从另一方面揭示结构缺乏鲁棒性的原因。Blockley等提出的结构易损性理论,通过分析不同初始破坏对结构几何拓扑关系的影响识别其薄弱部位。根据结构的节点连接性能将结构划分成不同层次的结构簇形成结构层级模型,利用结构层级模型找出结构的薄弱单元,从而确定结构内部存在的薄弱部位。将该理论应用于网壳结构倒塌模式分析,编制了相应的分析程序,以文献算例验证了分析程序的正确性。而后将易损性理论应用于星型网壳,说明基于易损性理论分析网壳等大跨空间结构倒塌模式的可行性。通过与地震作用下的倒塌模式相比较,表明结构易损性分析基本能够有效反映结构的最薄弱部位。失效模式的评价参数"相对损伤需求Dr"和"易损性指数φ"可以科学反映失效模式发生的容易性和造成后果的严重性,即相对损伤需求越小,发生该模式的可能性就越大于其他失效模式;易损性指数越大则表示该失效后果的越不成比例性。

基于应变能密度的单层球面网壳结构失效判定准则

进行基于应变能密度的单层球面网壳地震作用下工作行为分析,意在给出一个合理且较为精确的判断结构动力失效准则。首先,对理想单层球面网壳结构的对数应变能密度(LSED)、以及有初始缺陷的单层球面网壳结构的指数应变能密度(ESED)与加速度幅值(A)关系进行理论推导,给出单层球面网壳应变能密度的表达式,奠定判定其失效的理论基础。然后,应用通用有限元程序对典型单层球面网壳在地震荷载作用下的动力反应进行全过程响应分析,并时时提取出各级动荷载幅值下的所有单元的应变能密度。进而,进行结构应变能密度走向特征分析,揭示单层网壳结构的整体塑性应变能密度积累到一定程度时,结构应变能密度-地震加速度幅值曲线产生转折点。最后,据此特征提出基于结构能量密度的失效荷载判定准则,并与现有判定准则进行比较。

肋环斜杆型球面网壳弹塑性稳定特性

为掌握肋环斜杆型球面网壳的弹塑性稳定特性,利用ANSYS软件有计划地对430余例实际尺寸的肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳进行了双重非线性全过程分析,求得结构的极限承载力,系统地考察了初始缺陷、荷载不对称分布、支承条件以及材料非线性等因素对网壳稳定性能的影响,并与弹性分析结果进行了对比分析.通过大规模参数分析研究,较全面了解肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳弹塑性稳定的规律性,统计了肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳的材料非线性折减系数,为此类网壳结构的工程实践提供了理论依据和设计参考.