The clinical pharmacokinetics of osmotic pump controlled release tablets of terazosin hydrochloride in healthy volunteers

The clinical pharmacokinetics of osmotic pump controlled release tablets of terazosin hydrochloride in healthy volunteers was studied.A sensitive and rapid HPLC method was used to determine the terazosin plasma concentrations,and single and multiple doses of terazosin hydrochloride regular tablets（reference tablets）and osmotic pump controlled release tablets were orally administrated in randomized crossover design.The results showed that the C_（max）of the reference tablets after single oral dose（（120.56±23.15）ng/mL）in 20 healthy volunteers was significantly higher than that of controlled release tablets （（95.27±16.35）ng/mL）.The T_（max）of the controlled release tablets（（2.65±0.82）h）was significantly longer than that of reference tablets（（1.27±0.61）h）（P0.05）.The relative bioavailability of the controlled release tablets was found to be（105.85±6.12）%. The multiple oral dose pharmacokinetic parameters of the regular tablets and controlled release tablets were as follows：AUC_（SS） were（1275.17±175.35）and（1382.65±205.31）ng·h/mL respectively,C_（max）were（128.15±22.37）and（98.57±18.16）ng/mL respectively,T_（max）were（1.35±0.71）and（2.76±0.85）h respectively,C_（av）were（53.13±9.12）and（57.61±9.25）ng/mL respectively, and DF were（2.25±0.26）%and（1.62±0.25）%respectively.The relative bioavailability of the controlled release tablets to the reference tablets was（108.43±6.26）%.The controlled release tablet of terazosin hydrochloride was bioequivalent to the reference tablet.The controlled release tablet exhibited a sustained-release property with a significantly longer T_（max）and lower C_（max）.

Preparation of controlled porosity osmotic pump tablets for salvianolic acid and optimization of the formulation using an artificial neural network method

In this paper controlled porosity osmotic pump tablets(CPOPT)for salvianolic acid(SA)were prepared and optimized with experimental design methods including an artificial neutral network(ANN)method.Three causal factors,i.e.,drug,osmotic pressure promoting agent rate,PEG400 content in coating solution and coating weight,were evaluated based on their effects on drug release rate.The linear correlation coefficient of the accumulative amount of drug release and the time of 12 h,r(Y_(1)),and the sum of the absolute value between measured and projected values,Y_(2),were used as outputs to optimize the formulation.The weight expression Y=(1-Y_(1))^(2)+Y_(2)^(2) was used in the calculation.Furthermore,the ANN and uniform design gave similar optimization results,but ANN projected the outputs better than the uniform design.This paper showed that the release rate of salvianolic acid B and that of the total salvianolic acid was consistent in the optimized formulation.

Redefinition to bilayer osmotic pump tablets as subterranean river system within mini-earth via three-dimensional structure mechanism

Defining and visualizing the three-dimensional(3 D) structures of pharmaceuticals provides a new and important tool to elucidate the phenomenal behavior and underlying mechanisms of drug delivery systems. The mechanism of drug release from complex structured dosage forms, such as bilayer osmotic pump tablets, has not been investigated widely for most solid 3 D structures. In this study, bilayer osmotic pump tablets undergoing dissolution, as well as after dissolution in a desiccated solid state were examined, and visualized by synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography(SR-μCT). In situ formed 3 D structures at different in vitro drug release states were characterized comprehensively. A distinct movement pattern of NaCl crystals from the push layer to the drug layer was observed, beneath the semi-permeable coating in the desiccated tablet samples. The 3 D structures at different dissolution time revealed that the pushing upsurge in the bilayer osmotic pump tablet was directed via peripheral“roadways”. Typically, different regions of the osmotic front, infiltration region, and dormant region were classified in the push layer during the dissolution of drug from tablet samples. According to the observed3 D microstructures, a “subterranean river model” for the drug release mechanism has been defined to explain the drug release mechanism.

盐酸吗啡渗透泵片片芯促渗剂研究

目的探讨盐酸吗啡渗透泵片片芯促渗剂的选择。方法以体外释药行为为指标‚采用单因素考察法对渗透压活性物质、崩解剂、高分子聚合物的种类与用量进行考察,并根据优化结果进行验证试验。结果盐酸吗啡渗透泵片片芯处方中渗透压活性物质为60%乳糖,不加崩解剂,不加高分子聚合物,符合该品缓释规律。按处方工艺制备3批半透膜包衣片,其释放曲线良好,加速稳定性试验条件下体外累积释放度未发生显著变化。结论盐酸吗啡渗透泵片片芯促渗剂选择60%乳糖‚20 h时体外累积释放度达85%以上,产品质量稳定。

致孔剂及其用量对盐酸吗啡渗透泵片体外释放度的影响

目的比较不同致孔剂及其用量对盐酸吗啡渗透泵片体外释放度的影响。方法采用湿法制粒制备片芯,半透膜包衣,比较半透膜层中不同致孔剂及其用量对盐酸吗啡渗透泵片体外释放度的影响。结果不同致孔剂对盐酸吗啡渗透泵片的溶出均有促进作用,盐酸吗啡渗透泵片体外释放度随致孔剂用量的增加而增加,相同用量的致孔剂对盐酸吗啡渗透泵片体外释放度的影响从大至小依次为聚乙二醇6000>聚乙二醇4000>聚乙二醇400>聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30>羟丙基纤维素。结论不同致孔剂及其用量对盐酸吗啡渗透泵片释放度的影响有较大差异。该研究中以聚乙二醇400为优选致孔剂,释放效果较好,重复性良好。

山奈酚微孔渗透泵片的制备工艺研究

目的设计并制备山奈酚微孔渗透泵片。方法以乳糖和氯化钠作为促渗剂,邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、醋酸纤维素为成膜材料,聚乙二醇PEG400为致孔剂,制备了山奈酚微孔渗透泵片剂。并通过单因素考察实验,以药物释放度为指标筛选优化处方。结果片芯中氯化钠用量为15.0%、乳糖为30.0%、包衣增重为片芯的4.0%,致孔剂PEG400用量为40.0%时药物释放度最优,且12h累积释放率达到85%以上。结论该山奈酚微孔渗透泵片制备处方工艺简单、重现性好,制得的山奈酚微孔渗透泵片能够达到预期的控释效果。

盐酸氯卡色林渗透泵控释片在Beagle犬中的血药浓度测定方法的建立及其药代动力学研究

目的建立UPLC-MS/MS法测定Beagle犬血浆中盐酸氯卡色林的浓度,并用于盐酸氯卡色林渗透泵控释片在Beagle犬体内的药代动力学研究。方法采用随机交叉法设计实验,以卡马西平为内标,利用乙腈沉淀血浆中的蛋白进行血浆样品处理。色谱柱为Phenomenex Polar C_(18)柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,3μm),流动相是乙腈-水(含10 mmol·L^(-1)醋酸铵和0.1%甲酸)(40∶60)。采用电喷雾离子源,正离子、多反应监测方式进行定量,盐酸氯卡色林和卡马西平的检测离子对分别为m/z 196.2→129.1、m/z 237→194.1。结果盐酸氯卡色林的线性范围为1~500μg·L^(-1)(r=0.9992),提取回收率为87.70%~89.10%,批内、批间的精密度RSD≤9.7%,准确度、基质效应均符合要求,盐酸氯卡色林分别在-20℃冰箱保存45 d、反复冻融3次、室温放置24 h、以及处理后的样品在自动进样器中放置6 h的稳定性均良好。控释片和速释片的药动学参数T_(max)分别为(8.0±1.27)h和(1.0±0.13)h,C_(max)分别为(70.56±3.73)μg·L^(-1)和(176.33±16.73)μg·L^(-1),AUC_(0-t)分别为(966.33±37.56)μg·h·L^(-1)和(973.05±69.09)μg·h·L^(-1)。结论建立的UPLC-MS/MS方法,可用于Beagle犬血浆中盐酸氯卡色林药代动力学研究,渗透泵控释片具有缓释作用。

水飞蓟素磷脂复合物微孔渗透泵控释片比格犬体内药动学及体内外相关性研究

目的 评价水飞蓟素磷脂复合物微孔渗透泵(SM-PC MPOP)控释片的体外释药特性、比格犬体内药动学及其体内外相关性。方法 释放介质为pH7.5的磷酸盐缓冲液(添加0.5%十二烷基硫酸钠),以高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测SM-PC MPOP的体外释放特征。用6只比格犬进行双周期交叉对照实验,按照30 mg/kg的剂量给药。HPLC法测定比格犬血浆内水飞蓟素的主要成分水飞蓟宾的质量浓度,应用药动学软件进行数据分析。结果 SM-PC MPOP在12 h累积释放度超过85%。药动学研究情况表明,受试制剂(SM-PC MPOP)和参比制剂(市售水飞蓟素胶囊)在比格犬体内的主要药动学参数:T_(max)分别为(3.2±0.4)、(0.9±0.1)h,C_(max)分别为(0.298 6±0.068 9)、(0.629 9±0.076 5)μg/ml,AUC_(0→24)分别为(2.996 8±0.583 3)、(2.268 9±0.432 8) h·μg/ml,SM-PC-MPOP对市售水飞蓟素胶囊的相对生物利用度为(162.21±30.82)%。结论 自制的SM-PC MPOP实现了缓慢释药且增加生物利用度的目标,其体内吸收与体外释药具备相对较好的关联性(r=0.839 0)。

硝苯地平控释片制备及其体内研究

目的:研究一种新型的硝苯地平控释片的处方工艺,使用聚羧甲基淀粉钠作为膨胀材料,聚维酮与共聚维酮作为载药材料,制备双层渗透泵型控释片,并进行工艺放大及体内等效性研究。方法:采用单因素控制变量法逐一考察可能影响硝苯地平控释片的溶出曲线的因素,如膨胀剂种类、推进层中羧甲基淀粉钠和共聚维酮用量、半渗透膜包衣增重、激光打孔孔径等,优选所得处方进行工艺放大及体内等效性研究。结果:羧甲基淀粉钠作为膨胀材料,聚维酮与共聚维酮作为载药材料,卡波姆作为缓释材料;处方所制得样品相似因子(f_(2)值)大于50,溶出曲线与参比制剂相似;工艺放大结果表明,自研控释片工艺重现性好,f_(2)值均大于50,适合大规模生产;体内等效性研究表明,C_(max)、AUC_(0-t)和AUC_(0-∞)受试制剂与参比制剂几何均数比值及其90%置信区间分别为107.58%(95.20%,121.57%)、99.33%(86.27%,114.35%)、99.43%(87.89%,112.49%),在可接受范围内。结论:自研硝苯地平控释片处方合理,制备工艺可行,自制制剂与参比制剂具有生物等效性。

单层芯渗透泵片用于水不溶性药物的控制释放

Aim To study unitary-core osmotic pump tablet for delivering water-insoluble drug for 24 hours. Methods Unitary-core osmotic pump tablet was prepared using nifedipine as the model drug. The effects of various core formulation variables on drug release were studied. Results Polyethylene oxide and potassium chloride have comparable positive effects on drug release, whereas, nifedipine has markedly negative effect on drug release. Conclusion Unitary-core osmotic pump tablet is very easy in preparation and it can deliver water-insoluble drug in substantially constant rate for 24 hours.

口服渗透泵控释给药系统研究新进展

口服渗透泵控释给药系统作为目前最理想的控释技术之一,具有释药均匀恒速、不受体内环境影响、适应范围广等特点。作者对近期国内外相关文献报道进行检索、分类和整理,系统地综述在处方组成、制备工艺和质量评价方面的研究进展,概述国内外研究和应用现状及其在中药中的应用前景。

阿魏酸钠微孔渗透泵控释片的包衣对体外释药的影响

目的考察包衣处方对阿魏酸钠口服微孔渗透泵控释片体外释药性质的影响,并优选最佳包衣处方。方法根据不同时间的累积释放度,考察药物的释放情况,通过正交设计优化包衣处方。结果增塑剂、包衣膜厚度、致孔剂对阿魏酸钠口服微孔渗透泵控释片体外释药速率的影响均较大,并能通过正交设计得到控制12 h内稳定释药的包衣处方。结论通过对包衣处方的调整,可稳定地控释阿魏酸钠口服微孔渗透泵控释片。

阿替洛尔单层芯渗透泵片的制备

目的以阿替洛尔为模型药物研究单层芯渗透泵片简化的制备方法,并进行处方优化.方法用自行设计的带针冲头压制带孔单层片芯,以乙基纤维素为膜材包衣制备渗透泵片,采用相似因子为指标筛选处方.结果单层芯渗透泵片的片芯处方、包衣膜组成及厚度是影响释药的主要因素.在1.00～1.14 mm,片芯孔径对释药影响不大.结论本制备方法可免去激光打孔过程,制得的阿替洛尔单层芯渗透泵片能24 h匀速释药.

均匀设计法制备苦参碱渗透泵型控释片

目的制备苦参碱渗透泵型控释片,同时建立一种新的设计初级渗透泵处方的方法。方法利用均匀设计法得到释放速率与各处方因素间的定量关系,通过回归方程预测合适的处方。结果回归方程的显著性和精度较好,以其为依据制备了苦参碱控释片。结论对于初级渗透泵的处方设计,均匀设计法是可行的方法。

盐酸氨溴索渗透泵控释片的研制

目的:制备盐酸氨溴索口服渗透泵控释片。方法:使用羟丙基-β-环糊精对盐酸氨溴索包合,应用正交设计优化渗透泵片处方。结果:制得的盐酸氨溴索渗透泵控释片释放度符合要求。结论:羟丙基-β-环糊精能够改善盐酸氨溴索的溶解性质,从而简化盐酸氨溴索渗透泵制剂的制备方法。

硝苯地平口服渗透泵片的制备及其体外释药特性

研制了单室单层硝苯地平口服渗透泵片 ,考察了片剂配方和主要制备参数、实验条件参数对药物释放速率的影响。在大量实验基础上 ,对硝苯地平口服渗透泵片的配方和制备参数进行优化 ,所确定的最优片芯配方为 (以片为基准 ) :硝苯地平 30mg ,β 环糊精 98 3mg ,聚环氧乙烷10mg ,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 2 1 2 5mg ,渗透活性物质 14 0 4mg ;最佳孔径为 5 0 0 μm。依据最优方案制备的硝苯地平口服渗透泵片经体外释放度测定表明 ,在 2 1h内该渗透泵制剂形态稳定 。

格列吡嗪双层渗透泵控释片的制备及体外释放度考察

目的对格列吡嗪双层渗透泵的处方与工艺进行研究。方法以自制片与进口片体外释药数据 ( 2～ 1 6h)的相似因子作为评价指标 ,采用正交设计优化出格列吡嗪双层渗透泵控释片的处方。结果所得优化处方为 :氯化钠 ,1 8mg;助推层聚氧化乙烯 ,4 9mg;羟丙甲基纤维素 ,2 5mg;半透膜重量 ,2 8mg。优化处方的三批样品在 2～ 1 6h内均呈现零级释放特征 (r =0 9989) ,平均释药量为0 2 8mg/h ,与进口片相比具有良好的相似性 (f2 =70 2 )。结论自制片与进口片体外释药行为相似 ,可进一步进行体内释药行为的考察。

夹芯渗透泵片用于水不溶性药物的控制释放

目的 研究夹芯渗透泵片用于水不溶性药物的 2 4h控制释放。方法 以硝苯吡啶为模型药物 ,制备夹芯渗透泵片 ,研究处方、释药孔径等因素对夹芯渗透泵片释药规律的影响 ,并考察包衣的机械性质。结果 药物层中聚氧乙烯和膨胀层中氯化钾对释药的正面影响最大。在 0 5 0～ 1 4 0mm ,孔径对释药影响不大。醋酸纤维素包衣牢固可靠 ,能承受 0 34～ 2 85MPa的内压。结论 夹芯渗透泵片能 2 4h匀速释放水不溶性药物。环境介质和搅拌对释药的影响不大。与市售双层渗透泵片相比 ,夹芯渗透泵片免去了打孔前的药物层辨认过程 ,制备过程简化。

盐酸沙格雷酯渗透泵控释片的研制

目的:制备盐酸沙格雷酯渗透泵控释片。方法:采用单冲压片工艺,醋酸纤维素为包衣材料,制备渗透泵片,考察不同的渗透促进剂,包衣增重,释药孔大小对累积释药百分率的影响,并用高效液相法测定药物的含量和释放度。结果:采用柠檬酸为渗透促进剂,包衣处方为醋酸纤维素2%,聚乙二醇400用量8%、包衣增重7%,释药孔径0.5mm,得到渗透泵片在2h释药为9.5%,6h释药46.1%,12h释药96.0%。结论:通过调节促渗剂、包衣增重和释药孔径,盐酸沙格雷酯可以实现理想的药物控制释放。

法莫替丁单室单层渗透泵片的制备

目的:以法莫替丁(famotidine,FMT)为模型药物研究难溶性药物单层渗透泵片的制备。方法:以PEO,HPMC,NaCl和柠檬酸组成片芯,以醋酸纤维素为包衣材料制备FMT单层渗透泵片,并对片芯组成优化;用相似因子法考察了体外释放条件。结果:片芯最佳组成为:FMT40 mg,PEON1065 mg,HPMCK4M70 mg,NaCl 50 mg,柠檬酸20 mg。释放介质和转速对药物释放无显著影响。本渗透泵片24 h恒速释药,累积释药率93%。结论:本渗透泵片制备简便,能较好地控制FMT24 h匀速释药。