Impact of T_(i)/T_(e )ratio on ion transport based on EAST H-mode plasmas

At the EAST tokamak, the ion temperature(T_(i)) is observed to be clamped around 1.25 keV in electron cyclotron resonance(ECR)-heated plasmas, even at core electron temperatures up to 10 keV(depending on the ECR heating power and the plasma density). This clamping results from the lack of direct ion heating and high levels of turbulence-driven transport. Turbulent transport analysis shows that trapped electron mode and electron temperature gradient-driven modes are the most unstable modes in the core of ECR-heated H-mode plasmas. Nevertheless, recently it was found that the T_(i)/T_(e)ratio can increase further with the fraction of the neutral beam injection(NBI) power, which leads to a higher core ion temperature(Ti0). In NBI heating-dominant H-mode plasmas, the ion temperature gradient-driven modes become the most unstable modes.Furthermore, a strong and broad internal transport barrier(ITB) can form at the plasma core in high-power NBI-heated H-mode plasmas when the T_(i)/T_(e)ratio approaches ~1, which results in steep core Teand Tiprofiles, as well as a peaked neprofile. Power balance analysis shows a weaker Teprofile stiffness after the formation of ITBs in the core plasma region, where Ticlamping is broken,and the core Tican increase further above 2 keV, which is 80% higher than the value of Ticlamping in ECR-heated plasmas. This finding proposes a possible solution to the problem of Ticlamping on EAST and demonstrates an advanced operational regime with the formation of a strong and broad ITB for future fusion plasmas dominated by electron heating.

Synchronization and Control of Halo-Chaos in Beam Transport Network with Small World Topology

The synchronous conditions of two kinds of the small-world （SW） network are studied. The small world topology can affect on dynamical behaviors of the beam transport network （BTN） largely, if the BTN is constructed with the SW topology, the global linear coupling and special linear feedback can realize the synchronization control of beam halo-chaos as well as periodic state in the BTN with the SW topology, respectively. This important result can provide an effective way for the experimental study and the engineering design of the BTN in the high-current accelerator driven radioactive clean nuclear power systems, and may have potential use in prospective applications for halo-chaos secure communication.

Numerical analysis of thermal fluid transport behavior during electron beam welding of 2219 aluminum alloy plate

A two-dimensional mathematical model based on volume-of-fluid method is proposed to investigate the heat transfer,fluidflow and keyhole dynamics during electron beam welding(EBW)on20mm-thick2219aluminum alloy plate.In the model,anadaptive heat source model tracking keyhole depth is employed to simulate the heating process of electron beam.Heat and masstransport of different vortexes induced by surface tension,thermo-capillary force,recoil pressure,hydrostatic pressure and thermalbuoyancy is coupled with keyhole evolution.A series of physical phenomena involving keyhole drilling,collapse,reopening,quasi-stability,backfilling and the coupled thermal field are analyzed systematically.The results indicate that the decreased heat fluxof beam in depth can decelerate the keyholing velocity of recoil pressure and promote the quasi-steady state.Before and close to thisstate,the keyhole collapses and complicates the fluid transport of vortexes.Finally,all simulation results are validated againstexperiments.

Control of Halo-Chaos in Beam Transport Network via Neural Network Adaptation with Time-Delayed Feedback

Subject of the halo-chaos control in beam transport networks （channels） has become a key concerned issue for many important applications of high-current proton beam since 1990＇. In this paper, the magnetic field adaptive control based on the neural network with time-delayed feedback is proposed for suppressing beam halo-chaos in the beam transport network with periodic focusing channels. The envelope radius of high-current proton beam is controlled to reach the matched beam radius by suitably selecting the control structure and parameter of the neural network, adjusting the delayed-time and control coefficient of the neural network.

PIC-MC Code to Model Fast Electron Beam Transport Through Dense Matter

A PIC （particle-in-cell）-MC （Monte Carlo） code to model electron beam transport into dense matter is developed. The background target is treated as a cold, stationary fluid and the fast electrons as particles with the relativistic motions. The process is described by a particle-in-cell method with consideration of the influence of both the self-generated electric and magnetic fields as well as collisions between the fast electrons and the target. The collisional part of the code is solved by the Monte Carlo-type method. Furthermore by assuming that the background current balances with the fast electron current, the electric field is given by the Ohm＇s law and the magnetic field is calculated from the Faraday＇s law. Both are solved in a two-dimensional cylindrical geometry. The algorithms implemented in the code are demonstrated and the numerical experiments are performed for monoenergy homogeneous fast electron beam transport in an aluminum target when the fields, collision and angular scattering are switched on and off independently.

Three-Dimensional PIC-MC Modeling for Relativistic Electron Beam Transport Through Dense Plasma

We have developed a three dimensional （3D） PIC （particle-in-cell）-MC （Monte Carlo） code in order to simulate an electron beam transported into the dense matter based on our previous two dimensional code. The relativistic motion of fast electrons is treated by the particle-in-cell method under the influence of both a self-generated transverse magnetic field and an axial electric field, as well as collisions. The electric field generated by return current is expressed by Ohm＇s law and the magnetic field is calculated from Faraday＇s law. The slowing down of monoenergy electrons in DT plasma is calculated and discussed.

Two-Dimensional Hybrid Model for High-Current Electron Beam Transport in a Dense Plasma

A two-dimensional hybrid code is developed to model the transport of a high-current electron beam in a dense plasma target. The beam electrons are treated as particles and described by particle-in-cell simulation including collisions with the target plasma particles. The background target plasma is assumed to be a stationary fluid with temperature variations. The return current and the self-generated electric and magnetic fields are obtained by combining Amp^re＇s law without the displacement current, the resistive Ohm＇s law and Faraday＇s law. The equations are solved in two-dimensional cylindrical geometry with rotational symmetry on a regular grid, with centered spatial differencing and first-order implicit time differencing. The algorithms implemented in the code are described, and a numerical experiment is performed for an electron beam with Maxwellian distribution ejected into a uniform deuterium-tritium plasma target.

Investigation of intense sheet electron beam transport using the macroscopic cold-fluid model and the single-particle orbit theory

The focusing and the stable transport of an intense elliptic sheet electron beam in a uniform magnetic field are investigated thoroughly by using the macroscopic cold-fluid model and the single-particle orbit theory.The results indicate that the envelopes and the tilted angles of the sheet electron beam obtained by the two theories are consistent.The single-particle orbit theory is more accurate due to its treatment of the space-charge fields in a rectangular drift tube.The macroscopic cold-fluid model describes the collective transport process in order to provide detailed information about the beam dynamics,such as beam shape,density,and velocity profile.The tilt of the elliptic sheet beam in a uniform magnetic field is carefully studied and demonstrated.The results presented in this paper provide two complete theories for systemically discussing the transport of the sheet beam and are useful for understanding and guiding the practical engineering design of electron optics systems in high power vacuum electronic devices.

Current transport in ZnO/Si heterostructure grown by laser molecular beam epitaxy

The n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction was fabricated by depositing high quality single crystalline aluminium-doped n-type ZnO film on p-type Si using the laser molecular beam epitaxy technique. The heterojunction exhibited a good rectifying behavior. The electrical properties of the heterojunction were investigated by means of temperature dependence current density-voltage measurements. The mechanism of the current transport was proposed based on the band structure of the heterojunction. When the applied bias V is lower than 0.15 V, the current follows the Ohmic behavior. When 0.15 V ~ V 〈 0.6 V, the transport property is dominated by diffusion or recombination in the junction space charge region, while at higher voltages （V 〉 0.6 V）, the space charge limited effect becomes the main transport mechanism. The current-voltage characteristic under illumination was also investigated. The photovoltage and the short circuit current density of the heterojunction aproached 270 mV and 2.10 mA/cm^2, respectively.

Internal resonance of an axially transporting beam with a two-frequency parametric excitation

This paper investigates the transverse 3:1 internal resonance of an axially transporting nonlinear viscoelastic Euler-Bernoulli beam with a two-frequency parametric excitation caused by a speed perturbation.The Kelvin-Voigt model is introduced to describe the viscoelastic characteristics of the axially transporting beam.The governing equation and the associated boundary conditions are obtained by Newton’s second law.The method of multiple scales is utilized to obtain the steady-state responses.The RouthHurwitz criterion is used to determine the stabilities and bifurcations of the steady-state responses.The effects of the material viscoelastic coefficient on the dynamics of the transporting beam are studied in detail by a series of numerical demonstrations.Interesting phenomena of the steady-state responses are revealed in the 3:1 internal resonance and two-frequency parametric excitation.The approximate analytical method is validated via a differential quadrature method.

Linear Accelerator Beam Transport Operator

The accelerator beam transport operator presents the evolution of beam phasespace point with given transport elements and given initial point,while the inverse beamtransport operator presents the evolution of beam phase space configuration with giveninitial phase space geometry.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a general theory be-tween these two operators.Several concrete examples are worked out in detail to showthe practical applications of such a theory.This paper deals with the linear acceleratorbeam transport operator,and a theorem of finding the inverse linear beam transportoperator for both autonomous and nonautonomous accelerator dynamics is developed.

Nonlinear Accelerator Beam Transport Operator

This paper deals with the theory of nonlinear accelerator beam transport op-erator.For nonautonomous accelerator dynamics,a theorem of finding the inversenonlinear beam transport operator is developed.Several concrete examples are workedout in detail to show the practical applications of this theory.

Nonlinear Transport for Beam Phase Space of the High Curent Injector

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Local wavelength evolution and Landau damping of electrostatic plasma wave driven by an ultra-relativistic electron beam in dense inhomogeneous plasma

Evolution of an electrostatic plasma wave driven by a low-density ultra-relativistic electron beam in dense inhomogeneous plasma is considered. In particular, the wavelength variation as observed at fixed locations in the plasma is analyzed in terms of the wave characteristics. It is shown that for a negative density gradient, the observed local wavelength decreases monotonically with time, but for a positive density gradient, it first increases and then decreases with time, accompanied by reversal of the wave phase. However, in both cases the local wavelength eventually decreases with time since Landau damping becomes significant as the wavelength becomes of the order of the plasma Debye length. Results from particle-in-cell simulations agree well with theoretical analyses of the wavelength variation.

脉冲束流下车载加速器中子源靶传热特性

为了研究不同脉冲束流频率下车载加速器中子源靶的传热特性及其热动态响应,通过调整脉冲束流的频率或脉宽对背部冷却微通道靶的传热性能进行模拟,并通过分析靶内部结构的热沉积分布,探究车载加速器中子源靶的热负载上限以及制约束流的因素。选用能量为2.5 MeV、峰值流强为10 mA的束流开展模拟,结果表明:当束流占空比保持在3%不变时,靶的最高温度呈周期波动,且存在上下包络;随着束流频率的上升,每个脉冲周期内靶的上包络温度逐渐下降,这是由于每个脉冲期间的热冲击下降所导致的;频率上升时,每个周期内加热时间与冷却时间同时缩短,导致其下包络温度在最开始增大后基本保持不变;靶的最高温度随着束流频率增加出现从锂层到中间层钽层的转移。该研究对于车载加速器中子源的束流参数选择和靶冷却设计具有一定的参考价值。

电子束辐照对锂镧锆钽氧(Li_(6.5)La_(3)Zr_(1.5)Ta_(0.5)O_(12))固体电解质结构的影响

通过固相反应法制备出室温下高离子电导率Ta掺杂的锂镧锆钽氧(Li_(6.5)La_(3)Zr_(1.5)Ta_(0.5)O_(12),LLZTO)固体电解质,详细研究了电子束辐照对LLZTO固体电解质结构和性能的影响。结果表明:电子束(250 kGy、500 kGy)辐照后并未产生其他杂相,且晶格间距随着剂量的增加逐渐变大,这有利于降低离子在晶格中的扩散能垒。第一性原理的计算发现,低剂量电子束辐照样的Li+扩散能垒比未辐照样降低了0.07 eV,说明辐照产生的缺陷能促进Li+扩散。辐照前后的电解质交流阻抗测试进一步证实了低剂量的电子束辐照有利于提升电解质的离子电导率。利用电子束辐照探究其对LLZTO氧化物固体电解质结构和电导率的影响对固体电解质的研究具有重要意义。

梁场仓储装备智能集群控制系统中运梁车调度研究

梁场仓储装备智能集群控制系统的开发目标在于实现节段梁自预制台座到出运码头场内全过程流程的智能化与自动化作业,以某高速改扩建工程为依托,该项目为国内首次采用高速公路立体复合改扩建模式。文章针对运梁车仓储系统存在多台运梁车同时运梁易造成冲突卡死等问题,采用Hopcroft-Tarjan算法对存梁区制定路径定向策略,以最小运梁时间为目标构建出入库运梁调度模型,并设计混合遗传算法(IH-GA)对该模型进行求解,结果表明,改进后的混合遗传算法具有更高的收敛速度和优化效率,可以有效地减少运梁作业所需的时间,并增强运梁调度的效率。

轨道运梁车在宽幅平面双钢箱组合梁运输中的应用

以甘肃省兰州市某公路工程建设项目桥梁工程上部钢-混组合箱梁结构的安装施工为例,通过对宽幅平面双钢箱组合梁安装运输工况进行理论分析,从桥头待架区向已架设桥跨上引出两组钢轨,由三维空间位置可调式运梁装置运输平曲线钢箱组合梁,总结了平曲线宽幅双钢箱组合梁的运输安装施工技术。论文主要从工艺技术原理、施工准备、测量放样、桥头路基段轨道基础施工、轨道铺设及加固、轨道连接、运梁平车运输钢箱梁、箱梁架设等内容对双钢箱组合梁运输技术进行了阐述。

跨既有交通线的分体多腔室钢箱梁桥顶推施工技术

以廊坊临空经济区临空路(万兴道—广兴道)工程项目环首都分离立交桥第6联建设工程为背景,阐述了跨既有交通线的分体多腔室钢箱梁桥顶推施工技术。该项施工技术能够解决传统顶推施工用导梁多为定性产品,安拆过程施工效率低的问题。同时,针对顶推用临时支撑所含垫块安拆不变、支撑高度不精准、顶推过程线形控制难度大等问题,提出来一种详细的解决方案。

轻型载货汽车纵梁柔性自动化生产技术研究与应用

为实现轻型载货汽车纵梁全流程自动化生产,采用一种新的柔性自动化技术。根据纵梁散件电泳工艺要求,结合纵梁截面的产品特点,采用自动化输送系统将冲孔机、切割机、成形压机、自动组挂架连线,实现了纵梁从板料至成形组挂全过程不落地的自动化、智能化生产。该方式已成功应用于国内某商用车的实际生产,经试生产验证,自动化程度、生产效率、成本运营控制等方面较传统生产方式显著提升。