This paper proposes and implements a model-free open-loop iterative learning control(ILC)strategy to realize the speed control of the single-phase flux switching motor(FSM)with an asymmetrical rotor.Base on the propos...This paper proposes and implements a model-free open-loop iterative learning control(ILC)strategy to realize the speed control of the single-phase flux switching motor(FSM)with an asymmetrical rotor.Base on the proposed winding control method,the asymmetrical rotor enables the motor to generate continuous positive torque for positive rotation,and relatively small resistance torque for negative rotation.An initial iteration coefficient and variable iteration coefficient optimized scheme was proposed based on the characteristics of the hardware circuit,thereby forming the model-free strategy.A series of prototype experiments was carried out.Experimental results verify the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed ILC strategy.展开更多
风电的大规模并网导致系统等效惯量下降、不确定性增加,给电力系统的负荷频率控制(loadfrequency control,LFC)带来新的挑战。考虑到柔性直流输电系统(voltage source converter based high voltage DC,VSC-HVDC)具有的潜在调频能力,对...风电的大规模并网导致系统等效惯量下降、不确定性增加,给电力系统的负荷频率控制(loadfrequency control,LFC)带来新的挑战。考虑到柔性直流输电系统(voltage source converter based high voltage DC,VSC-HVDC)具有的潜在调频能力,对此展开研究,针对风电场经VSC-HVDC并网的情形提出了一种虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator,VSG)变参数负荷频率控制策略。首先,在风电场经VSC-HVDC并网的LFC模型及拓扑结构分析基础上,为了提高VSC-HVDC的可控性,对换流器的控制环节进行了VSG控制方法的设计;然后,对VSG控制参数与频率变化的关联性进行分析,并基于分数阶梯度下降法(fractional-order gradient descent method,FOGDM),利用频率的分数阶导数提取频率深层变化特征,以优化VSG控制参数;在此基础上,考虑到系统的不确定性,设计触发机制对VSG变参数优化模式进行调整,以降低VSG参数的变换频次,提高系统频率控制的针对性。仿真结果表明:所提控制方法能有效改善电网负荷频率控制效果,具有良好的适应性。展开更多
针对构网型变流器(grid-forming voltage source converter,GFM-VSC)系统在大扰动下暂态稳定问题,现有研究未能充分考虑电力电子电源暂态快速响应与控制可塑的特点。为此,以GFM-VSC为对象,借助等面积法原理与相平面图法,从能量角度揭示...针对构网型变流器(grid-forming voltage source converter,GFM-VSC)系统在大扰动下暂态稳定问题,现有研究未能充分考虑电力电子电源暂态快速响应与控制可塑的特点。为此,以GFM-VSC为对象,借助等面积法原理与相平面图法,从能量角度揭示了其暂态响应机制与传统同步机系统的差异,分析了控制塑造下GFM-VSC系统的暂态稳定机理;然后,针对大扰动下易于触发的限幅环节,分析了系统无法自主退出限幅而失稳的机制,并提出了附带电流分配系数的改进限幅策略,有效增强了系统暂态稳定性。最后,通过仿真验证了理论分析与改进方法的正确性。展开更多
海上风电场将朝深远海、集群化方向发展,多端柔性直流输电技术(voltage source converter based multi-terminal direct current,VSC-MTDC)对远距离、大规模海上风电接入系统表现出明显优势,因此有必要对海上风电场集群VSC-MTDC组网优...海上风电场将朝深远海、集群化方向发展,多端柔性直流输电技术(voltage source converter based multi-terminal direct current,VSC-MTDC)对远距离、大规模海上风电接入系统表现出明显优势,因此有必要对海上风电场集群VSC-MTDC组网优化进行研究。考虑到风电场集群出力的聚集效应会影响电气设备的容量配置,以及陆上电网的公共连接点(point of common coupling,PCC)电压稳定性对大规模风电接入容量的影响。文中推导了PCC点电压稳定性指标,并引入了“N+”原则对电气设备进行容量配置,提出一种计及“N+”原则和PCC点电压稳定性的海上风电场集群VSC-MTDC组网优化方法。采用改进的NSGAⅡ算法对海上风电场集群VSC-MTDC系统进行分析。算例结果表明,按“N+”原则进行容量配置可以更好提高收益,考虑PCC点电压稳定性虽然会增加投资成本,但能够提高PCC点电压稳定性。展开更多
The microstructure,mechanical property,and in vitro biocorrosion behavior of as-cast single-phase biodegradable Mg-1.5Zn-0.6Zr alloy were investigated and compared with a commercial as-cast AZ91D alloy.The results sho...The microstructure,mechanical property,and in vitro biocorrosion behavior of as-cast single-phase biodegradable Mg-1.5Zn-0.6Zr alloy were investigated and compared with a commercial as-cast AZ91D alloy.The results show that the Mg-1.5Zn-0.6Zr alloy had a single-phase solid solution structure,with an average grain size of 34.7±13.1μm.The alloy exhibited ultimate tensile strength of 168±2.0 MPa,yield strength of 83±0.6 MPa,and elongation of 9.1±0.6%.Immersion tests and electrochemical measurements reveal that the alloy displayed lower biocorrosion rate and more uniform corrosion mode than AZ91D in Hank's solution.The elimination of intensive galvanic corrosion reactions and the formation of a much more compact and uniform corrosion film mainly account for the better biocorrosion properties of the Mg-1.5Zn-0.6Zr alloy than AZ91D.展开更多
文摘This paper proposes and implements a model-free open-loop iterative learning control(ILC)strategy to realize the speed control of the single-phase flux switching motor(FSM)with an asymmetrical rotor.Base on the proposed winding control method,the asymmetrical rotor enables the motor to generate continuous positive torque for positive rotation,and relatively small resistance torque for negative rotation.An initial iteration coefficient and variable iteration coefficient optimized scheme was proposed based on the characteristics of the hardware circuit,thereby forming the model-free strategy.A series of prototype experiments was carried out.Experimental results verify the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed ILC strategy.
文摘风电的大规模并网导致系统等效惯量下降、不确定性增加,给电力系统的负荷频率控制(loadfrequency control,LFC)带来新的挑战。考虑到柔性直流输电系统(voltage source converter based high voltage DC,VSC-HVDC)具有的潜在调频能力,对此展开研究,针对风电场经VSC-HVDC并网的情形提出了一种虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator,VSG)变参数负荷频率控制策略。首先,在风电场经VSC-HVDC并网的LFC模型及拓扑结构分析基础上,为了提高VSC-HVDC的可控性,对换流器的控制环节进行了VSG控制方法的设计;然后,对VSG控制参数与频率变化的关联性进行分析,并基于分数阶梯度下降法(fractional-order gradient descent method,FOGDM),利用频率的分数阶导数提取频率深层变化特征,以优化VSG控制参数;在此基础上,考虑到系统的不确定性,设计触发机制对VSG变参数优化模式进行调整,以降低VSG参数的变换频次,提高系统频率控制的针对性。仿真结果表明:所提控制方法能有效改善电网负荷频率控制效果,具有良好的适应性。
文摘针对构网型变流器(grid-forming voltage source converter,GFM-VSC)系统在大扰动下暂态稳定问题,现有研究未能充分考虑电力电子电源暂态快速响应与控制可塑的特点。为此,以GFM-VSC为对象,借助等面积法原理与相平面图法,从能量角度揭示了其暂态响应机制与传统同步机系统的差异,分析了控制塑造下GFM-VSC系统的暂态稳定机理;然后,针对大扰动下易于触发的限幅环节,分析了系统无法自主退出限幅而失稳的机制,并提出了附带电流分配系数的改进限幅策略,有效增强了系统暂态稳定性。最后,通过仿真验证了理论分析与改进方法的正确性。
文摘海上风电场将朝深远海、集群化方向发展,多端柔性直流输电技术(voltage source converter based multi-terminal direct current,VSC-MTDC)对远距离、大规模海上风电接入系统表现出明显优势,因此有必要对海上风电场集群VSC-MTDC组网优化进行研究。考虑到风电场集群出力的聚集效应会影响电气设备的容量配置,以及陆上电网的公共连接点(point of common coupling,PCC)电压稳定性对大规模风电接入容量的影响。文中推导了PCC点电压稳定性指标,并引入了“N+”原则对电气设备进行容量配置,提出一种计及“N+”原则和PCC点电压稳定性的海上风电场集群VSC-MTDC组网优化方法。采用改进的NSGAⅡ算法对海上风电场集群VSC-MTDC系统进行分析。算例结果表明,按“N+”原则进行容量配置可以更好提高收益,考虑PCC点电压稳定性虽然会增加投资成本,但能够提高PCC点电压稳定性。
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51174025)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20110006130004).
文摘The microstructure,mechanical property,and in vitro biocorrosion behavior of as-cast single-phase biodegradable Mg-1.5Zn-0.6Zr alloy were investigated and compared with a commercial as-cast AZ91D alloy.The results show that the Mg-1.5Zn-0.6Zr alloy had a single-phase solid solution structure,with an average grain size of 34.7±13.1μm.The alloy exhibited ultimate tensile strength of 168±2.0 MPa,yield strength of 83±0.6 MPa,and elongation of 9.1±0.6%.Immersion tests and electrochemical measurements reveal that the alloy displayed lower biocorrosion rate and more uniform corrosion mode than AZ91D in Hank's solution.The elimination of intensive galvanic corrosion reactions and the formation of a much more compact and uniform corrosion film mainly account for the better biocorrosion properties of the Mg-1.5Zn-0.6Zr alloy than AZ91D.