Multi-Criteria Group Decision-Making Method Based on an Improved Single-Valued Neutrosophic Hamacher Weighted Average Operator and Grey Relational Analysis

This paper proposes a multi-criteria decision-making (MCGDM) method based on the improved single-valued neutrosophic Hamacher weighted averaging (ISNHWA) operator and grey relational analysis (GRA) to overcome the limitations of present methods based on aggregation operators. First, the limitations of several existing single-valued neutrosophic weighted averaging aggregation operators (i.e. , the single-valued neutrosophic weighted averaging, single-valued neutrosophic weighted algebraic averaging, single-valued neutrosophic weighted Einstein averaging, single-valued neutrosophic Frank weighted averaging, and single-valued neutrosophic Hamacher weighted averaging operators), which can produce some indeterminate terms in the aggregation process, are discussed. Second, an ISNHWA operator was developed to overcome the limitations of existing operators. Third, the properties of the proposed operator, including idempotency, boundedness, monotonicity, and commutativity, were analyzed. Application examples confirmed that the ISNHWA operator and the proposed MCGDM method are rational and effective. The proposed improved ISNHWA operator and MCGDM method can overcome the indeterminate results in some special cases in existing single-valued neutrosophic weighted averaging aggregation operators and MCGDM methods.

Grindability Evaluation of Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding of Silicon Nitride Ceramic Using Minimum Quantity Lubrication Based SiO_(2)Nanofluid

Minimum quantity Lubrication(MQL)is a sustainable lubrication system that is famous in many machining systems.It involve the spray of an infinitesimal amount of mist-like lubricants during machining processes.The MQL system is affirmed to exhibit an excellent machining performance,and it is highly economical.The nanofluids are understood to exhibit excellent lubricity and heat evacuation capability,compared to pure oil-based MQL system.Studies have shown that the surface quality and amount of energy expended in the grinding operations can be reduced considerably due to the positive effect of these nanofluids.This work presents an experimental study on the tribological performance of SiO_(2)nanofluid during grinding of Si_(3)N_(4)ceramic.The effect different grinding modes and lubrication systems during the grinding operation was also analyzed.Different concentrations of the SiO_(2)nanofluid was manufactured using canola,corn and sunflower oils.The quantitative evaluation of the grinding process was done based on the amount of grinding forces,specific grinding energy,frictional coefficient,and surface integrity.It was found that the canola oil exhibits optimal lubrication performance compared to corn oil,sunflower oil,and traditional lubrication systems.Additionally,the introduction of ultrasonic vibrations with the SiO_(2)nanofluid in MQL system was found to reduce the specific grinding energy,normal grinding forces,tangential grinding forces,and surface roughness by 65%,57%,65%,and 18%respectively.Finally,regression analysis was used to obtain an optimum parameter combinations.The observations from this work will aid the smooth transition towards ecofriendly and sustainable machining of engineering ceramics.

The Effect of Mineral Composition and Quantity of Fines on the Atterberg Limits and Compaction Characteristics of Soils

Because of the various elements that come into play in natural soil formation, the impact of varied proportions of mineral composition and fines amount on Atterberg limits and compaction characteristics of soils is not well known. Three distinct soil samples were used in this investigation. The findings indicated the effect of varied mineral composition proportions and fines amount on the liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index as assessed by the Casagrande test and hand-rolling method. The fluctuation of maximum dry density and optimal moisture content with these three soils has also been studied. Furthermore, correlations were established to indicate the compaction parameters and the amount of minerals and particles in the soil. The data show that the mineral content of the soil has a direct impact on the Atterberg limits and compaction characteristics. Soils containing larger percentages of expansive minerals, such as montmorillonite, have more flexibility and volume change capability. Mineral composition influences compaction parameters such as maximum dry density, ideal water content, axial strain, and axial stress. Soils with a larger proportion of fines, such as Soil 2 and Soil 3, have stronger flexibility and lower compaction qualities, with higher ideal water content and lower maximum dry density. Soil 1 has moderate flexibility and intermediate compaction qualities due to its low fines percentage. The effect of different mineral compositions and fines on the Atterberg limits and compaction characteristics of soils can be used to predict the behavior of compacted soils encountered in engineering practices, reducing the time and effort required to assess soil suitability for engineering use.

Objective Model Selection in Physics: Exploring the Finite Information Quantity Approach

Traditional methods for selecting models in experimental data analysis are susceptible to researcher bias, hindering exploration of alternative explanations and potentially leading to overfitting. The Finite Information Quantity (FIQ) approach offers a novel solution by acknowledging the inherent limitations in information processing capacity of physical systems. This framework facilitates the development of objective criteria for model selection (comparative uncertainty) and paves the way for a more comprehensive understanding of phenomena through exploring diverse explanations. This work presents a detailed comparison of the FIQ approach with ten established model selection methods, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each. We demonstrate the potential of FIQ to enhance the objectivity and robustness of scientific inquiry through three practical examples: selecting appropriate models for measuring fundamental constants, sound velocity, and underwater electrical discharges. Further research is warranted to explore the full applicability of FIQ across various scientific disciplines.

Novel applications of bipolar single-valued neutrosophic competition graphs

Bipolar single-valued neutrosophic models are the generalization of bipolar fuzzy models. We first introduce the concept of bipolar single-valued neutrosophic competition graphs. We then, discuss some important propositions related to bipolar single-valued neutrosophic competition graphs. We define bipolar single-valued neutrosophic economic competition graphs and m-step bipolar single-valued neutrosophic economic competition graphs. Further, we describe applications of bipolar single-valued neutrosophic competition graphs in organizational designations and brands competition. Finally, we present our improved methods by algorithms.

Tribological Mechanism of Graphene and Ionic Liquid Mixed Fluid on Grinding Interface under Nanofluid Minimum Quantity Lubrication

Graphene has superhigh thermal conductivity up to 5000 W/(m·K),extremely thin thickness,superhigh mechanical strength and nano-lamellar structure with low interlayer shear strength,making it possess great potential in mini-mum quantity lubrication(MQL)grinding.Meanwhile,ionic liquids(ILs)have higher thermal conductivity and better thermal stability than vegetable oils,which are frequently used as MQL grinding fluids.And ILs have extremely low vapor pressure,thereby avoiding film boiling in grinding.These excellent properties make ILs also have immense potential in MQL grinding.However,the grinding performance of graphene and ionic liquid mixed fluid under nano-fluid minimum quantity lubrication(NMQL),and its tribological mechanism on abrasive grain/workpiece grinding interface,are still unclear.This research firstly evaluates the grinding performance of graphene and ionic liquid mixed nanofluids(graphene/IL nanofluids)under NMQL experimentally.The evaluation shows that graphene/IL nanofluids can further strengthen both the cooling and lubricating performances compared with MQL grinding using ILs only.The specific grinding energy and grinding force ratio can be reduced by over 40%at grinding depth of 10μm.Work-piece machined surface roughness can be decreased by over 10%,and grinding temperature can be lowered over 50℃at grinding depth of 30μm.Aiming at the unclear tribological mechanism of graphene/IL nanofluids,molecular dynamics simulations for abrasive grain/workpiece grinding interface are performed to explore the formation mechanism of physical adsorption film.The simulations show that the grinding interface is in a boundary lubrication state.IL molecules absorb in groove-like fractures on grain wear flat face to form boundary lubrication film,and graphene nanosheets can enter into the grinding interface to further decrease the contact area between abrasive grain and workpiece.Compared with MQL grinding,the average tangential grinding force of graphene/IL nanofluids can decrease up to 10.8%.The interlayer shear effect and low interlayer shear strength of graphene nanosheets are the principal causes of enhanced lubricating performance on the grinding interface.EDS and XPS analyses are further carried out to explore the formation mechanism of chemical reaction film.The analyses show that IL base fluid happens chemical reactions with workpiece material,producing FeF_(2),CrF_(3),and BN.The fresh machined surface of workpiece is oxidized by air,producing NiO,Cr_(2)O_(3) and Fe_(2)O_(3).The chemical reaction film is constituted by fluorides,nitrides and oxides together.The combined action of physical adsorption film and chemical reaction film make graphene/IL nano-fluids obtain excellent grinding performance.

A New Method to Evaluate Linear Programming Problem in Bipolar Single-Valued Neutrosophic Environment

A bipolar single-valued neutrosophic set can deal with the hesitation relevant to the information of any decision making problem in real life scenarios,where bipolar fuzzy sets may fail to handle those hesitation problems.In this study,we first develop a new method for solving linear programming problems based on bipolar singlevalued neutrosophic sets.Further,we apply the score function to transform bipolar single-valued neutrosophic problems into crisp linear programming problems.Moreover,we apply the proposed technique to solve fully bipolar single-valued neutrosophic linear programming problems with non-negative triangular bipolar single-valued neutrosophic numbers(TBSvNNs)and non-negative trapezoidal bipolar single-valued neutrosophic numbers(TrBSvNNs).

Tribological Performance of Different Concentrations of Al_(2)O_(3)Nanofluids on Minimum Quantity Lubrication Milling

Nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication(NMQL)is a green processing technology.Cottonseed oil is suitable as base oil because of excellent lubrication performance,low freezing temperature,and high yield.Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles improve not only the heat transfer capacity but also the lubrication performance.The physical and chemical proper-ties of nanofluid change when Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles are added.However,the effects of the concentration of nanofluid on lubrication performance remain unknown.Furthermore,the mechanisms of interaction between Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparti-cles and cottonseed oil are unclear.In this research,nanofluid is prepared by adding different mass concentrations of Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles(0,0.2%,0.5%,1%,1.5%,and 2%wt)to cottonseed oil during minimum quantity lubrication(MQL)milling 45 steel.The tribological properties of nanofluid with different concentrations at the tool/workpiece interface are studied through macro-evaluation parameters(milling force,specific energy)and micro-evaluation parameters(surface roughness,micro morphology,contact angle).The result show that the specific energy is at the minimum(114 J/mm^(3)),and the roughness value is the lowest(1.63μm)when the concentration is 0.5 wt%.The surfaces of the chip and workpiece are the smoothest,and the contact angle is the lowest,indicating that the tribological proper-ties are the best under 0.5 wt%.This research investigates the intercoupling mechanisms of Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles and cottonseed base oil,and acquires the optimal Al_(2)O_(3)nanofluid concentration to receive satisfactory tribological properties.

THE METRIC GENERALIZED INVERSE AND ITS SINGLE-VALUE SELECTION IN THE PRICING OF CONTINGENT CLAIMS IN AN INCOMPLETE FINANCIAL MARKET

This article continues to study the research suggestions in depth made by M.Z.Nashed and G.F.Votruba in the journal"Bull.Amer.Math.Soc."in 1974.Concerned with the pricing of non-reachable"contingent claims"in an incomplete financial market,when constructing a specific bounded linear operator A:l_(1)^(n)→l_(2) from a non-reflexive Banach space l_(1)^(n) to a Hilbert space l_(2),the problem of non-reachable"contingent claims"pricing is reduced to researching the(single-valued)selection of the(set-valued)metric generalized inverse A■ of the operator A.In this paper,by using the Banach space structure theory and the generalized inverse method of operators,we obtain a bounded linear single-valued selection A^(σ)=A+of A■.

Qualia Role-Based Quantity Relation Extraction for Solving Algebra Story Problems

A qualia role-based entity-dependency graph(EDG)is proposed to represent and extract quantity relations for solving algebra story problems stated in Chinese.Traditional neural solvers use end-to-end models to translate problem texts into math expressions,which lack quantity relation acquisition in sophisticated scenarios.To address the problem,the proposed method leverages EDG to represent quantity relations hidden in qualia roles of math objects.Algorithms were designed for EDG generation and quantity relation extraction for solving algebra story problems.Experimental result shows that the proposedmethod achieved an average accuracy of 82.2%on quantity relation extraction compared to 74.5%of baseline method.Another prompt learning result shows a 5%increase obtained in problem solving by injecting the extracted quantity relations into the baseline neural solvers.

专利权质押与企业创新

本文利用中国企业专利调查数据,在微观层面定量考察了专利权质押对企业创新的影响。研究发现,专利权质押显著提升了企业的创新能力,其积极效应不仅体现在以专利总数为代表的研发产出数量上,而且体现在以发明专利占比为代表的研发产出质量上。专利权质押显著增强了企业的研发激励,提高了企业的研发经费占比和研发人员占比。调节效应分析表明,研发职务奖励有助于扩大发明专利质押对企业创新产出的促进作用,但研发周期在一定程度上会抑制专利质押对企业创新产出的促进作用。异质性分析表明,专利权质押对不同所有制企业和不同规模企业的研发产出数量、研发产出质量和研发投入均有显著影响,但相比之下,专利权质押对国有企业和大企业创新产出数量的正面影响更大,对非国有企业和小企业研发投入和专利质量结构改善更为明显。本文研究结论为深入开展专利权质押试点和提升企业创新能力提供了一定的政策启示。

企业数字化转型与政府数字化治理对创新“提质增量”的协同影响机制研究

基于数字化赋能理论,以2016—2021年396家高技术制造业上市公司为样本,从微观和宏观两个维度出发探究企业数字化转型和政府数字化治理赋能企业创新“提质增量”的作用机理,并采用多项式回归、响应面分析及块变量分析技术剖析其交互协同机制,明晰数字经济推动企业创新“提质增量”的多维路径,研究结果表明:(1)企业数字化转型能促进企业创新“增量”,不能促进创新“提质”;政府数字化治理能促进企业创新“提质增量”。(2)企业数字化转型和政府数字化治理存在交互协同效应,能显著促进企业创新“提质增量”,并且在平衡状态下,二者处于双高水平时企业创新表现更好,在非平衡状态下,呈现政府数字化治理的“主导逻辑”。(3)政企之间的交互协同可以通过降低管理性交易成本,缓解信息不对称性来促进企业创新“提质增量”。研究结论丰富了数字经济与企业创新相关研究,为企业走出创新“轻质量、重数量”困境提供了新的路径,为政府部门落实数字经济政策和优化创新环境提供了新的参考。

秸秆覆盖量和施氮量对陇中春小麦的产量效应模拟

为量化分析秸秆覆盖量和施氮量对旱地春小麦的产量效应和协同作用,在APSIM模型中,设置秸秆覆盖量和施氮量2因素5个变化梯度,组合交叉设计25个处理,利用模型模拟25个处理的春小麦产量;于2016—2018年在甘肃省定西市安定区开展小麦大田试验,得到早播(ESW)、正常播(NSW)、晚播(LSW)春小麦产量的实测值,利用APSIM模型模拟2016—2018年春小麦的产量,将模拟值与实测值进行对比,对模型的适用性和模拟精度进行分析;对春小麦产量与秸秆覆盖量、施氮量的耦合关系进行二次多项回归和通径分析,利用Matlab计算春小麦的最大产量及对应的秸秆覆盖量和施氮量。结果表明:不同处理下产量的模拟值与实测值均位于15%置信带内,模型模拟精度较高,归一化均方根误差值为4.64%~12.22%,表明该模型在研究区具有良好的适用性;秸秆覆盖量和施氮量的增长对春小麦的产量效应为正效应,相应关系表现为开口向下的二次抛物线变化关系;ESW、NSW和LSW模拟情景下,春小麦最大产量分别为3548.64、3149.59、2507.58 kg/hm^(2);ESW模式下,最佳秸秆覆盖量和施氮量分别为7062.04、194.91 kg/hm^(2);NSW模式下,最佳秸秆覆盖量和施氮量分别为8211.31、218.81 kg/hm^(2);LSW模式下,最佳秸秆覆盖量和施氮量分别为6215.15、162.01 kg/hm^(2)。

胱抑素C冰冻人血清国家标准品的建立及溯源性研究

目的:对胱抑素C进行量值溯源性研究,研制胱抑素C冰冻人血清国家标准品,建立用于胱抑素C检测试剂盒准确度评价的质量评价标准,提升检验检测水平。方法:以人血清样本为原料进行无菌分装、制备胱抑素C冰冻人血清国家标准品,采用多实验室联合赋值的方法对胱抑素C国家标准品候选品进行赋值、标定,建立可溯源至国际标准物质ERM-DA471/IFCC的溯源链,并采用免疫比浊的方法对其均匀性、稳定性进行验证。结果:建立了包含2个水平量值的胱抑素C冰冻人血清国家标准品,水平1为(0.94±0.03)mg·L^(-1)(k=2),水平2为(3.52±0.09)mg·L^(-1)(k=2)。该国家标准品均匀性和稳定性良好。30天短期稳定性研究结果显示,室温条件下,国家标准品(水平1和水平2)可稳定5天;2~8℃条件下,水平1可稳定10天,水平2可稳定20天;-20℃条件下,水平1和水平2均至少可稳定30天。溯源准确性采用血清参考盘和临床血清样本进行验证,研究结果显示,该国家标准品和国际标准品ERM-DA471/IFCC具有良好的溯源性。结论:通过对胱抑素C进行量值溯源性研究,研制出胱抑素C冰冻人血清国家标准品(360046-202001),并获得批准向社会提供,可用于人血清中胱抑素C检测试剂盒正确度评价及临床实验室检测系统量值准确性评价。

初次和重复献血不足量特征及原因分析

目的:分析初次和重复不足量献血者的人群特征和相关影响因素,为进一步降低献血不足量的发生率提供依据。方法:回顾性调查2020年1月1日—2021年12月31日某市全血不足量献血者的献血资料,统计不足量献血者相关数据,比较初次和重复献血者不足量的原因。结果:本站全血献血者不足量发生率为1.03%,初次献血者发生率为1.52%,高于重复献血者0.59%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=363.69,P<0.05);在初次献血者中年龄18~25岁不足量发生率为2.40%高于其他年龄组的1.22%、0.94%、0.89%、0,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=222.786,P<0.05);体重≤55 kg的发生率为1.89%高于体重>55 kg的发生率为1.40%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=24.291,P<0.05);高校和集体献血不足量发生率最高,分别为2.81%和1.61%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=176.890、12.693,P<0.05);目标献血量400 mL发生率为1.84%高于300 mL发生率为1.41%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=18.916,P<0.05);初次与重复献血者发生不足量的原因由高到低排列顺序是一致的,主要原因是精神紧张和血流不畅,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=107.916、48.822,P<0.05)。结论:初次和重复献血者发生不足量的主要原因是精神紧张,重点关注初次献血者中年龄18~25岁、体重≤55 kg、目标血量400 mL的高校群体,应采取针对性预防措施,预防献血不足量的发生,减少血液报废和保障献血者安全。

基于语义分割的带式输送机煤料运输区域检测算法

针对煤炭运输过程中,经常无法保持煤炭在带式输送机上的运量均匀,使得带式输送机长时间全速运转而造成电能浪费和设备无效磨损的问题,提出一种基于语义分割的带式输送机煤料运输区域检测算法。该算法在DeeplabV3+的基础上,根据特征通道之间的相互依赖关系,引入注意力机制,使用不同扩张率的卷积核获得多种尺度的语义信息,来精确分割出煤炭在带式输送机的运输区域。实验结果表明,该算法平均交并比(Mean Intersection over Union,MIoU)相比于DeeplabV3+算法提高1.24百分点,能够有效精准地分割出煤料的运输区域,为煤量估计工作提供有效的保障。

临界温度下循环喷油量对柴油机冷起动和排放特性的影响

为探明循环喷油量对小型农用柴油机冷起动特性和排放性能的影响规律,同时寻求其临界温度下的最佳循环喷油量,该研究以一款直列双缸高压共轨柴油发动机为研究对象,利用环境模拟舱整机试验平台,通过多次预试验测得海拔2000 m下,该机不开启预热装置能够成功起动的临界温度为-5℃。在此工况下,采用3次喷射方式,通过改变主喷油量研究循环喷油量对该机冷起动特性和排放性能的影响。结果表明:较大或较小的循环喷油量均会导致柴油机冷起动时间增加,甚至起动失败;随着循环喷油量增大,冷起动时间先减小后增加,循环喷油量为20 mg时冷起动时间最短,且HC、CO排放峰值均最低,分别为12984和3008 mg/L;增大或减少循环喷油量均会导致HC和CO排放峰值增加。循环喷油量较大时,CO排放峰值显著增加,并且峰值出现时刻提前。改变循环喷油量对NOx排放峰值有较大影响,循环喷油量为30 mg时NOx排放峰值最小,为368 mg/L。综合考虑,海拔高度2000 m,环境温度-5℃工况下该柴油机起动的最佳循环喷油量为20 mg。研究结果可为柴油机冷起动特性和排放优化提供支撑。

育龄收入、子女人力资本与代际经济支持——基于子女“数量—质量替代”视角

中国家庭中子女数量下降伴随着子女人力资本提升,即子女“数量—质量替代”效应,为改善家庭养老经济支持提供了新契机。使用中国家庭追踪调查数据,结合中介效应模型和两阶段最小二乘法,研究以子女“数量—质量替代”为机制,老年父母的育龄收入对子女经济支持数额的影响。研究发现:(1)家庭中子女数量向质量的转换有利于子女经济支持数额的提高;(2)增加父母育龄收入有利于促进子女数量向质量转换,从而提高子女经济支持数额;(3)对于没有参加养老保险、子女数量较少和来自城市的家庭,在子女“数量—质量替代”机制的作用下,育龄收入的增加提高子女经济支持数额的效应更强。因此,畅通并促进子女数量向质量的转换机制是改善家庭养老经济支持水平、缓解社会养老压力的有效途径;更合理的收入分配制度对完善家庭养老功能、促进中国养老事业可持续发展和提升老年人福祉具有重要意义。

金属钼中氧元素系列标准样品定值过程中量值溯源性探究

以惰气熔融红外吸收法作为基础,采用重铬酸钾基准试剂作为校正点对金属钼中氧含量进行测定,解决了金属钼中氧元素系列标准样品定值过程中量值溯源性难题。量值溯源性比对实验结果在扩展不确定度范围内,精密度RSD小于10%,加标回收率在90%~110%。

一种基于标准样品浓度稀释的在线氚监测仪校准装置

为解决在线氚监测仪的现场校准问题,开展了在线氚监测仪现场校准方法研究,主要包括现场校准装置的机械构造、工作原理、校准装置量值的确定,以及需要开展的校准项目。利用该现场校准装置和氚活度浓度标准装置,对同一台在线氚监测仪进行了校准比较,结果表明两者的校准因子分别为1.07和1.05,相对偏差约为2%,该现场校准装置具备量值传递的能力,可满足现场校准要求。此外,该校准装置具有便携性、可操作性和可拆分的特点,可保证现场校准不受场所作业空间的限制,适合在现场进行校准实验,可解决国内在线氚监测仪设备无法溯源的问题。