Fatigue Crack Propagation Law of Corroded Steel Box Girders in Long Span Bridges

In order to investigate the fatigue performance of orthotropic anisotropic steel bridge decks,this study realizes the simulation of the welding process through elastic-plastic finite element theory,thermal-structural sequential coupling,and the birth-death element method.The simulated welding residual stresses are introduced into the multiscale finite element model of the bridge as the initial stress.Furthermore,the study explores the impact of residual stress on crack propagation in the fatigue-vulnerable components of the corroded steel box girder.The results indicate that fatigue cracks at the weld toe of the top deck,the weld root of the top deck,and the opening of the transverse diaphragm will not propagate under the action of a standard vehicle load.However,the inclusion of residual stress leads to the propagation of these cracks.When considering residual stress,the fatigue crack propagation paths at the weld toe of the transverse diaphragm and the U-rib weld toe align with those observed in actual bridges.In the absence of residual stress,the cracks at the toe of the transverse diaphragm with a 15%mass loss rate are categorized as type I cracks.Conversely,when residual stress is considered,these cracks become I-II composite cracks.Residual stress significantly alters the cumulative energy release rate of the three fracturemodes.Therefore,incorporating the influence of residual stress is essential when assessing the fatigue performance of corroded steel box girders in long-span bridges.

Experimental study on box shape steel reinforced concrete beam

Experimental study on the fundamental behavior of box shape steel reinforced concrete （SRC） beams was conducted. Seven 1 ： 3 scale model SRC beams were tested to failure. The experimental results indicate that the flexural strength increases with the increase of the ratio of flexural reinforcement and the thickness of flange of the shape steel; the shear strength increases with the increase in the thickness of the web of the shape steel. Concrete filled in the box shape steel can prevent the early failure of specimens due to the buckling of the box shape steel, and increase the ultimate load. Measures should be made to strengthen the connection and co-work between the shape steel and the concrete. Formulae for flexural and shear strength of the composite beams are proposed, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. In general, the box shape SRC beam is a kind of ductile member, and it is suitable for extensive engineering application.

Lateral-torsional buckling of box beam with corrugated steel webs

Corrugated steel web is folded along the longitudinal direction and has the mechanical properties such as axial compression stiffness corrugation effect, shear modulus corrugation effect, similar to that of an accordion. In order to study the lateral-torsional buckling of box beams with corrugated steel webs (BBCSW) under the action of bending moment load, the neutral equilibrium equation of BBCSW under the action of bending moment load is derived through the stationary value theory of total potential energy and further, along with taking Kollbrunner-Hajdin correction method and the mechanical properties of the corrugated web into consideration. The analytical calculation formula of lateral-torsional buckling critical bending moment of BBCSW is then obtained. The lateral-torsional buckling critical bending moment of 96 BBCSW test specimens with different geometry dimensions are then calculated using both the analytical calculation method and ANSYS finite element method. The results show that the analytical calculation results agree well with the numerical calculation results using ANSYS, thus proving the accuracy of the analytical calculation method and model simplification hypothesis proposed in this paper. Also, compared with the box beams with flat steel webs (BBFSW) with the same geometry dimensions as BBCSW, within the common range of web space-depth ratio and web span-depth ratio, BBCSW’s lateral-torsional buckling critical bending moment is larger than that of BBFSW. Moreover, the advantages of BBCSW’s stability are even more significant with the increase of web space-depth ratio and web depth-thickness ratio.

Erosion problem in tool steel using cold box core-making process

This paper presents the erosion results of the AISI H13 steel impinged by resin-bonded silica sand, using a testing rig that closely simulates the real blowing conditions during industrial core-making. Steel specimens were heat treated to obtain hardness of 294, 445 and 595 HV200 (29, 45 and 55 HRC). Erosion tests were carried out at impingement angles from 20° to 90° and air drag pressures of 1.38, 2.07 and 2.76 bar (20, 30 and 40 psi). The main results are summarized as follows:(i) The harder material, the lower erosion;(ii) the maximum erosion rate is at 30°;(iii) Little difference in erosion rate at impact angle of 60° and 90° for a constant pressure tested regardless of the hardness level;(iv) As the pressure increases, so does the erosion rate, being more sensitive for low impact angles. Finally, a differential form of the general erosion equation is applied on a practical core-making case to evaluate the erosion rate of the H13 steel at 30° and 90° impingement angles.

Estimating extreme temperature differences in steel box girder using long-term measurement data

The extreme temperature differences in fiat steel box girder of a cable-stayed bridge were studied.Firstly,by using the long-term measurement data collected by the structural health monitoring system installed on the Runyang Cable-stayed Bridge,the daily variations as well as seasonal ones of measured temperature differences in the box girder cross-section area were summarized.The probability distribution models of temperature differences were further established and the extreme temperature differences were estimated with a return period of 100 years.Finally,the temperature difference models in cross-section area were proposed for bridge thermal design.The results show that horizontal temperature differences in top plate and vertical temperature differences between top plate and bottom plate are considerable.All the positive and negative temperature differences can be described by the weighted sum of two Weibull distributions.The maximum positive and negative horizontal temperature differences in top plate are 10.30 ℃ and -13.80 ℃,respectively.And the maximum positive and negative vertical temperature differences between top plate and bottom plate are 17.30 ℃ and-3.70 ℃,respectively.For bridge thermal design,there are two vertical temperature difference models between top plate and bottom plate,and six horizontal temperature difference models in top plate.

Fatigue Performance of Orthotropic Steel Decks in Super-Wide Steel Box Girder Considering Transverse Distribution of Vehicle Load

This study presents an investigation on the fatigue analysis of four types of details on orthotropic steel decks(OSDs)for a cable-stayed super-wide steel box girder bridge based on finite-element analysis(FEA)with vehicle transverse distribution model(VTDM).A high-fidelity 3D FE model verified by the static load test is established to satisfy the fatigue analysis accuracy.The stress behavior of super-wide steel box girders under the vehicle load at different lane locations is investigated.Then,considering the effect of VTDM,the fatigue life analysis of four typical details is performed using the Miner cumulative damage rule.The results show that the vehicle transverse location has a great influence on the stress behavior of details with sharp influence surface,and the stress ranges in the outermost lane are larger than those in other lanes,indicating that the details of OSD in the outermost lane are prone to fatigue.The fatigue life analysis indicates that the diaphragm cutout is more prone to fatigue than other details,which should be carefully treated in bridge maintenance.

Fatigue Performance Analysis and Evaluation for Steel Box Girder Based on Structural Health Monitoring System

Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge as a long-span suspension bridge,the finite element model(FEM)of it is established using the ANSYS Software.The beam4 element is used to simulate the main beam to establish the“spine beam”model of the Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge.The calculated low-order vibration mode frequency of the FEM is in good agreement with the completion test results.The model can simulate the overall dynamic response of the bridge.Based on the vehicle load survey,the Monte Carlo method is applied to simulate the traffic load flow.Then the overall dynamic response analysis of FEM is car-ried out.Taking the bending moment of the main beam as the control index,the fatigue sensitive section in the steel box girder of FEM is analyzed.Based on the strain time history data of steel box girder recorded by the structural health mon-itoring system(SHM),the true stress response of steel box girder under vehicle load is extracted.Taking the cumulative fatigue damage increment as the evalua-tion index,the fati gue performance evaluation of the steel box girders is con-ducted based on the collected health monitoring data.The fatigue effect of the beam section near the steel tower,especially the first section of the middle tower,is the key section of the fatigue analysis by health morning system,which is con-sistent with the calculation results of FEM.

Study in the design and manufacture process of the elastic cable anchor box in steel box girder of Taizhou Bridge

Taizhou Yangtze River Highway Bridge is a large span suspension bridge with three pylons. The elastic cables are installed to connect the steel tower and the steel box girder. The constraints can increase the safety coefficient of the middle saddle, and improve the stress conditions of the middle pylon and decrease the deflection in the middle of the main girder, as well as the longitudinal displacement of the main girder caused by live loads. The anchorage boxes of the elastic cable are installed in the wind fairing outside the vertical web plate of the box girder. Two anchor boxes form a pair and are arranged parallelly. Eight anchor boxes are installed in the bridge. In this paper, the design scheme and the technical difficulties in manufacturing are briefly discussed with the precision control techniques.

The study of temperature effects on steel box girder for Taizhou Bridge

Using the temperature gradient which was proposed by continuously measuring flat steel box girder of Runyang Bridge, temperature effects of flat steel box girder were studied for Taizhou Bridge. With three temperature gradient models （JTG D60--2004 specification, BS5400 specification and the temperature gradient which was proposed in this paper）, the stress of control sections was calculated by finite element program ANSYS. The calculated result indicated that the temperature gradient that was put forward in JTG D60-2004 specification and BS5400 specification for calculating the stress of fiat steel box girder was not suitable to apply to fiat steel box girder. The temperature gradient on flat steel box girder which was proposed in this paper was reasonable.

GMA material design and construction quality control for asphalt pavement of steel box girder: Case study of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge

To improve the quality of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge paving project,a new paving layer material,Guss-mastic asphalt(GMA),was proposed in this paper by combining the advantages of two types of cast asphalt mixtures:mastic asphalt(MA)and Guss asphalt(GA).Based on the characteristics of GMA,to simulate its actual production process,this study developed a small-simulated cooker mixing equipment.Moreover,the flow degree,60C dynamic stability,and impact toughness were proposed to be used to evaluate the construction and ease,high temperature stability,and fatigue resistance of GMA cast asphalt mixtures,respectively.Moreover,the quality control standards for GMA paving materials by indoor tests,field trial mix GMA material performance tests,and accelerated loading tests were finalized.The study showed that the developed simulated cooker yielded consistent mixing results in the same working environment as the engineering cooker device.Increasing the coarse aggregate incorporation rate,coarsening the mastic epure(ME)gradation composition,and using a smaller oil to stone ratio can reduce the flowability of the GMA materials to varying degrees.The four-point bending fatigue life and impact toughness of the different GMA materials are correlated well.A mobility of<20 s,60C dynamic stability of 400–800 times/mm,15C impact toughness of400 N⋅mm,and cooker car mixing temperature control standard of 210C–230C form an appropriate control index system for the design and production of GMA cast asphalt mixtures.Simultaneously,accelerated loading tests verified the accuracy and reliability of the quality control index system that has been used in the GMA paving project of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge deck and has achieved good application results.

Research on overall assembling and welding process of steel box girder tuyere blocks of Taizhou Bridge

This article presents in detail the assembling and welding process technique of the steel box girder tuyere blocks of Taizhou Bridge. The application of this process technique effectively solves the problem of welding stress release in tuyere block assembling and welding without increasing the number of turns of the blocks and overhead welding, thus avoiding possible structural deformation due to excessive accumulation of internal welding stress, greatly reducing the repeated deformation and correction work during assembling and welding, and ensuring the weld seam quality and overall dimensions of tuvere blocks of Taizhou Bridze.

Stress and noises of steel box girders in Sutong Bridge

Sutong Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 1 088 m. 370 high-precision stress monitoring measured data show that in the process of hoisting the steel box girders,the stress of the main girders is in the fluctuant and complex state and many meteorological factors,such as sunshine radiation,temperature and wind,have important influence on the change of stress of the steel box girders. According to the real-time weather data,the stress data after the process of wavelet denoising from representative measuring points in different weather conditions is picked to establish the stress response brought by meteorological factors with Layered Separation method,thereby basically eliminating the influence of meteorological factors on the stress of main girders,so that accurate and reliable stress data can be got for steel box girders adjustment and cable-tensioned construction control.

Design of steel box girder for Taizhou Yangtze River Highway Bridge

Taizhou Yangtze River Highway Bridge is the first three-pylon two-span suspension bridge in China. The main girder adopts flat steamline steel closed box girder which has well wind-resistant capability and is technically mature besides beautiful appearance. Straight web plates of the steel box girder in longitudinal direction are proposed in order to ensure the integrity of the steel box girder, and to keep the stress of the steel box girder continuous in the middle pylon, as well as to reduce the gradient of the middle pylon columns. The cross section of the box girder has one box with three cells. Solid-web diaphragm plate with good integrity and high torsional stiffness is adopted. The lifting lugs are utilized in the anchors of suspender cable. In this paper, selection of the cross section of the steel box girder, the general structure design, local structure design and main structure calculation results of Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge are introduced emphatically.

Research on Construction Process of Steel Box Girder Bridge and Its Stress Analysis

The paper introduce the construction method of large segment hosting and its difficulty, and drawing up corresponding liner and stress monitoring plan. The paper gives the calculation method of shear area for such a big cantilever thin-walled steel box girder section, namely the shear coefficient computation theory of Professor Hu Haichang, and the use of this shear area perfect beam element model, structure model and the experiment prove that the shell model is more consistent, given a certain reference for similar section project.

Study on the Mechanical Properties of Irregular Curved Steel Box Girder for City Viaduct

This paper deeply analyses the influence of different local tectonic on stress performance of spatial curved steel box Girder Bridge, using the finite element analysis software to establish space finite element model of this bridge, calculation and analysis were made on the bridge of the strength, stiffness. It has certain reference value for guiding engineering design, have a good foundation for the mechanical properties and stability of linear and nonlinear further study of curved steel box girder.

Analysis of Key Technologies in the Design of Small and Medium Span Basket Type Steel Box Tied Arch Bridge

In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of small and medium span basket type steel box tied arch bridge,this paper takes a practical project as an example to analyze the key technologies in its design process.It is hoped that this analysis can provide corresponding reference for the design and construction of this kind of arch bridge.

南京仙新路长江大桥主桥结构设计

南京仙新路长江大桥主桥为跨径1760 m的单跨钢箱梁悬索桥,主缆垂跨比1/9,边跨跨径580 m,边中跨比0.33。该桥上、下游各设1根主缆,单根主缆由169股127∅5.4 mm镀锌铝高强钢丝索股组成,采用PPWS法施工,钢丝标准抗拉强度2100 MPa。吊索与索夹采用销接式结构,跨中设置柔性中央扣索,短吊索设置关节轴承。主索鞍采用宽鞍槽单纵肋铸焊结合构造,散索鞍采用底座式全铸结构。加劲梁采用扁平流线型封闭整体钢箱梁,总宽31.5 m,梁高4 m,顶板与U肋之间采用双面埋弧全熔透焊接。桥塔采用门形混凝土结构,总高277.3 m,其上横梁为预应力混凝土结构,外包N字造型钢结构;桥塔基础采用直径2.8 m钻孔灌注桩。南锚碇采用外径65 m圆形地下连续墙基础;北锚碇采用沉井基础,平面尺寸70 m×50 m,高50 m。对结构进行静力分析及抗风性能理论和试验研究,结果表明:结构强度、刚度均满足规范要求;在加劲梁上设置0.67 m高中央稳定板、两侧风嘴处设置1 m宽水平稳定板后,大桥的颤振、涡振等抗风性能均满足要求,且具备一定的阻尼储备。

基于PCL的钢箱节段虚拟预拼装技术

针对目前工程应用中的虚拟预拼装技术存在主观性强、自动化程度低、数据处理过程较为复杂等缺点,首次提出将PCL应用于基于点云数据的钢箱节段虚拟预拼装技术。首先根据钢箱节段截面特征设计一套由面到线、由线到点的控制点提取方法;然后基于PCL中的高效点云处理算法对待拼装截面初始点云数据进行预处理、控制点提取及匹配,输出拼装误差结果;最后将虚拟预拼装技术中使用到的算法串联成群,形成一套完整的钢箱节段虚拟预拼装程序,实现从数据输入到结果输出。将提出的虚拟预拼装技术应用于某钢箱结构桥梁相邻节段,并将计算所得最大拼装误差1.22 mm与规范规定误差进行对比分析,说明基于PCL的虚拟预拼装技术可以有效完成钢箱节段的预拼装工作,具有结果准确、自动化程度高等优点;吊装有应力状态下的节段控制点竖向位移处于0.08~0.14 mm范围内,结果表明工厂扫描得到的控制点坐标可用于指导实际工程拼装。

部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁抗剪试验研究

目的为研究部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁的抗剪性能,方法对4根倒置组合梁试件通过三点加载方式进行了静载试验,通过研究其负弯矩作用下的破坏形态及变形特征,得到了组合梁的荷载-挠度曲线、应变分布、荷载-滑移曲线、最终破坏形态等。结果试验研究结果表明:UHPC翼板显著提升了组合梁的变形能力和极限承载力;相较于试件SUCB-3(NC翼板),试件SUCB-1(1/2UHPC翼板和SUCB-4(全UHPC翼板))的承载力分别提高了18.2%和27.3%,变形能力则分别增强了38.02%和41.2%;钢纤维的添加能有效地抑制翼板裂缝的开展,钢纤维掺量从0提高到2%,试件的最大裂缝宽度从1.06 mm降低到0.92 mm,变形能力增强了23.61%,承载力则提高了4%。结论提出了考虑钢箱、UHPC翼板和充填混凝土贡献的组合梁抗剪承载力计算公式。

三星堆古蜀文化遗址博物馆大型螺旋坡道结构设计与分析

三星堆古蜀文化遗址博物馆中庭的螺旋坡道采用钢箱梁结构体系,最大半径28.7m,水平投影长度118.5m。介绍了大型螺旋坡道结构体系选型和边界条件的对比过程,采用通用计算软件MIDAS Gen建立多尺度整体模型考虑螺旋坡道和主体结构的相互作用,通过静力分析和反应谱分析考察螺旋坡道在不同荷载作用下的承载能力和变形,并采用有限元软件ANSYS建立分析模型进行连续倒塌分析。结果表明,螺旋坡道采用钢箱梁结构具有较好的整体刚度,静力荷载和地震作用下坡道的应力和变形均满足规范要求,并具有较好的抗连续倒塌能力。