Multilayer ceramic coating for impeding corrosion of sintered NdFeB magnets

Sintered NdFeB magnets have complex microstructure that makes them susceptible to corrosion in active environments.The current paper evaluated the anticorrosion characteristics of multilayer titanium nitride ceramic coating applied through cathodic arc physical vapour deposition(CAPVD) for protection of sintered NdFeB permanent magnets.The performance of ceramic coating was compared to the electrodeposited nickel coating having a copper interlayer.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and cyclic polar...

Influence of Solidiflcation Rate on Microstructures of Cast Strips and Corresponding Sintered NdFeB Magnets

The influences of solidification rate on the microstructures of cast strips and corresponding sintered NdFeB magnets were investigated. The experimental results show that the volume fraction and size of columnar grains vary with the wheel speed V, and the fraction is highest to more than 90% with 3.5μm in average width at V = 2m·s-1. The reasons for the improved magnetic performance were discussed based on the micromagnetic theory and microstructure analyses of the strips and sintered magnets. The magnetic properties of sintered NdFeB magnets made from the (Nd,Dy)13.0(Fe,Ga, Al)80.5B6.5 cast strip which was obtained at V = 2 m·s-1 are as follows: Br = 1.15 T( 11.25 kG), iHc = 2799 kA·m-1 (35.2 kOe) and (BH)max = 242 kJ·m-3(30.35 MGOe).

High Energy and High Coercivity Sintered NdFeB Magnets by Low Oxygen Process

Using ball milling and single direction pressing, we can produce high performance NdFeB sintered magnets. The oxygen content of sintered magnets can be controlled under 1500xl0^-6 and the magnetic performance can be improved by using low oxygen processing. The high preformance NdFeB sintered magnets with Br=(1.4 ± 0.2)T, iHc>796 kA/m and (BH)max=(390± 16) kJ/m^3, have been batch produced.

Effect of grain boundary diffusion of terbium on mode of mechanical fracture of sintered NdFeB magnets

Grain boundary diffusion process(GBDP)is a widely used method of increasing the coercivity of sintered NdFeB magnets.In this study,the effects of the GBDP on the bending strength and microhardness of sintered NdFeB magnets and the fracture mode were investigated.Results show that the bending strength of magnets is reduced by pickling and heat treatment and greatly recove rs after heavy rare earth element(Tb)grain boundary diffusion.The pickling and the heat treatment cause a slight decrease in microhardness.Compared with the recovery of the bending strength,the hardness decreases after the GBDP.The fracture mode of bended magnets changes from intergranular to transgranular.This study helps in further improving the mechanical and magnetic properties of sintered NdFeB magnets.

Microstructure improvement related coercivity enhancement for sintered NdFeB magnets after optimized additional heat treatment

The micro structure, especially the Nd-rich phase and the grain boundary, in sintered NdFeB magnets plays an important role in magnetic reversal and coercivity mechanism. To better understand the effects of the microstructure on the coercivity, we investigated the microstructure and properties improvements of a commercial sintered NdFeB magnet after optimized additional heat treatment. The coercivity is enhanced from 1399 to 1560 kA/m. This enhancement has been explained in terms of the evolution of the grain boundary structure, and the formation of continuous thin layers of Nd-rich phase is important for high coercivity. The micromagnetic simulation together with the numerical analysis based on the nucleation model suggest that the reversed magnetic domains nucleate mainly at the interface of multijunctions of Nd_2 Fe_（14）B grains with high stray fields during the demagnetization process. Both improved anisotropy fields at grain boundaries and reduced stray fields at multi-junction Nd-rich phases contribute to the coercivity enhancement. This work has importance in understanding the crucial micro structure parameters and enhancing the obtainable properties for sintered NdFeB magnets.

Study on Key Techniques for Producing High Performance NdFeB Sintered Permanent Magnets

High energy products (BH) max of 365 and 310 kJ·m -3 with intrinsic coercivity iH c of 1640 kA·m -1 of NdFeB sintered magnets were produced. Some new techniques were applied, such as thin NdFeB ingot technique, narrow particle distribution on jet mill, low oxygen content control and high aligned magnetic field press. It is necessary to produce thin NdFeB ingot with fine flake crystal, narrow particle distribution, the average size of NdFeB powders less than 4.0 μm, uniform microstructure, high oriented Nd 2Fe 14B small grains, and finally high performance NdFeB sintered magnets were prepared.

Preparation Technology and Performances of Zn-Cr Coating on Sintered NdFeB Permanent Magnet

Zn-Cr coating was prepared on the surface of sintered NdFeB permanent magnet samples and preparation parameters were established. The anticorrosive property of Zn-Cr coating on NdFeB was studied by whole-immersion test in NaCl solution and compared with that of zinc plating and nickel plating on NdFeB. Open-circuit potential and self-corrosion current of NdFeB samples with and without Zn-Cr coating were measured. The micro-morphology and composition of Zn-Cr coming were analyzed through SEM, XPS, EDS and XRD. The effect of Zn-Cr coating on magnetic property of NdFeB magnet was also investigated. It is exposed that Zn-Cr coating is anodic type coating for NdFeB magnet, and provided substrate electrochemical protection, barrier protection and passivation protection. The anticorrosion property of NdFeB magnet is obviously enhanced by Zn-Cr coating while the magnet property of NdFeB magnet changed little.

Rare earth passivation and corrosion resistance of zinc coated NdFeB magnets

Rare earth passivation was conducted on Zn coated NdFeB magnets by chemical reaction to enhance the corrosion resistance performance.Morphologies,micro structures and compositions of different passivated coatings were studied by X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,respectively.The corrosion behavior was evaluated by electrochemical measurement and neutral salt spray test.The results show that the rare earth passivation can enhance the corrosion resistance of Zn coated NdFeB magnets.When the concentration of cerium nitrate is 5 g/L,the passivated specimens can achieve the longest NSS time of 360 h,which is 144 h longer than that of the pristine Zn/NdFeB magnets.The passivation layer on the Zn coating surface contributes to the enhancement of the magnets’corrosion resistance.

Corrosion Resistance of Sintered NdFeB Permanent Magnet With Ni-P/TiO_2 Composite Film

The Ni-P/TiO2 composite film on sintered NdFeB permanent magnet was investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）,environmental scanning electron microscopy （ESEM）,and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer （EDX）. The corrosion resistance of Ni-P/TiO2 film coated on NdFeB magnet,in 0.5 mol/L NaCl solution,was studied by potentiodynamic polarization,salt spray test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） techniques. The self-corrosion current density （icorr） and the polarization resistance （Rp） of Ni-P/TiO2 film are 0.22 μA/cm2 （about 14% of that of Ni-P coating）,and 120 kΩ·cm2 （about 2 times of that of Ni-P coating）,respectively. The anti-salt spray time of Ni-P/TiO2 film is about 2.5 times of that of the Ni-P coating. The results indicate that Ni-P/TiO2 film has a better corrosion resistance than Ni-P coating,and the composite film increases the corrosion resistance of NdFeB magnet markedly.

Densification and anticorrosion performances of vacuum evaporated aluminium coatings on NdFeB magnets

Al coated NdFeB magnets obtained by vacuum evaporation technique were densified by high energy ball milling method.The surface morphology,metal composition and micro structure of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,respectively.The anticorrosive properties were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization curves and neutral salt spray test.The pores in the Al coatings of columnar crystals(Al) induced by the evaporation technique,were apparently filled in the following ball milling process,leading to the densification of Al coatings and the evident improvement of the anticorrosive performances.When treated with ball milling for 30 min,the sample achieves the best anticorrosive performances with the self-corrosion potential of-0.87 V,self-corrosion current density of 1.65 μA/cm^(2) and the neutral salt spray(NSS) time of 144 h(red rust).The improvement of the anticorro sive performances of vacuum evaporated Al coating mainly lies in the densification effect of the coating,which depends on different loading conditions of ball milling process.