Unusual Presentation of Heart Failure Secondary to Ruptured Aneurysmal Sinus of Valsalva: A Case Report

Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm (SOVA) arises from an abnormal dilation of the aortic root, leading to enlargement between the aortic annulus and the sinotubular junction. Although often presenting without symptoms, these aneurysms bear the potential for life-threatening complications, primarily from the looming risk of rupture. We present the case of a 42-year-old Malay gentleman with a history of bilateral pedal edema and dyspnea on exertion who was diagnosed with a ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm. The patient underwent successful surgical repair of the aneurysm, leading to symptomatic improvement and favorable outcomes. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention in managing this uncommon condition.

Noncoronary sinus of Valsalva rupture into the right atrium with a coexisting perimembranous ventricular septal defect

Ruptured sinus of Valsalva is very uncommon,and is < 1% of all congenital defects.The incidence ranges from 0.1%-3.5%.There is a male to female predominance of 4:1,with the highest incidence in the Asian population.Higher incidence is also seen in patients with Marfan's syndrome and Ehlers Danlos syndrome.There is a higher association of ruptured sinus of Valsalva with ventricular septal defect(VSD),aortic stenosis,and bicuspid valve defect.While most patients with VSD often have rupture of their right coronary sinus of Valsalva into the right ventricle due to poor structural integrity,we present a rare case of a patient with VSD who had rupture of his noncoronary sinus of Valsalva into the right atrium.

Anatomical relevance of ablation to the pulmonary artery root:clinical implications for characterizing the pulmonary sinus of Valsalva and coronary artery

Background and Objective Ablation within the pulmonary sinus of Valsalva (PSV) becomes increasingly common in certain ventricular outflow arrhythmia. Understanding the regional anatomy is intensively concerned to avoid procedure complications. The purpose of this study is to describe the anatomic relationships of PSV to its adjacent structures using computed tomographic coronary angiograms (CTCA).

Unruptured Right Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm Dissecting into Interventricular Septum Causing Complete Heart Block: Can Early Surgical Correction Revert Rhythm Disturbances?

A sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SOVA) is abnormal dilatation of the either aortic sinuses, area of the aortic root between the aortic valve annulus and the sinotubular junction. Their clinical presentation may range from being asymptomatic as an incidental finding on cardiac imaging to symptomatic presentations related to the compression of adjoining structures or intracardiac shunting caused by rupture of the SOVA mostly into the right side of the heart. The compression leads to findings of tricuspid valve regurgitation, right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction and rarely complete heart block (CHB). Dissection or erosion into interventricular septum is one of the rarest complications of SOVA. The symptomatic presentation is almost always a surgical emergency. Here we present a case report of a patient with unruptured sinus of valsalva originating from right sinus dissecting into interventricular septum causing complete heart bock. In this case after surgical correction the complete heart block reverted to sinus rhythm.

Aortic Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm Isolation by Radiofrequency Ablation in Outflow Tract Ventricular Tachycardia

Idiopathic monomorphic ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) commonly arise from the right and left ventricular outflow tracts (VOT). Their mechanism is most commonly triggered activity from delayed after-depolarizations and successful ablation is performed at the site of earliest endocardial activation. Re-entrant mechanisms have been rarely described. We report a case of an otherwise healthy patient who ultimately underwent six electro-physiology studies (EPS) and suffered numerous implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) discharges prior to the successful radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of two idiopathic VOT tachycardias. During the sixth EPS, a proximal aortogram demonstrated a left aortic sinus of valsalva (LASV) aneurysm. Subsequntly, a novel and successful RFA strategy of aneurysm isolation was undertaken. The presence of multiple clinical or inducible VT morphologies and the characterization of a VT as re-entrant should raise concerns that a complex arrhythmogenic substrate is present and defining the anatomy with angiography or an alternative imaging modality is essential in achieving a successful ablation strategy.

A rare case of single right coronary artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva with severe three-vessel disease

A 63-year-old man was admitted to our observation unit with atypical angina found to be non-adherent with his an- ti-hypertensive medication regimen for one month. His medical history was notable for hypertension for ten years and current tobacco smoking. He was hypertensive with otherwise, stable vital signs. Cardiac auscultation revealed normal S1 and $2 without a murmur.

Computed tomography scans of paranasal sinuses before functional endoscopic sinus surgery

This review aims to familiarize the radiologist with the common types of sinus surgery including their indications and techniques.We also illustrate how surgeons interpret 3D sinus anatomy when evaluating computed tomography(CT)studies.Preoperative evaluation by CT is mandatory for all patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery(FESS).In the past decade in particular,CT of the paranasal sinuses has become a roadmap for FESS.The radiologist's goal is to report on five key points:the extent of sinus opacification,opacification of sinus drainage pathways,anatomical variants,critical variants,and condition of surrounding soft tissues of the neck,brain and orbits.We present a systematic approach to the use of coronal,axial,and sagittal images in CT evaluation before FESS.

Evaluation of anatomical considerations in the posterior maxillae for sinus augmentation

The edentulous posterior maxilla is considered a clinical challenge during dental implant treatment for many dental practitioners. This is because its insufficient bone quality, deficient alveolar ridge, spiny ridges, undercuts, and sinus pneumatization are often encountered after tooth loss. To overcome these problems, several approaches have been developed and are currently used, including sinus augmentation and bone augmentation. Today, two main procedures of sinus floor elevation for dental implant placement are in use: a two-stage technique using the lateral window approach, and a onestage technique using a lateral or a crestal approach. In this study, we deal with the anatomic relations ofthe structures of the maxillary sinus during sinus augmentation. These anatomical findings can help in complications and potential injuries of the maxillary sinus procedures. It can be suggested that pre-operative evaluation is helpful for diagnosis and treatment planning and minimizing complication during the surgery.

A Study of Cardiac Profile in Patients with Snake Envenomation and Its Complications

Background: Snake bite is a common and frequently devastating environmental and occupational disease, especially in rural areas of tropical developing countries. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect on cardiac profile in patients with snake envenomation and its complications. Methods: A total of 200 patients with snake envenomation were enrolled in this study excluding patients having history of any cardiovascular disease, renal disease, coagulopathy, liver disease, neuromuscular disease and those cases who bitten by non-poisonous snakes. All patients underwent physical examination, laboratory, Electrocardiogram (ECG), X-ray of chest and echocardiogram investigations. Results: A total of 200 cases had envenomation having 116 (58%) of male subjects. Most common local signs were edema 187 (93.5%), tenderness 141 (70.5%), skin necrosis 81 (40.5%) and blistering 12 (6%). Severity of local envenomation was graded into mild 66 (33%), moderate 120 (60%) and severe 14 (7%) cases. Systemic manifestations were present in 83 patients of venomous bites. It includes that majorly 53 (26.5%) cases had vomiting, 44 (22%) cases had abdominal pain and 9 (4.5%) cases of hypotension. ECG manifestation showed 27 (13.5%), 6 (3%) and 1 (0.5%) patients had sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia and ventricular tachycardia respectively. While, 9 (4.5%) cases had T inversion alone in precordial leads. Mortality (3%) was observed in intracranial bleed, neurotoxicity and capillary leak syndrome. However, cardiovascular involvement was not responsible for mortality in any cases. Conclusion: In conclusion, ventricular tachycardia is one of the manifestations of snake envenomation. Moreover, sinus tachycardia is common cardiovascular sign which may not be due to cardiac causes. Mortality results conclude that, cardiovascular involvement could not be responsible for mortality in snake envenomation.

Chest Pain on Exertion: Origin of the Right Coronary Artery from the Left Coronary Sinus, through the Aortic Pulmonary Sulcus with Squeezed, or Anterior Descending Branch Borderline Coronary Lesion?

The prognosis of patients in whom the right coronary artery (RCA) arises from the left coronary sinus (LCS) is unequal. An initial intramural course of the coronary artery within the aortic media is considered to cause myocardial ischemia in cases of coronary anomalies. In this case report, we present one patient admitted due to chest pain on exertion that suggested angina. Her only risk factor for coronary artery disease was hypertension. Clinical examination findings that the origin of the right coronary artery from the LCS, through the aortic pulmonary sulcus with atherosclerotic narrowing and squeezed of the RCA critical ostial, stenosis at the ostium of the RCA and the middle of left anterior descending (LAD) coronary, intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) showed LAD and RCA minimal lumen area were 3.9 mm2, 5.9 mm2;plaque burden 66%, 65% respectively. We inserted EXCEL 3.0 × 18 mm stent in LAD stenosis. No complaints and adverse events were noticed during a 1-year follow-up.

Orbital Injury in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Sinonasal Inflammatory Disorders: Juntendo’s Ten-Year Experience

Orbital injury and complications are commonly encountered in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) despite advances in techniques and instrumentation. For the recent 10 years, we summarized the experience of the rhinology unit of our department regarding orbital injury and complications of ESS for sinonasal inflammatory disorders. One thousand seventy-three patients (1869 sides) from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2012 undergoing ESS for sinonasal inflammatory diseases were enrolled in the present study. The age of the patients ranged from 8 to 81 years, mean age 49 years. Orbital injury and complications were observed in 13 patients (13 sides), which corresponded to 0.7% of the operated sides and 1.2% of the patients. Eight patients showed herniation of orbital fat alone through the injury of the lamina papyracea. The protruding orbital fat was snipped and cut using forceps in 2 patients. Removal of exposed orbital fat using powered instruments was performed in 3 patients, two of whom transiently showed periorbital edema postoperatively. No permanent complications were observed. Meticulous preoperative and perioperative planning is critical to prevent orbital complications. Especially, exposure of the periorbit and herniation of orbital fat after lamina injury with powered instrumentation dramatically increases the potential for more severe complications.

Complication of interventional treatment:noncoronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm ruptured into the right atrium

Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is a rare cardiac anomaly thought to be caused by a deficiency of fusion of the aorta＇s media with the aortic valve＇s annulus fibrosis, or by actual detachment. It is usually congenital but less commonly associated with endocarditis, atherosclerosis, trauma, syphilis, or aortic dissection. Since the first report in the mid-eighteenth century, sinus of Valsalva aneurysm has been described increasingly. The estimated prevalence of the disease is about 1% in patients undergoing open-heart surgery, and the morbidity is higher in the oriental than in Western population.

鸡胚半月瓣Valsalva窦的形态发生

用光镜和扫描电镜方法,观察鸡胚半月瓣Valsalva窦的形态发生过程。按鸡胚发育的H-H分期法,窦发生开始于第30期,至第34期已基本形成。在形成过程中,瓣膜心室面和动脉面的内皮细胞有明显差异;瓣膜内的间充质在不同的部位疏密分布不均,与内皮细胞的形态有对应关系。本研究表明,Valsalva窦的形成,不仅与瓣膜动脉面的内皮细胞向深部的间充质生长有关,而且与间充质疏松并形成一些腔隙有密切联系。

自发性海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘多途径血管内治疗进展

自发性海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘(SCS-DAVF)是瘘口在海绵窦及周围的硬脑膜壁的硬脑膜动静脉短路,血管内治疗以栓塞共同流出道海绵窦及引流静脉为主,疗效确切。本文针对其临床表现、动静脉途径塞策略、并发症等最新进展进行综述。

Surgery for sinus of Valsalva aneurysm： 33-year of a single center experience

Background Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm （SVA） is a rare anomaly and few large or long-term series are well established.This study was designed to review 33-year surgical experience of SVA in one center.Methods From August 1980 to December 2013,patients with SVA underwent surgical repair were retrospectively studied.Results A total of 160 patients were identified with mean age of （30±12） years and 112 （70％） of them were males.The right coronary sinus origin of SVA was found in 108 patients （67.5％）,the non-coronary sinus in 51 patients （31.9％）,and the left coronary sinus in one patient （0.6％）.The rupture of 3VA into the right ventricle was identified in 89 （55.6％） cases,the right atrium in 61 （38.1％）,the left ventricle in 2 （1.3％） and no rupture in 8 （5.0％）.Ventricular septal defect （VSD） and aortic regurgitation （AR） were found in 59 （37％） and 45 （28％） patients respectively.An approach via the involved chamber was used in 86 patients （54％）,aortotomy in 8 （5％）,and a combined approach in 66 （41％）.Either direct suture （56,35％） or patch （104,65％） closure were used to repair the SVA.The VSD was closed with a patch （44/59,75％） or direct suture （15/59,25％）.aortic valve replacement （AVR） was performed in 23/45 （51％） and aortic valvuloplasty （AVP） in 9/45 （20％） patients combined with AR.There were 3 hospital deaths （1.9％） and 2 late deaths and 84％ of the patients were followed up for （17.6±4.2） years.New York Heart Association functional class improved significantly after surgery （P＜0.01）.Actuarial survival was 94％ at 10 years,and 88％ at 20 years.Conclusions Surgical treatment of SVA is safe and effective,ruptured SVA or unruptured SVA with VSD and/or AR should be repaired surgically as early as possible.However,late progressive AR is still a risk during long-term follow-up,and early aggressive measures are recommended.These include more use of a combined approach to achieve optimal evaluation of lesions,more patch repairs to reduce the chance of recurrence,and more AVR in patients with moderate to severe AR.

穿牙槽嵴上颌窦底提升并发症的相关因素分析

在上颌后牙区骨量不足的情况下,上颌窦底内提升是增加种植所需骨量的一种较为常见且安全有效的方法,但是这项技术也可能会导致多种术中及术后并发症,需要临床医生关注多种危险因素,尽量降低并发症发生的概率。本文旨在探讨上颌窦底内提并发症的相关危险因素,将其分为术中和术后并发症两大类详细讨论。术中并发症中最常见的为上颌窦底黏骨膜穿孔和种植体异位进入上颌窦。术后并发症中较为值得关注的是上颌窦术后感染和上颌窦炎、术后植入物移位以及良性阵发性位置性眩晕等。针对以上并发症,本文对其危险因素做出详细的阐述,希望有助于临床医生在临床上更加安全有效地运用上颌窦底内提升。

Outcome of surgery for sinus of Valsalva aneurysm with discrete membranous subaortic stenosis

Background Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm （SVA） is a rare cardiac anomaly, and SVA with discrete membranous subaortic stenosis is even rarer. The aim of the study was to make sure the incidence of SVA with discrete membraneous subaortic stenosis in SVA and their surgical results. We retrospectively analyzed 234 patients receiving surgical repair of SVA and reported the incidence of ventricular septal defect, aortic regurgitation, and discrete membranous subaortic stenosis. We also reported seven cases of SVA combined with discrete membranous subaortic stenosis and their surgical results.Methods Between January 1999 and December 2009, seven patients of SVA with discrete membranous subaortic stenosis underwent surgical repair of SVA and resection of subaortic discrete membrane. There were six male and one female patients. The mean age was （33.71±13.25） years （range 16–52 years）. Associated cardiovascular lesions were aortic regurgitation （n=7）, ventricular septal defect （n=5）, coarctation of aorta （n=1）, bicuspid aortic valve （n=1）, patent ductus arteriosus （n=1）, and aortic valve stenosis （n=1）. The aortic valve was replaced in four patients and valvuloplasty was done in three. The other co-existing anomalies were corrected at the same time. All the seven patients were followed up from 18 to 125 months （mean （63.14±39.54） months）. Among 234 SVA patients who underwent surgical repair, the number of cases with coexisting ventricular septal defect, aortic regurgitation, and discrete membranous subaortic stenosis was 129, 108, and 7, respectively.Results There was neither early death after operation nor late death during the follow-up period. All the seven patients were in the New York Heart Association （NYHA） functional classes I and II. There was no recurrence of discrete subaortic membrane during the follow-up period. The incidence of ventricular septal defect, aortic valve incompetence, and discrete membranous subaortic stenosis among 234 SVA patients was 55.13%, 46.15%, and 2.99%, respectively.Conclusions Surgical repair of SVA with discrete membranous subaortic stenosis showed good mid-term results. Resection of discrete subaortic membrane should be done actively while repairing SVAs. Long-term results need to be followed up.

创优护理服务在先天性梨状窝瘘患儿中的实施与效果

目的观察创优护理服务在先天性梨状窝瘘患儿中的实施与效果。方法选择2020年1月—2022年12月收治于医院的先天性梨状窝瘘学龄前患儿68例为观察对象,按照组间基本特征具有可比性的原则将患儿分为观察组和对照组各34例,对照组遵循先天性梨状窝瘘内镜术常规式护理法施护,观察组于对照组基础上实施创优护理服务,对两组干预后健康管理知信行评分、疼痛评分、术后不适应行为阳性率、术后并发症总发生率进行比较。结果观察组患儿术后3个时间节点的疼痛评分分别为2.29±0.46分、2.56±0.75分、1.68±0.47分,低于对照组的3.35±0.49分、3.71±0.76分、2.41±0.61分;观察组患儿术后无不适应行为,低于对照组的17.65%;观察组患儿术后并发症总发生率为2.94%,低于对照组的23.53%;观察组家长健康管理知信行评分分别为9.29±0.58分、9.41±0.50分、9.38±0.49分,高于对照组的5.91±0.83分、5.97±0.90分、5.32±1.15分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将创优护理服务应用于先天性梨状窝瘘术学龄前患儿中,利于其术后疼痛度、不适应行为阳性率、并发症发生率的降低,可提升其家长的健康管理知信行水平。

Aneurysmal dilatation of the aortic sinuses of Valsalva -- beyond Marfan syndrome： a single centre experience and review of the literature

Aneurysmal dilatation of the aortic sinuses of Valsalva has been most extensively documented in the setting of aortopathies, particularly Marfan syndrome. On the other hand, there is limited data in the literature about congenital sinus of Valsalva aneurysms outside this context. For the purpose of this review, we carried out a literature search on aneurysmal dilatation of the sinuses of Valsalva in Marfan syndrome, and compared this with congenital sinus of Valsaiva aneurysms, also including data from a case series from our institution. In conclusion, there are differences in management of aortic dilatation in Marfan syndrome and congenital sinus of Valsalva aneurysms. Though less weil-recognised, congenital aneurysms are often associated with significant morbidity and mortality and timely intervention is necessary.

鼻内镜手术联合全降解鼻窦药物支架植入治疗慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉的效果

目的:观察鼻内镜手术联合全降解鼻窦药物支架植入治疗慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)伴鼻息肉的效果。方法:选取2022年2月—2023年2月东莞东华医院收治的70例CRS伴鼻息肉患者。根据随机数表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各35例。对照组给予鼻内镜手术联合布地奈德治疗,观察组给予鼻内镜手术联合全降解鼻窦药物支架植入治疗。比较两组时间指标,治疗前和术后1个月鼻窦炎症情况、鼻腔情况及并发症。结果:观察组鼻腔恢复通气时间、鼻黏膜恢复时间及住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1个月,两组鼻窦CT Lund-Mackay评分及息肉、水肿、鼻腔分泌物等鼻内镜Lund-Kennedy评分均降低,观察组鼻窦CT Lund-Mackay评分及息肉、水肿、鼻腔分泌物、瘢痕/结痂等鼻内镜Lund-Kennedy评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率高于对照组,复发率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:鼻内镜手术联合全降解鼻窦药物支架植入治疗CRS伴鼻息肉患者的效果显著,可明显改善鼻部相关症状及鼻窦CT、鼻内镜评分,加快术后恢复,减少术后并发症发生及远期复发。