The paper explores the possibility of estimating the horizontal scale of fluctuation(δ_h) with limited CPTs.The following conditions are desirable:(1) the CPT depth is large;(2) there are more than two CPTs;(3)the CP...The paper explores the possibility of estimating the horizontal scale of fluctuation(δ_h) with limited CPTs.The following conditions are desirable:(1) the CPT depth is large;(2) there are more than two CPTs;(3)the CPT separation distances are distinct and preferably less than 2×δ_h; and(4) the Whittle-Matern auto-correlation model is adopted.展开更多
This article establishes a set of indicators and standards for landscape ecological sensitivity analysis of site resources by using the theories and approaches of landscape ecology. It uses landscape diversity index(H...This article establishes a set of indicators and standards for landscape ecological sensitivity analysis of site resources by using the theories and approaches of landscape ecology. It uses landscape diversity index(H), evenness(E), natural degree(N), contrast degree(C) to study spatial structure and landscape heterogeneity of site resources and thus provides a qualitative-quantitative evaluation method for land planning and management of small, medium scale areas. The analysis of Yantian District, Shenzhen of China showed that Wutong Mountain belonged to high landscape ecological sensitivity area, Sanzhoutian Reservoir and Shangping Reservoir were medium landscape sensitivity area and high ecological sensitivity area; Dameisha and Xiaomeisha belonged to medium sensitivity area caused by the decline of natural ecological areas. Shatoujiao, Yantian Pier belonged to low sensitivity area but urban landscape ecological development had reshaped and influenced their landscape ecological roles in a great extent. Suggestions on planning, protection goals and development intensity of each site or district were raised.展开更多
Remote sensing and on-site measurement are used to determine the heat environment within a community,and are compared the differences for heat analysis. The two methods perform differently for various underlying surfa...Remote sensing and on-site measurement are used to determine the heat environment within a community,and are compared the differences for heat analysis. The two methods perform differently for various underlying surfaces. The individual methods can detect different aspects of the heat environment,which used in combination are useful for heat island research. The differences in estimated air and surface temperatures are smaller in open space and more obvious for vegetated surfaces. Ventilation does not affect the difference between air and surface temperature in open areas,and the vegetation surface and shading moderates surface temperature more effectively than the water surface; The forest is a type of underlying surface with heat comfortable,in which the feeling of air temperature is much difference to the structure of heat environment that should be survey and detected separately. The two methods can be used to study different aspects of the heat environment,thus forming a comprehensive approach for planners in urban and rural spaces.展开更多
The p-type Ge doped Fe0.4Co3.6Sb12-xGex skutterudites with multi-scaled impurity dots（500 nm-2 mm） were successfully prepared by using melt-quenching（MQ） and subsequent spark plasma sintering（SPS） technique. Com...The p-type Ge doped Fe0.4Co3.6Sb12-xGex skutterudites with multi-scaled impurity dots（500 nm-2 mm） were successfully prepared by using melt-quenching（MQ） and subsequent spark plasma sintering（SPS） technique. Compared with traditional method, the new technology significantly shortened the processing time from several days to less than 24 hours. The phase of impurity dots was demonstrated to be CoSb through analysis of X-ray diffraction（XRD） and energy-dispersive spectrum（EDS）. Impurity dots were induced by Ge substitution of Sb in the non-equilibrium synthesized process. Due to the abandonment of the long reaction of annealing crystallization, a few of Ge atoms would fail to substitute Sb site of skutterudite in this non-equilibrium synthesized process, leading to that the multi-scaled impurity dots randomly distributed in the matrix of skutterudite Fe0.4Co3.6Sb12-xGex. The combination of multi-scaled impurity dots scattering long wavelength heat-carrying phonons and the point defect scattering short and middle wavelength heat-carrying phonons dramatically made the 22.2% reduction of lattice thermal conductivity. As a result, compared with unsubstituted sample of Fe0.4Co3.6Sb12, the maximum ZT value was increased by 30.5%. Thus, the two marked features of this new synthesis process, the shortened preparation time and the enhanced thermoelectric performance, would make a promising commercial application in the future.展开更多
The spatial distribution of wind speed varies greatly over steep complex terrain, thus the selection of an optimal site in such terrain for wind turbine construction requires great care. We have developed a numerical ...The spatial distribution of wind speed varies greatly over steep complex terrain, thus the selection of an optimal site in such terrain for wind turbine construction requires great care. We have developed a numerical model for simulating unsteady flows called RIAM-COMPACT (Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, COM putational Prediction of Airflow over Complex Terrain), which is based on the LES (Large-Eddy Simulation) technique. The computational domain of RIAM-COMPACT can be varied from several meters to several kilometers, and the model is able to predict airflow over complex terrain with high accuracy. The present paper discusses the application of RIAM-COMPACT to the micro-siting of wind turbines at sites outside Japan. The results from two case studies will be presented.展开更多
基金support from Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan(Grant ID 106-2221-E-002-084-MY3)
文摘The paper explores the possibility of estimating the horizontal scale of fluctuation(δ_h) with limited CPTs.The following conditions are desirable:(1) the CPT depth is large;(2) there are more than two CPTs;(3)the CPT separation distances are distinct and preferably less than 2×δ_h; and(4) the Whittle-Matern auto-correlation model is adopted.
文摘This article establishes a set of indicators and standards for landscape ecological sensitivity analysis of site resources by using the theories and approaches of landscape ecology. It uses landscape diversity index(H), evenness(E), natural degree(N), contrast degree(C) to study spatial structure and landscape heterogeneity of site resources and thus provides a qualitative-quantitative evaluation method for land planning and management of small, medium scale areas. The analysis of Yantian District, Shenzhen of China showed that Wutong Mountain belonged to high landscape ecological sensitivity area, Sanzhoutian Reservoir and Shangping Reservoir were medium landscape sensitivity area and high ecological sensitivity area; Dameisha and Xiaomeisha belonged to medium sensitivity area caused by the decline of natural ecological areas. Shatoujiao, Yantian Pier belonged to low sensitivity area but urban landscape ecological development had reshaped and influenced their landscape ecological roles in a great extent. Suggestions on planning, protection goals and development intensity of each site or district were raised.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51208389)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities+1 种基金the State Key Lab of Subtropical Building Science,South China University of Technology(Grant No.2010ZA01)the "Eleven-Five" Science and Technology Supporting Project in China
文摘Remote sensing and on-site measurement are used to determine the heat environment within a community,and are compared the differences for heat analysis. The two methods perform differently for various underlying surfaces. The individual methods can detect different aspects of the heat environment,which used in combination are useful for heat island research. The differences in estimated air and surface temperatures are smaller in open space and more obvious for vegetated surfaces. Ventilation does not affect the difference between air and surface temperature in open areas,and the vegetation surface and shading moderates surface temperature more effectively than the water surface; The forest is a type of underlying surface with heat comfortable,in which the feeling of air temperature is much difference to the structure of heat environment that should be survey and detected separately. The two methods can be used to study different aspects of the heat environment,thus forming a comprehensive approach for planners in urban and rural spaces.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.5137218 and 51521001)the 111 Project(B13035)+4 种基金the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(2014DFA53090)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(2016CFA006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:2017II43GX,2017III032,2017-YB-004)the Science Challenge Project(No.TZ2016001)the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing(WUT,No:2017-KF-5)
文摘The p-type Ge doped Fe0.4Co3.6Sb12-xGex skutterudites with multi-scaled impurity dots（500 nm-2 mm） were successfully prepared by using melt-quenching（MQ） and subsequent spark plasma sintering（SPS） technique. Compared with traditional method, the new technology significantly shortened the processing time from several days to less than 24 hours. The phase of impurity dots was demonstrated to be CoSb through analysis of X-ray diffraction（XRD） and energy-dispersive spectrum（EDS）. Impurity dots were induced by Ge substitution of Sb in the non-equilibrium synthesized process. Due to the abandonment of the long reaction of annealing crystallization, a few of Ge atoms would fail to substitute Sb site of skutterudite in this non-equilibrium synthesized process, leading to that the multi-scaled impurity dots randomly distributed in the matrix of skutterudite Fe0.4Co3.6Sb12-xGex. The combination of multi-scaled impurity dots scattering long wavelength heat-carrying phonons and the point defect scattering short and middle wavelength heat-carrying phonons dramatically made the 22.2% reduction of lattice thermal conductivity. As a result, compared with unsubstituted sample of Fe0.4Co3.6Sb12, the maximum ZT value was increased by 30.5%. Thus, the two marked features of this new synthesis process, the shortened preparation time and the enhanced thermoelectric performance, would make a promising commercial application in the future.
文摘The spatial distribution of wind speed varies greatly over steep complex terrain, thus the selection of an optimal site in such terrain for wind turbine construction requires great care. We have developed a numerical model for simulating unsteady flows called RIAM-COMPACT (Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, COM putational Prediction of Airflow over Complex Terrain), which is based on the LES (Large-Eddy Simulation) technique. The computational domain of RIAM-COMPACT can be varied from several meters to several kilometers, and the model is able to predict airflow over complex terrain with high accuracy. The present paper discusses the application of RIAM-COMPACT to the micro-siting of wind turbines at sites outside Japan. The results from two case studies will be presented.
