Evaluation of nest site preferences of a nest dismantler,the Hair-crested Drongo(Dicrurus hottentottus) in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve of central China

Background:The Hair-crested Drongo(Dicrurus hottentottus) exhibits a unique nest-dismantling behavior after the fledging of the young.One hypothesis explaining this behavior is dismantling one's own nest may reduce potential competition for nest sites in the following breeding season because suitable breeding habitat might be limited,and sites are often reused.Methods:By comparing the habitat features at nest and random locations,we determined the nest habitat preference of the Hair-crested Drongo within Dongzhai National Nature Reserve,Henan,China.We also compared habitat features with nesting success to determine if any trends could be detected.Results:We found that nest tree height,diameter at breast height,live crown ratio,tree rank,and presence of overstory were significantly higher at nesting locations than random locations;slope,leaf litter cover percentage and depth,presence of understory and midstory,and number of trees per hectare were significantly lower at nest sites than random sites.Drongos preferred to use some tree species,such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides,Castanea mollissima,and Pterocarya stenoptera for nesting.Failed nests were often associated with habitat with higher percentage of leaf litter on the ground.Conclusion:Our data support that selection of nest sites does occur for this species at this site and therefore support the hypothesis that breeding habitat limitation could be one of the driving forces for the development of the nestdismantling behavior in this species.

Nest-site selection pattern of Grus japonensis in Zhalong Nature Reserve of northeast China

Nest-site selection patterns of Red-crowned cranes（Grus japonensis） and the effects of environmental variables were studied during the years of 2002-2008 in Zhalong Nature Reserve,Qiqihar city,northeast China.The nest-site selection pattern of Red-crowned cranes included two orders and three choices：the choice of nest-site habitat type within the macro-habitat order,nest zone selection and nest-site micro-habitat selection within the micro-habitat order.Various habitats（such as Carex swamps and reed fire districts） can be selected as the nest sites for Red-crowned cranes,of which reed swamps（93.15%） are given a preference.Factor Analysis reveals that the micro-habitat selection are affected by four main factors：fire,security（concealment /disturbance）,incubation（conditions,nest-material）,and food.Further analysis reveals that Red-crowned cranes have certain adaptability to the changes of nesting habitat quality in the Zhalong wetlands.In conclusion,fire,reeds,and water were the most important variables for nest-site habitat selection of Red-crowned Cranes in Zhalong Nature Reserve.

A Novel 6G Scalable Blockchain Clustering-Based Computer Vision Character Detection for Mobile Images

6G is envisioned as the next generation of wireless communication technology,promising unprecedented data speeds,ultra-low Latency,and ubiquitous Connectivity.In tandem with these advancements,blockchain technology is leveraged to enhance computer vision applications’security,trustworthiness,and transparency.With the widespread use of mobile devices equipped with cameras,the ability to capture and recognize Chinese characters in natural scenes has become increasingly important.Blockchain can facilitate privacy-preserving mechanisms in applications where privacy is paramount,such as facial recognition or personal healthcare monitoring.Users can control their visual data and grant or revoke access as needed.Recognizing Chinese characters from images can provide convenience in various aspects of people’s lives.However,traditional Chinese character text recognition methods often need higher accuracy,leading to recognition failures or incorrect character identification.In contrast,computer vision technologies have significantly improved image recognition accuracy.This paper proposed a Secure end-to-end recognition system(SE2ERS)for Chinese characters in natural scenes based on convolutional neural networks(CNN)using 6G technology.The proposed SE2ERS model uses the Weighted Hyperbolic Curve Cryptograph(WHCC)of the secure data transmission in the 6G network with the blockchain model.The data transmission within the computer vision system,with a 6G gradient directional histogram(GDH),is employed for character estimation.With the deployment of WHCC and GDH in the constructed SE2ERS model,secure communication is achieved for the data transmission with the 6G network.The proposed SE2ERS compares the performance of traditional Chinese text recognition methods and data transmission environment with 6G communication.Experimental results demonstrate that SE2ERS achieves an average recognition accuracy of 88%for simple Chinese characters,compared to 81.2%with traditional methods.For complex Chinese characters,the average recognition accuracy improves to 84.4%with our system,compared to 72.8%with traditional methods.Additionally,deploying the WHCC model improves data security with the increased data encryption rate complexity of∼12&higher than the traditional techniques.

Vertical root distribution characters of Robinia pseudoacacia on the Loess Plateau in China

On the Loess Plateau, water is the main limiting factors for vegetation growth. Root distribution characters have special ecological meaning as it reflected the utilizations of trees to the environments. Even-aged stands ofRobinia pseudoacacia on slope lands facing south and north were selected as sampling plots for root distribution investigation. Investigatiing results showed that indicated that on all sites, root biomass decreased with depth, and the distribution depth of fine root was deeper than that of coarser root. The results of variance analysis indicated that there were great differences in root biomass among different diameter classes, and coarser root was the main sources of variance, and the root biomass, especially fine root (?<3mm) biomass on northern exposition sites was bigger than that on southern exposition sites. Analysis of the vertical root distribution parameters, root extinction coefficient, β indicated that the value of β on northern exposition was more than 0.982, while the value of β on southern exposition was less than 0.982, which indicated that the vertical root distribution depth ofRobinia pseudoacacia on southern exposition was deeper than that on southern exposition. And the distribution depth of fine roots (Φ<1mm) was deeper than that of thicker roots(Φ<3mm), which was in favor of the uptake of water and nutrients from deeper layers, helped the trees to adapt the arid environment, and promoted the growth of the upper parts of the tree. Keywords Root diameter classes - Variance analysis - Root extinction coefficient - Vertical distribution characters - Site conditions - Loess Plateau CLC number S792.27.01 Document code A Foundation Item: This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30371150 and 40371075).Biography: LI Peng (1974-) male, post: Ph. D. in Northwest Scientific & Technological University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China. Tel: 029-82312651.Responsible editor: Chai Ruihal

A Character Analysis of Jeremiah Donovan in "Guests of the Nation"

It is the war that distorts and reshapes human mind.Donovan knew the nature of the war better than other characters.He distinguished the line between the human nature and the duty very clearly,he was not a cold blooded executor;instead,Donovan was understandable and considerate,he suffered the conflicts between personal feelings and national interests,sense of guilt and sense of duty.Jeremiah Donovan was a victim of the war.

Study on Site-Based Cost Systemand the Division of Cost Sites in Coal Mines of China

The method on accounting the site-based cost was erected in this paper. It is well adapted to the actual production characters of China’s coal industry. The principle and detailed method of determining the boundaries among costing sites were put forward. The code structure with 7-digit number of the costing sites was also introduced. The accounting method of the site-based cost and the principle of designing the spatial characters database were expounded at the same time.

Influence of site selection on natural ventilation in Chinese traditional folk house

The relationship between the site selection of a hilly terrain and the natural ventilation of the Dangdamen building complex,which is a traditional folk house,is revealed by a computational fluid dynamics（CFD）simulation.The wind press and speed distributions around the building in four cases with different weather conditions and topographies are simulated.The simulation results show that a hill can reduce the absolute values of the wind pressure at the windward and leeward sides of the building.The encouraging effect of the patio on the natural ventilation in a terrain with a hill is greater than that without a hill.The same situation occurs when comparing the patio effects between summer and winter.The wind speed around the building can be reduced by the hill as it is an obstacle and the degrees of the influence of the hill in summer and in winter are quite different because of different wind directions.The analysis results show that this kind of site selection,with the hill to the north,is a suitable way to settle the conflict of the natural ventilation requirements in summer and in winter under subtropical climate conditions,especially in houses with patios.

Study on Mosuo's Sacred Natural Sites of Mountainous Forest and Protection of Biological Diversity in Yongning-Lugu Lake Area

With Mosuo's sacred natural sites of mountainous forest in Yongning-Lugu Lake area as the research subject,by using the method of ecology,the vegetation type in this area was initially identified.The control sample plot of the same vegetation type at similar altitude and in similar soil condition would be selected and compared with the sample plot in sacred natural sites at length,so as to quantitatively analyze the protection of biological diversity in the perspective of ecological system.It showed that under the circumstance of the damage of ecological environment,complete natural vertical pattern was preserved thanks to sacred natural sites of mountainous forest established by reason of traditional religion and culture.The results of research and quantitative analysis showed that compared with the control sample plot of the same vegetation type,sacred natural sites were high in biological diversity and the species composition of plant community in sacred natural sites was closer to that of primitive forest.The result of quantitative analysis also indicated that sacred natural sites played a remarkable role in protecting vegetation and this protective function became more remarkable if the altitude was higher.And human were reminded to pay close attention to the preservation and protection function of sacred natural sites to natural ecological system at high altitude.

Nest predators, nest-site selection and nest success of the Emei Shan Liocichla(Liocichla omeiensis), a vulnerable babbler endemic to southwestern China

Background: The Emei Shan Liocichla(Liocichla omeiensis) is a globally vulnerable babbler, endemic to southwestern China. We investigated its nest predators, nest-site selection and nest success at the Laojunshan National Nature Reserve in Sichuan, China in order to identify the precise nesting-habitat requirements of the species, and to test whether the nest-site-selection cues, preferred by the Emei Shan Liocichla, are positively associated with nest success.Methods: We used infrared cameras to determine nest predators. We compared the microhabitat attributes between nest and random sites, as well as successful and failed nests. We used Binary Logistic Regression to determine the most important variables affecting nest-site selection of the Emei Shan Liocichla. We used the nest survival analysis in Program MARK to estimate daily nest survival rates(DSR). Nest success was calculated using the Mayfield method.Results: In total 56 nests were found. The DSR for all nests that contained at least one egg was 0.9564 ± 0.0091(95 % CI 0.9346–0.9711)(n = 40), while the total nest success was 27.5 %. We identified four categories of predators in 10 nest predation events, i.e. squirrels(n = 5), snakes(n = 3), raptors(n = 1) and wasps(n = 1). We found that:(1) nest predation was the primary reason for nest failure of the Emei Shan Liocichla,(2) tree cover, bamboo cover, liana abundance and distance to forest edge or gap were the most important variables affecting nest-site selection of this species, and(3) the nest-site-selection variables we measured appeared not to be positively associated with nest success.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the Emei Shan Liocichla tended to select nest sites near forest edges or gaps with good concealment and that nest-site selection by this species was nonrandom but not necessarily adaptive. Reducing forest-edge development and protecting bamboo stands should be effective for conservation of this species.

Nature，Common Character and Characteristics of Economic Transition in East European and Central Asian Countries

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Study on the quality of site in the mining district gangue of abandoned place

Being as an example of Fuxin, gangue abandoned place was classified gangue hill and dump. It was built 68 piece of temporary standard fields, which physical and chemical character of soil were researched and analyzed. The quality of district site was estimated, and five type abandoned place were gotten. Stopping draining cash less than 7 a and draining cash gangue hill was regarded as I gangue hill. Stopping draining gangue age limit 7-15 a and herbage abundance being COlp level was regarded as II gangue hill. Stopping draining gangue age limit 15-25 a and herbage abundance CO2p level was regarded as III gangue hill. Stopping draining cash gangue age limit over 25 a and herbage abundance CO3p level was regarded as IV gangue hill. Dump being formed the underground layer dug up and stacked in the course of mining was regarded asVgangue hill. The results show that every typical abandoned place can plant vegetable.

Selection of Night Roosting-Sites for Blue-Eared Pheasants in Breeding Season

[ Objective] To represent characteristics of roosting-sites of blue-eared pheasant （ Crossoptilon auritum） in breeding season and the fac- tors affecting selection of roosting-sites. [ Method] A total of 32 night roosting-sites of blue-eared pheasants and 45 control sites were selected from the Gahai-Zecha Nature Reserve in Gansu Province in breeding season. Fifteen habitat factors including landform, vegetation and distance were surveyed. Chi-square test and test of significance were conducted. And major environmental factors affecting selection of roosting-sites were deter- mined by principal component analysis. [ Result] As shown by the chi-square analysis, roosting-sites were characterized by sunny slope; steeper slope; higher arbor coverage, arbor height and trunk diameter; and lower shrub coverage, shrub height, grass coverage and grass height. The principal component analysis showed that shrub coverage, shrub height, distance to road, moss coverage and grass height were the key factors for the blue-eared pheasants to choose roosting-sites. [ Conclusion] Blue-eared pheasants usually select coniferous forest on sunny and steeper slope which has many high shrubs as their night roosting-sites.

Sacred Natural Site and Regional Biodiversity Conservation in Xishuangbanna

Xishuangbanna is a multinational region and different ethnic groups have self-owned traditional ways of protecting biodiversity, represented by Dragon Moun-tain and Hil Cemetery, and Temple Forest. As population increases and economy develops, people’s consciousness of traditional culture is fading and both of the number and area of sacred natural sites underwent changes, undermining the role of sacred natural sites playing in biodiversity protection, especial y for species pro-tection and gene exchange.

On the Causes of Scarlet's Character in Gone with the Wind

Gone With the Wind is a historical fiction novel with vivid descriptions of the Old South,the Civil War and the Recon struction.This is an incredibly well written book about the death of old civilization and the struggles to survive in the new era.It is ultimately the story of one person,Scarlet O'Hara.Scarlet is keeping on changing during the three periods of the novel—her girlhood,the period of the Civil War and the Reconstruction.Through the analysis of the formation and changing of Scarlet’s characters,this paper will make a further elaboration on the Darwinian concept of"survival of the fittest"and feminism.

Performance Analysis of Cross⁃Site Scripting Based on Natural Language Processing

With the acceleration of network communication in the 5G era,the volume of data communication in cyberspace has increased unprecedentedly.The speed of data transmission will accelerate.Subsequently,the security of network communication data becomes more and more serious.Among them,malicious cross⁃site scripting leading to the leakage of user information is very serious.This article uses URL attribute analysis method and YARA rule to process data for cross⁃site scripting based on the long short⁃term memory(LSTM)characteristics of LSTM model.The results show that the LSTM classification model adopted in this paper has higher recall rate and F1⁃score than other machine learning methods,which proves that the method adopted in this paper is feasible.

Study on Site Preparation and Restoration Techniques for Forest Restoration in Mining Tailings of Mariana,Brazil

Ecological restoration in forest ecosystem is a priority in Mariana,Brazil.Thus,we evaluated the effects of passive and active restoration methods through different site preparation techniques by manipulating physical-chemical properties of substrates on tree community coverage in Mariana,Brazil.A total of 48 plots(12×12 m each)were established in two areas along the flood plains with accumulation of tailings.The following treatments were established:(1)planting of native tree seedlings with fertilization(PSf)and(2)without fertilization(PS);(3)direct seeding of native trees with fertilization(SDf)and(4)without fertilization(SD);(5)natural regeneration with fertilization(NRf)and(6)without fertilization(NR).Differences in substrate properties and tree community coverage were evaluated between treatments,the substrate properties and tree community coverage relationship,and main effects of substrate fertility and texture on tree community coverage.There were marked differences in substrate and plant coverage between treatments.On average,the highest plant coverage was found in treatment with fertilization,such as NRf(59,5%)and SDf(48%).However,the treatment with seedling planting(PSf and PS)and NR did not show differences(~37%),while the lowest values were observed in SD(23%).There is a strong relationship between substrate fertility and plant community coverage,with significant positive effects.We observed that the passive and active restoration methods can be complementary in the soil and plant community coverage recovery.

Status quo and Major Causes of Traditional Sacred Natural Sites in Xishuangbanna Prefecture

In the research, sacred natural sites in the areas where Dai people, Hani people, Blang people and Zhuang people live mainly surveyed, covering 819 natural villages, 152 village committees and 31 towns. Presently, the area of sacred natural sites is only 1% of that in 1957 and the reduction of area is mainly caused by concept weakening, population increasing and economic development, as well as historical factors. Hence, it is recommended to strengthen management on sacred natural sites, in terms of formulating village rules or agreements and strengthening promotion.

Character Variable Numeralization Based on Dimension Expanding and its Application on Text Classification

The character variable discrete numeralization destroyed the disorder of character variables. As text classification problem contains more character variable, discrete numeralization approach affects the classification performance of classifiers. In this paper, we propose a character variable numeralization algorithm based on dimension expanding. Firstly, the algorithm computes the number of different values which the character variable takes. Then it replaces the original values with the natural bases in the m-dimensional Euclidean space. Though the algorithm causes a dimension expanding, it reserves the disorder of character variables because the natural bases are no difference in size, so this algorithm is a better character variable numerical processing algorithm. Experiments on text classification data sets show that though the proposed algorithm costs a little more running time, its classification performance is better.

Quantitative method for identifying networks of minimum priority sites for protection of rare and endangered plant species in Guangdong,China

The approaches to enlarge the protected areas are deeply embedded in the conservation planning.In practice,however,even in some sites of top conservation priority,there exist problems of inefficient conservation for lack of funding,to say nothing of assisting all species under threat from the viewpoint of conservationists.Identifying priority sites for conservation and establishing networks of minimum priority sites(NOMPS)are helpful for promoting the transition from number and size oriented,to quality and effectiveness oriented practices of biological conservation,and for realizing the target of biodiversity conservation with the most benefits for the least costs.Based on heuristic algorithm and integer linear programming(ILP),we propose a refined method of heuristic integer linear programming(HILP)for quantitative identification of the NOMPS to protect rare and endangered plant species(REPS)in Guangdong Province,China.The results indicate that there are 19 priority sites which are essential for protecting all of the 107 REPS distributed in 83 sites in Guangdong.These should be the paramount targets of financing and management.Compared with the ILP,which uses minimum number of sites as the only constraint,HILP takes into consideration of the effect of species richness,and is thus more suitable for conservation practices though with a little more number of priority sites selected.It is suggested that ILP and HILP are both effective quantitative methods for identifying NOMPS and can yield important information for decision making,especially when economic factors are constraints for biological conservation.