Purpose:We aim to extend our investigations related to the Relative Intensity of Collaboration(RIC)indicator,by constructing a confidence interval for the obtained values.Design/methodology/approach:We use Mantel-Haen...Purpose:We aim to extend our investigations related to the Relative Intensity of Collaboration(RIC)indicator,by constructing a confidence interval for the obtained values.Design/methodology/approach:We use Mantel-Haenszel statistics as applied recently by Smolinsky,Klingenberg,and Marx.Findings:We obtain confidence intervals for the RIC indicatorResearch limitations:It is not obvious that data obtained from the Web of Science(or any other database)can be considered a random sample.Practical implications:We explain how to calculate confidence intervals.Bibliometric indicators are more often than not presented as precise values instead of an approximation depending on the database and the time of measurement.Our approach presents a suggestion to solve this problem.Originality/value:Our approach combines the statistics of binary categorical data and bibliometric studies of collaboration.展开更多
How do elements originate, how atoms are formed, and what are the laws? According to the unified logic of “Tong Yi Lun Thought”, combined with the elements’ attributes and the atomic composition that have been disc...How do elements originate, how atoms are formed, and what are the laws? According to the unified logic of “Tong Yi Lun Thought”, combined with the elements’ attributes and the atomic composition that have been discovered now, after determining that the mechanism of increasing yang in the atomic system is the increase of proton number, the Bian Zheng relationship among proton, neutron and electron determines that there are only 128 kinds of elements in the atomic system. At the same time, element atoms have corresponding logical relations when they are generated.展开更多
The study investigated the seasonal effects of weather elements on water table fluctuations in drinking wells in Nimikoro and Tankoro Chiefdoms in Kono District, Eastern Sierra Leone. The study specifically determined...The study investigated the seasonal effects of weather elements on water table fluctuations in drinking wells in Nimikoro and Tankoro Chiefdoms in Kono District, Eastern Sierra Leone. The study specifically determined the trends in precipitation, air temperature and relative humidity relative to water table depth and water volume in both manually dug and mechanically drilled water wells in the chiefdoms. The key objective was to provide a clear guide on sustainable well development and operation in the study area and beyond. To do so, the depth of each well was taken and the water table measured. Also, data on key weather elements such as precipitation, air temperature and relative humidity were collected on the 15<sup>th</sup> of every month for a period of one year. The data were analyzed on Excel, SPSS and ArcGIS platforms for monthly and seasonal trends in the time-space fabric. The results showed that the depth to water table was high in the dries (small well water volume) and low in the rains (large well water volume) for both manually dug and mechanically drilled wells. Well water temperature increased as temperature increased during the dry season but decreased as temperature decreased during the rainy season. The study showed that weather elements such as precipitation and temperature had direct impact on groundwater availability. This is critical for groundwater development and management in the study area and in Sierra Leone at large.展开更多
文摘Purpose:We aim to extend our investigations related to the Relative Intensity of Collaboration(RIC)indicator,by constructing a confidence interval for the obtained values.Design/methodology/approach:We use Mantel-Haenszel statistics as applied recently by Smolinsky,Klingenberg,and Marx.Findings:We obtain confidence intervals for the RIC indicatorResearch limitations:It is not obvious that data obtained from the Web of Science(or any other database)can be considered a random sample.Practical implications:We explain how to calculate confidence intervals.Bibliometric indicators are more often than not presented as precise values instead of an approximation depending on the database and the time of measurement.Our approach presents a suggestion to solve this problem.Originality/value:Our approach combines the statistics of binary categorical data and bibliometric studies of collaboration.
文摘How do elements originate, how atoms are formed, and what are the laws? According to the unified logic of “Tong Yi Lun Thought”, combined with the elements’ attributes and the atomic composition that have been discovered now, after determining that the mechanism of increasing yang in the atomic system is the increase of proton number, the Bian Zheng relationship among proton, neutron and electron determines that there are only 128 kinds of elements in the atomic system. At the same time, element atoms have corresponding logical relations when they are generated.
文摘The study investigated the seasonal effects of weather elements on water table fluctuations in drinking wells in Nimikoro and Tankoro Chiefdoms in Kono District, Eastern Sierra Leone. The study specifically determined the trends in precipitation, air temperature and relative humidity relative to water table depth and water volume in both manually dug and mechanically drilled water wells in the chiefdoms. The key objective was to provide a clear guide on sustainable well development and operation in the study area and beyond. To do so, the depth of each well was taken and the water table measured. Also, data on key weather elements such as precipitation, air temperature and relative humidity were collected on the 15<sup>th</sup> of every month for a period of one year. The data were analyzed on Excel, SPSS and ArcGIS platforms for monthly and seasonal trends in the time-space fabric. The results showed that the depth to water table was high in the dries (small well water volume) and low in the rains (large well water volume) for both manually dug and mechanically drilled wells. Well water temperature increased as temperature increased during the dry season but decreased as temperature decreased during the rainy season. The study showed that weather elements such as precipitation and temperature had direct impact on groundwater availability. This is critical for groundwater development and management in the study area and in Sierra Leone at large.
