Flexible Bio-tensegrity Manipulator with Multi-degree of Freedom and Variable Structure

Conventional manipulators with rigid structures and sti ness actuators have poor flexibility,limited obstacle avoidance capability,and constrained workspace.Some developed flexible or soft manipulators in recent years have the characteristics of infinite degrees of freedom,high flexibility,environmental adaptability,and extended manipulation capability.However,these existing manipulators still cannot achieve the shrinking motion and independent control of specified segments like the animals,which hinders their applications.In this paper,a flexible bio-tensegrity manipulator,inspired by the longitudinal and transversal muscles of octopus tentacles,was proposed to mimic the shrinking behavior and achieve the variable motion patterns of each segment.Such proposed manipulator uses the elastic spring as the backbone,which is driven by four cables and has one variable structure mechanism in each segment to achieve the independent control of each segment.The variable structure mechanism innovatively contains seven lock-release states to independently control the bending and shrinking motion of each segment.After the kinematic modeling and analysis,one prototype of such bionic flexible manipulator was built and the open-loop control method was proposed.Some proof-of-concept experiments,including the shrinking motion,bending motion,and variable structure motion,were carried out by controlling the length of four cables and changing the lock-release states of the variable structure mechanism,which validate the feasibility and validity of our proposed prototype.Meanwhile,the experimental results show the flexible manipulator can accomplish the bending and shrinking motion with the relative error less than 6.8%through the simple independent control of each segment using the variable structure mechanism.This proposed manipulator has the features of controllable degree-of-freedom in each segment,which extend their environmental adaptability,and manipulation capability.

OPTIMAL CONTROL OF THE FLEXI-BLE LINK MANIPULATOR WITH CONTROLLABLE LOCAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM

Although flexible manipulators own many potential advantages, one of their major disadvantages is the deterioration of the end-effector accuracy due to the flexibility. Therefore, how to reduce vibration is a significant problem. Inspired by the observation on the motion behaviors of animals, a new idea of decreasing motion deflection of the flexible manipulator is suggested. The concept of controllable local degrees of freedom is proposed and analyzed. By way of optimizing local motion provided by the controllable local degrees of freedom, the end-effector deflection of the flexible manipulator can be effectively decreased through dynamic coupling. The corresponding optimal method for vibration control of the flexible manipulator is put forward. The kinematic simulation is carried ant on a three-link flexible manipulator The corresponding results verify the feasibility of this method.

RESEARCH OF MOVEMENT NAVIGATION BASED ON ASSEMBLY CONSTRAINT RECOGNITION

The requirements and features of virtual assembly movement navigator areanalyzed to help operators flexibly manipulate virtual objects, precisely locate or assemble virtualparts in virtual environment. With the degree-of-freedom analysis, the assembly constrainthierarchical model is constructed and the system's constraints are built dynamically. Thus, allobjects in virtual environment can be located reasonally by the navigator. Moreover, the assemblyconstraint recognition in the process of assembly and movement correction is also discussed.

Synchronous tracking control of 6-DOF hydraulic parallel manipulator using cascade control method

The synchronous tracking control problem of a hydraulic parallel manipulator with six degrees of freedom (DOF) is complicated since the inclusion of hydraulic elements increases the order of the system.To solve this problem,cascade control method with an inner/outer-loop control structure is used,which masks the hydraulic dynamics with the inner-loop so that the designed controller takes into account of both the mechanical dynamics and the hydraulic dynamics of the manipulator.Furthermore,a cross-coupling control approach is introduced to the synchronous tracking control of the manipulator.The position synchronization error is developed by considering motion synchronization between each actuator joint and its adjacent ones based on the synchronous goal.Then,with the feedback of both position error and synchronization error,the tracking is proven to guarantee that both the position errors and synchronization errors asymptotically converge to zero.Moreover,the effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by the experimental results performed with a 6-DOF hydraulic parallel manipulator.

基于神经网络的7-DOF机械臂时间收敛性研究

为解决7自由度(DOF)机械臂在利用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络自适应控制克服外界扰动时出现追踪慢的问题,提出了具有时变约束状态的神经网络自适应控制方案,给出了机械臂动力学方程,由神经网络训练求出权重;设计控制律,建立李雅普诺夫函数方程和不对称项推导其收敛性;利用Simulink仿真,针对时间收敛性分析了角位移、角速度、力矩以及扰动拟合;设计范围参数,以遗传算法(GA)优化。系统仿真结果表明,在保证控制精度的条件下,时间收敛性明显增快。

Trajectory Optimization for 7-Dofs Space Manipulator

The space manipulator is always designed to have 7 degrees of freedom（Dofs）with the consideration of energy limitation,as well as the flexible moving possibility.Therefore,how to plan the trajectory is important to improve the performance of the manipulator.In this paper,the speed of the end effector is configured as a projecting parameter,when a constant acceleration is applied to adjust the velocity.To implement this trajectory planning strategy,an optimization algorithm through the pseudo inverse of Jacobin matrix is designed,which adjusts the weight functions of joints.According to the functional theory,this algorithm is analyzed and the optimal solution is found in numerous sets of planning.A MATLAB simulation platform is established and the results verity the effectiveness of the algorithm.

波长可调的量子点纠缠光源(特邀)

可按需产生纠缠光子对的量子光源是光量子网络中的重要组成部分。半导体量子点可确定性地产生高纠缠保真度的光子对。基于量子点构建量子网络所需的量子中继单元时,需要多个发光波长一致的高质量纠缠光源。然而量子点形貌、组分和应力的不均一性严重限制了基于量子点的量子中继器的可扩展性。国内外研究团队发展了多种量子点生长后调节技术,成功调节量子点精细结构劈裂并通过联合多个调节自由度实现多维度的调节。本文综述了目前联合多个调节自由度实现发光波长和精细结构劈裂均能调控的实验方案,总结了不同方案的调节方法和研究现状,并介绍了将量子点与光学微腔相结合通过Purcell效应能进一步提升纠缠光源的性能。最后,对该领域的未来发展进行展望。

基于ANSYS的工业机械臂结构分析与拓扑优化设计

机械臂的刚度和固有频率对其可靠性有重要影响,需对其进行深入研究。文章对某型六自由度工业机械臂进行建模设计,在ANSYS软件采用有限元分析方法对机械臂在力矩最大的工况下进行静态结构分析和模态分析,验证其刚度和固有频率是否符合要求。进一步采用拓扑优化方法对大臂进行优化,然后对大臂进行模型重构,导入到整个机械臂中进行结构分析与模态分析,比较优化前后机械臂的性能差异,验证了改良后机械臂的可靠性,实现轻量化目标,为后续生产提供参考依据。

液压驱动型六轴机械臂运动学研究

针对煤矿工作环境的复杂性和不确定性,提出一种新型6自由度液压驱动串联机械臂,使其具备结构轻量化、控制精准化、操作简易化等特点。首先,以6自由度串联机械臂为研究对象,建立其运动学模型,推导运动学正、逆解;其次,利用极值理论和蒙特卡洛算法求解末端夹爪的工作空间,证明所设计的串联机械臂有效性;最后,选取机械臂运行的典型轨迹,使用不同的插值策略对机械臂运行的角度、角速度和角加速度进行对比分析。结果表明:6自由度液压驱动机械臂末端夹爪在五次多项式插值策略下运行平稳且连续,没有出现突变现象,可减小整机运行的柔性冲击,提升整机的使用寿命。

球面2-DOF冗余驱动并联机器人静力学全解

以球面2-DOF冗余驱动并联机器人为研究对象,在考虑构件弹性的情况下,采用传统的拆杆法建立机构的静力学平衡方程,利用积分法求出各杆件变形,再运用小变形叠加原理建立机构的变形补充协调方程,共得到42个方程,但该机构为冗余机构,共有43个未知数,为此采用输入力优化方法,得到该机构静力学全解。通过数值算例,绘制输出轴在外载荷作用下沿给定轨迹的受力图。研究为该机构在工程中的结构设计与应用提供了静力学理论基础。

微创外科多自由度柔性超声手术刀研究进展

超声手术刀作为一种广泛应用的高效精准的能量器械,具有同时切割止血、较小热损伤、几乎无烟雾、自净能力强等优势,但是由于现有超声手术刀结构的约束,其运动自由度少,限制了其应用在机器人操作中的灵活性。经过科研人员在结构方面的不断优化和改进,在原有刚性超声手术刀的基础上,加入柔性结构,衍生出更加灵活的多自由度柔性超声手术刀。本文综述了刚性超声手术刀的发展以及柔性超声手术刀现有的设计方案,对于刚性超声刀的研究主要集中在结构的轻便以及工作性能的提高,对于柔性超声刀的设计分为将微型化的超声换能器放置在手柄端和放置在执行末端两类,分别分析这2种设计方案的具体结构,并讨论其优势和局限性。最后,对微创外科多自由度柔性超声刀未来的发展趋势提出展望。

工业机器人六自由度装配序列规划下避障研究

由于六自由度机器人在装配序列规划中存在顶角叶片重力矩差难以保证、叶片重力矩分布不够均衡的问题,以至于避障过程中出现碰撞。为此,提出工业机器人六自由度装配序列规划下避障研究。通过分析六自由度机器人装配序列中,顶角叶片重力矩差和叶片重力矩分布产生的干涉关系,将装配平稳性、方向调整次数及更换装配工具的频次作为约束条件,设置干涉关系矩阵和适应度函数,以判断装配序列方案是否达到最佳;在装配方案达到最佳后,通过离散化萤火虫算法获取六自由度机器人装配序列最优解;根据该结果检测六自由度机器人碰撞结果,并采用优化随机树节点扩展控制及扩展能力检测的改进快速搜索随机树算法(Rapidly-exploring Random Tree,RRT*)来对所得装配序列进行调整修正,实现工业机器人六自由度装配序列规划下避障研究。实验结果证明:该方法可获取装配效率高、成本小的六自由度机器人装配序列;可以快速规划出最佳六自由度机器人避障路径,有效地避开障碍物,且精度较高、误差较小、实用性较强。

2P6R拼装机械臂的运动学分析

目前隧道管片修复加固工作自动化程度低,存在施工安全隐患大、效率低、成本高、工人劳动强度大等问题.为实现隧道管片加固钢板的自动化拼装,首先,提出一种2P6R拼装机械臂方案,建立机械臂正运动学模型.其次,采用解析法对机械臂进行逆向运动学求解,以限制关节超限作为代价函数进行冗余解的选取,并在Beckhoff C6030-0080的TwinCAT 3平台进行逆运动学求解测试,验证算法具有较好的实时性.再次,利用微分变换法求得机械臂的雅可比矩阵,识别并列举边界奇异及内部奇异位形示例.最后,利用图解法绘制出机械臂可达工作空间截面及完整的三维可达工作空间,并进一步对机械臂进行灵活度分析,绘制出灵活度分布图.研究结果表明:2P6R拼装机械臂可以满足隧道管片加固钢板自动化拼装需求,为机械臂的应用提供理论基础.

基于Profibus-DP的液体灌装-装箱一体机设计

采用PLC技术、变频、伺服技术、Profibus现场总线控制技术,将S7-200CPU通过EM277Proibus-DP从站模块连入Proibus-DP网,建立S7-300与S7-200之间通信的方法,设计了集输送、灌装、加盖、装箱四合一体的液体灌装-装箱一体机,详细介绍了该系统的方案设计,硬件配置和程序设计;试验证实,该系统可靠性高、安全性好;在传送模块使用PLC控制变频器不仅能平稳启停电机,安全可靠输送玻璃瓶,同时能大大降低系统能耗;在装箱过程中使用伺服电机控制三自由度机械手,可实现精确的多位置控制;同时该系统具有很强的扩展性和灵活性,可以在空瓶传送过程中再加装空瓶清洗模块,次瓶剔除装置等,同时可与六自由度机械人结合,组成新的灌装生产线;该系统可应用于各种液体产品的包装生产线中。

多自由度柔性机械臂非线性连续时变反馈控制方法

针对当前多自由度柔性机械臂控制过程中,机械臂定位控制系数选择合理性较低,导致多自由度柔性机械臂控制时延较长且运动轨迹与预设轨迹存在较大差异的问题,提出多自由度柔性机械臂非线性连续时变反馈控制方法。将拉格朗日算子作为计算基础,以能量的方式构建多自由度柔性机械臂动力学模型。考虑到机械臂的负载状态,计算机械臂的重力矩,识别机械臂非线性连续时变反馈控制参数。设定非线性连续时变反馈控制规则,构建机械臂非线性控制器,实现机械臂定位控制。构建实验环节,实验结果表明:该方法可有效提升机械臂运动轨迹与预设轨迹的一致性,缩短机械臂定位控制时延,进一步提升机械臂应用效果。

空间七自由度冗余机械臂不平衡振动自动化控制技术

与其他机械臂不同,空间七自由度冗余机械臂在工作时容易出现不平衡振动,为了提升机械臂工作的稳定性,提出一种空间七自由度冗余机械臂不平衡振动自动化控制技术。通过关联机械臂关节之间的柔性振动和刚性振动,得到机械臂的振动频率,根据空间冗余机械臂的臂杆弹性变形激发,计算出机械臂的加速度,利用机械臂在旋转时的边界条件,提取出空间冗余机械臂弹性变形模量。根据机械臂关节伺服系统的组成,构建空间冗余机械平衡方程。通过提取机械臂的振动信号特征,得到机械臂振动信号的核心振频和随机频率,在振动信号的约束条件下,计算空间冗余机械臂不平衡振动的控制量,通过决策指令,设计了滑模控制器,实现机械臂不平衡振动的自动化控制。实验结果表明,文中技术可以缩小机械臂的振动幅度,并将振动位移控制在1mm以内。

基于自收敛同伦延拓法搜索七自由度机械臂零空间解集

针对七自由度机械臂零空间解集的无穷性,传统数值迭代只能求取单一解,解析法通用性较低,微分映射法精度较低的问题,本文在传统同伦延拓法的基础上采用同伦延拓参数自收敛的方式并加入关节限幅环节以优化延拓空间,并在此基础上,采用余弦函数作为同伦延拓辅助函数为方程组加入扰动。首先,根据改进DH参数法得到正运动学变换矩阵;其次,对自收敛同伦延拓法和传统同伦延拓法的求解时效、求解范围、对求解精度的适应性以及迭代限幅对求解的影响进行对比实验;最后,使用球形包围盒法结合加权取解的方式使得机械臂利用搜索到的零空间解集进行避障运动。经实验证明自收敛法的求解时效要优于传统法,加入关节限幅过程后,两种方法的时效性均有提升。

Impact vibration reduction for flexible manipulators via controllable local degrees of freedom

When performing operation tasks, the interaction between a flexible manipulator and a grasped object usually results in an impact. In this paper, a new way is suggested to alleviate impact vibration of a flexible manipulator via its structural characteristic when capturing a moving object. Controllable local degrees of freedom are introduced to the topological structure of the flexible manipulator, and used as an effective tool to combat impact vibration through dynamic coupling. A corresponding method is put forward to reduce impact vibration responses of the flexible manip- ulator via the controllable local degrees of freedom. By planning motion of the controllable local degrees of freedom, appropriate control force can be constructed to increase the modal damping and stiffness and eliminate the exciting force simultaneously, thereby reducing impact vibration responses of the flexible manipulator. Simulations are conducted and results are shown to prove the presented method.

Parameter optimization of controllable local degree of freedom for reducing vibration of flexible manipulator

Parameter optimization of the controllable local degree of freedom is studied for reducing vibration of the flexible manipulator at the lowest possible cost. The controllable local degrees of freedom are suggested and introduced to the topological structure of the flexible manipulator, and used as an effective way to alleviate vibration through dynamic coupling. Parameters introduced by the controllable local degrees of freedom are analyzed and their influences on vibration reduction are investigated. A strategy to optimize these parameters is put forward and the corresponding optimization method is suggested based on Particle Swarm Optimization （PSO）. Simulations are conducted and results of case studies confirm that the proposed optimization method is effective in reducing vibration of the flexible manipulator at the lowest possible cost.

Kinematic Research on Hinged Synchronous Universal Joint Applied for Snake-like Manipulator

The structure and motion principle of a hinged synchronous universal joint (HSUJ) is introduced, also whose kinematics is theoretically analyzed. As a result, a few kinematic characters of the HSUJ are obtained,which establish the foundation of its application for snake-like manipulator. Making use of the HSUJ ss actuating mechauism, the developed snake-like manipulator has the merits of small curve radius, fewer actuator, and small volume etc.