Next Generation Narrowband(Under 500 kHz) Power Line Communications(PLC) Standards

In the past decade,several efforts around the world were started with the goal of introducing "smart metering" capabilities into the power grid.These efforts have spurred renewed interest in the design of next generation Narrowband Power Line Communications(NB-PLC) transceivers.In the past few years,ITU-T and IEEE have standardized a family of next generation OFDM-based NB-PLC transceivers some of which are today being considered for massive deployments in Europe and Asia.This paper addresses the important role that PLC has not only for smart metering but also for many other Smart Grid applications,and also gives an overview of the main differences between these next generation NB-PLC standards.

Evaluation of International Standards of Management of Communication and Information Technology (MCIT) in Khorasan Razavi Hospitals from the Perspective of Managers

The general goal of the management of communication and information technology (MCIT) in the health sector, is to accelerate collecting, achieving and supporting the health system processes, and effective decision-making for managing this system;because preparing and providing health care services for society is very complex, and highly dependent on the information system. The aim of this investigation is to determine the mean scores of the possibility of implementing the MCIT standards in Khorasan Razavi hospitals, from the perspective of managers. This was a cross sectional descriptive-analytic study conducted in two steps in all hospitals. In the first step, the applicability of the standards in hospitals was studied. In the second step, the current status of hospitals was compared with international standards MCIT. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaires, opinions of professors and experts were acquired. Regarding the reliability, the SPSS V. 12 calculated the value of Cronbach’s to be 0.95 for the first questionnaire and 0.86 for the second questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistic tests of one way ANOVA and t-test. The level of significance was fixed at 0.5. In the 16 hospitals studied, the mean and standard deviation of MCIT were (57.25 ± 13.74). The MCIT standards are applicable in hospitals of Khorasan Razavi according to half (49.4%) of managers;nonetheless, their application requires greater efforts by the hospitals.

Effects of Service Standards Communication and Servant Leadership on Strategic Competence and Customer Orientation

Service standards communication and servant leadership are both important mechanisms to improve an organization＇s service process. Therefore, they are likely to affect strategic competence and customer orientation skills of organizations. In this research, customer orientation and strategic competence are undertaken in relation with servant leadership and service standards communication, using a sample of 106 Turkish firms＇ executive assistants. The results prove that service standards communication and servant leadership have a strong positive relationship with both strategic competence and customer orientation.

Research on English Translation of Chinese Literary Terms from the Perspective of International Communication: Interpretation and Standardization

Literary terms are the crystallization of Chinese ideology and wisdom. Translation and communication function as an important link in the construction of the discourse system with Chinese characteristics. Standardized translation of literary terms is an important way to help the world understand China and promote international communication of Chinese culture, which is conducive to the inheritance and interpretation of fine traditional Chinese culture. From the perspective of the "going global" strategy of Chinese culture in the new era, and the existing asymmetry of English translation of Chinese literary terms in international cultural communication, we analyzed the divergence, variation and imposed interpretation of the translations of Chinese literary terms and put forward some suggestions for their standardization. We believe that the translation of Chinese literary terms should adhere to the principle of "localization" in cultural communication and focus on the transmission of Chinese cultural connotation to correct the imposed interpretations of Chinese literature in the West. Standardizing the translations of literary terms will facilitate the communication of "Chinese knowledge" to the world. The paper is expected to provide reference for research on construction and enhancement of discourse system for global communication with Chinese characteristics.

WCDMA and CDMA2000 Communication Industry Standards

Since the Ministry of Information Industry promulgated the Third Generation (3G) mobile communication "China Standard" TD-SCDMA as the standard for China's communication industry, the ministry has also promulgated WCDMA and CDMA2000 as industrial standards.……

China and EU enhance standardization cooperation and communication

China-EU standardization working group within the industrial product safety and WTO/TBT consultation mechanism held a meeting in Beijing on November 21,2017.The event was co-chaired by Chen Hongjun,SAC Vice-Administrator and Joaquim Nunes de Almeida,Director of DG-Grow,Europe Commission.The representatives of the two sides briefed on the latest progress on standardization policies,

A Joint Encryption and Error Correction Method Used in Satellite Communications

Due to the ubiquitous open air links and complex electromagnetic environment in the satellite communications,how to ensure the security and reliability of the information through the satellite communications is an urgent problem.This paper combines the AES(Advanced Encryption Standard) with LDPC(Low Density Parity Check Code) to design a secure and reliable error correction method — SEEC(Satellite Encryption and Error Correction).This method selects the LDPC codes,which is suitable for satellite communications,and uses the AES round key to control the encoding process,at the same time,proposes a new algorithm of round key generation.Based on a fairly good property in error correction in satellite communications,the method improves the security of the system,achieves a shorter key size,and then makes the key management easier.Eventually,the method shows a great error correction capability and encryption effect by the MATLAB simulation.

Beam alignments based on the spectrum decomposition of orbital angular momentums for acoustic-vortex communications

Given the enhanced channel capacity of wave chirality,acoustic communications based on the orbital angular momentum(OAM)of acoustic-vortex(AV)beams are of significant interest for underwater data transmissions.However,the stringent beam alignment is required for the coaxial arrangement of transceiver arrays to ensure the accuracy and reliability of OAM decoding.To avoid the required multiple measurements of the traditional orthogonality based algorithm,the beam alignment algorithm based on the OAM spectrum decomposition is proposed for AV communications by using simplified ring-arrays.Numerical studies of the single-OAM and OAM-multiplexed AV beams show that the error of the OAM spectrum increases with the translation distance and the deflection angle of the transceiver arrays.To achieve an ideal arrangement,two methods of the single-array translation alignment and the dual-array deflection alignment are developed based on the least standard deviation of the OAM spectrum(SD-OAM).By decreasing the SD-OAM towards zero using transceiver arrays of 16 transmitters and 16 receivers,accurate beam alignments are accomplished by multiple adjustments in three dimensions.The proposed method is also demonstrated by experimental measurements of the OAM dispersion and the SD-OAM for misaligned beams.The results demonstrate the feasibility of the rapid beam alignment based on the OAM spectrum decomposition by using simplified transceiver ring-arrays,and suggest more application potentials for acoustic communications.

Machine-Learning Based Packet Switching Method for Providing Stable High-Quality Video Streaming in Multi-Stream Transmission

Broadcasting gateway equipment generally uses a method of simply switching to a spare input stream when a failure occurs in a main input stream.However,when the transmission environment is unstable,problems such as reduction in the lifespan of equipment due to frequent switching and interruption,delay,and stoppage of services may occur.Therefore,applying a machine learning(ML)method,which is possible to automatically judge and classify network-related service anomaly,and switch multi-input signals without dropping or changing signals by predicting or quickly determining the time of error occurrence for smooth stream switching when there are problems such as transmission errors,is required.In this paper,we propose an intelligent packet switching method based on the ML method of classification,which is one of the supervised learning methods,that presents the risk level of abnormal multi-stream occurring in broadcasting gateway equipment based on data.Furthermore,we subdivide the risk levels obtained from classification techniques into probabilities and then derive vectorized representative values for each attribute value of the collected input data and continuously update them.The obtained reference vector value is used for switching judgment through the cosine similarity value between input data obtained when a dangerous situation occurs.In the broadcasting gateway equipment to which the proposed method is applied,it is possible to perform more stable and smarter switching than before by solving problems of reliability and broadcasting accidents of the equipment and can maintain stable video streaming as well.

A review on synchrophasor communication system:communication technologies,standards and applications

The present-day power system is a complex network that caters to the demands of several applications with diverse energy requirements.Such a complex network is susceptible to faults caused due to several reasons such as the failure of the equipment,hostile weather conditions,etc.These faults if not detected in the real-time may lead to cascading failures resulting in a blackout.These blackouts have catastrophic consequences which result in a huge loss of resources.For example,a blackout in 2004 caused an economic loss of 10 billion U.S dollars as per the report of the Electricity Consumers Resource Council.Subsequent investigation of the blackout revealed that the catastrophe could have been prevented if there was an early warning system.Similar other blackouts across the globe forced the power system engineers to devise an effective solution for real-time monitoring and control of the power system.The consequence of these efforts is the wide area measurement system(WAMS).The WAMS consists of several sensors known as the phasor measurement units(PMUs)that collect the real information pertaining to the health of the power grid.This information in the form time synchronized voltage and current phasors is communicated to the central control center or the phasor data concentrator(PDC)where the data is analyzed for detection of power system anomalies.The communication of the synchrophasor data from each PMU to the PDC constitutes the synchrophasor communication system(SPCS).Thus,the SPCS can be considered as the edifice of the WAMS and its reliable operation is essential for the effective monitoring and control of the power system.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the various synchrophasor communication technologies,communication standards and applications.It also identifies the existing knowledge gaps and the scope for future research work.

WiGig and IEEE 802.11ad for Multi-Gigabyte-Per-Second WPAN and WLAN

The Wireless Gigabit Alliance （WiGig） and I EEE 802.11 ad are developing a multigigabit wireless personal and local area network （WPAN/ WLAN） specification in the 60 GHz millimeter wave band. Chipset manufacturers, original equipment manufacturers （OEMs）, and telecom companies are also assisting in this development. 60 GHz millimeter wave transmission will scale the speed of WLANs and WPANs to 6.75 Gbit/s over distances less than 10 meters. This technology is the first of its kind and will eliminate the need for cable around personal computers, docking stations, and other consumer electronic devices. High-definition multimedia interface （HDMI）, display port, USB 3.0, and peripheral component interconnect express （PCle） 3.0 cables will all be eliminated. Fast downloads and uploads, wireless sync, and multi-gigabit-per-second WLANs will be possible over shorter distances. 60 GHz millimeter wave supports fast session transfer （FST） protocol, which makes it backward compatible with 5 GHz or 2.4 GHz WLAN so that end users experience the same range as in today＇ s WLANs. IEEE 802.1 lad specifies the physical （PHY） sublayer and medium access control （MAC） sublayer of the protocol stack. The MAC protocol is based on time-division multiple access （TDMA）, and the PHY layer uses single carrier （SC） and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） to simultaneously enable low-power, high-performance applications.

Analysis and application of error concealment tools in AVS-M decoder

Audio Video coding Standard (AVS) is the latest audio and video coding standard of China. AVS Part 7 (also known as AVS-M) targets mobility applications where error concealment is of great importance. This paper first briefly introduces the general concept of error concealment. Then two error concealment schemes are proposed and implemented on AVS-M decoder under different test conditions. Simulation results of the schemes and suggestions on how to use these tools are also provided.

Dimensions of professional knowledge

This study concern how professional knowledge is discussed, understood and employed by integration workers in an integration activity in Sweden called Civic Orientation. The changing and complex nature of integration work implies that integration workers need specialized knowledge to ensure quality of the activity. Defining what is meant by professional knowledge is especially important and to address these issues, this study focuses on what constitutes professional knowledge with respect to the efforts made to support immigrant integration. Our study reveals that professional knowledge in Civic Orientation encompasses the understanding and responding to the heterogeneity of the groups in daily interactions, developing standardized procedures;and knowledge about how to establishing a cumulative approach to knowledge in the organization. We argue that these motives are embedded in different perspectives on culture and knowledge. Furthermore, these different perspectives are expressed as tensions between values of creativity and standardization as well as between equality and heterogeneity.

Using Converging Strategies to Reduce Divergence in Intercultural User Interface Design

This chapter starts with an introduction illuminating the theoretical back-ground necessary for taking culture into account in HCI design. Definitions of concepts used are provided followed by a historical overview on taking culture into account in HCI design. Subsequently, a glimpse of the current state of research in culture-centered HCI design is derived from secondary literature providing the gist of the structures, processes, methods, models and theoretic approaches concerning the relationship between culture and HCI design (“converging” strategies). After presenting controversies and challenges, a short discussion of results from empirical studies and design recommendations for culture-centered HCI design lead to implications and trends in future intercultural user interface design research to close the knowledge gap (the “divergence”) regarding the relationship between culture and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), i.e. converging the divergence to reach the convergent divergence.

A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Language Use in“My Fair Lady”

My Fair Lady is one of the most famous musical movies in the world and for years, many people are obsessed with this movie.This paper will analyze the language use of two short excerpts in this movie from a sociolinguistic perspective. Some key sociolinguisticconcepts concerning conversations, such as standard/non-standard English, class, politeness and taboo, gender and phatic communication are to be explored and used in the analysis.

IUID Method-Mix: Towards a Systematic Approach for Intercultural User Interface Design (IUID)

A method-mix for intercultural user interface design (IUID) is explained and exemplified by application examples based on a hybrid approach covering cultural contexts in human-computer interaction (HCI) design using a model of culturally influenced HCI. Cultural influence on HCI is described using cultural variables for user interface design. Assumptions and empirical results regarding the influence of culture on HCI, considering the path of the information processing and the interaction style between Chinese and German users are explained based on cultural models. Subsequent indicators represent the relationship between culture and HCI (culturally imprinted by the user). Correlations adopted theoretically between cultural dimensions and variables for HCI design were investigated. These correlations represent relevant constituents of a model for culturally influenced HCI. Considerations applying this model and evidence for the proper application of the IUID method-mix are presented elucidating why and how cultural aspects play a role in HCI design and usability/UX engineering. The IUID method-mix serves to inspire HCI engineers in the requirement analysis phase as well as HCI designers in the design phase. The readers are thereby sensitized to the challenges of intercultural usability/UX engineering and intercultural HCI design and will be equipped with methodological knowledge relevant to the derivation of design recommendations for user interface design for and in their desired cultural contexts. Finally, implications for practitioners are shown, including HCI style scores and practical design recommendations, to prognosticate the effort and the expenditures for considering the cultural context in IUID.

2019年湖北省心血管疾病死亡及寿命损失分析

目的了解湖北省心血管疾病死亡及寿命损失情况,为制定有效防治措施提供依据。方法死亡资料来源于2019年湖北省常住居民死因登记资料,使用SAS 9.4软件分析不同性别、城乡以及慢性病综合防控示范区和非示范区各类心血管疾病的粗死亡率、标化死亡率、早死所致寿命损失年(YLL)及标化YLL率,并进行非参数检验、χ^(2)检验和Z检验。结果2019年湖北省常住居民心血管疾病死亡占全死因的45.16%,心血管疾病死亡病例的年龄中位数为78岁,死亡率为301.03/10万,标化死亡率为243.49/10万,标化YLL率为2820.83/10万。其中男性心血管疾病标化死亡率(275.21/10万)高于女性(212.99/10万),农村(255.70/10万)高于城市(232.39/10万),示范区(233.24/10万)低于非示范区(258.76/10万)。男性、女性、城市、农村、示范区和非示范区心血管疾病的标化YLL率分别为3145.66/10万、2464.56/10万、2696.73/10万、2958.72/10万、2726.29/10万和2958.28/10万,其中男性高于女性,农村高于城市,非示范区高于示范区,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。全省及性别、城乡分组的心血管疾病死因顺位前3位均为脑血管病、缺血性心脏病及高血压病。除慢性风湿性心脏病外,男性标化死亡率均高于女性;除高血压病及其他心血管疾病外,农村标化死亡率均高于城市;示范区的脑血管病、缺血性心脏病、高血压病、慢性风湿性心脏病的标化死亡率均低于非示范区。结论湖北省心血管疾病死亡负担较重,应积极探索针对不同性别、城乡的防治措施,进一步扩大慢性病综合防控示范区建设。

我国慢性病与疾病负担的国际比较

目的 研究我国慢性非传染性疾病（NCD）导致的主要死亡原因和健康寿命损失年,与相关国家比较发现我国主要慢性病的危害程度与疾病负担特点.方法 根据世界卫生组织发布的各国因病（伤害）的死亡人数、死亡率、标准化死亡率、健康寿命损失年、每10万人健康寿命损失年、每10万人年龄标准化健康寿命损失年,按传染性疾病、慢性非传染性疾病、伤害进行大类分类,按疾病（伤害）类别进行中级分类,按病种进行小类分类后按照类别,选用R2.15分析软件绘图比较.结果 我国慢性病疾病死亡的绝对数每年约737.6万人,健康寿命损失1.41亿年,年龄标化死亡率627人/10万人,年龄标准化健康寿命损失10 829年/10万人.因慢性病导致的死亡占全死因死亡数的79.4％,健康寿命损失年占全死因健康寿命损失年的70.3％.结论 我国慢性病死亡率与健康寿命损失前三位分别为心血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病与神经精神疾病、心血管疾病、感官疾病.在中国、英国、美国、加拿大、日本、韩国、印度7个国家中,我国疾病负担仅次于印度,其中食管癌、慢性阻塞性肺疾病的健康寿命损失为世界平均水平的6倍、2倍,糖尿病患病人数增长速度居世界前列.

1975—2015年青海省慢性病死亡特征及流行趋势

目的了解青海省慢性非传染性疾病(以下简称“慢性病”)死亡特征及流行趋势,为制定青海省慢性病预防控制策略和措施提供科学依据。方法青海省1975年死因资料来源于原国家卫生部组织开展的全国第1次全死因回顾性调查青海省调查数据;2006年死因资料来源于原国家卫计委组织的全国第3次死因回顾性调查青海省调查数据;2015年死因资料来源于原青海省卫计委组织开展的死因回顾抽样调查。慢性病包括肿瘤、脑血管病、心脏病、消化系统疾病、内分泌及代谢疾病、慢性呼吸系统疾病以及其他非传染性疾病,不同年份慢性病均按照国际疾病分类(ICD-10)进行编码。应用Vfp 6.0、Excel 2010软件计算粗死亡率、标化死亡率。采用SPSS 22.0进行χ^2检验。结果青海省慢性病粗死亡率由1975年的326.09/10万上升到2015年的467.66/10万,2015年较1975年上升了43.41%,标化死亡率先上升后下降,2015年较1975年下降了8.74%。1975、2006、2015年男性粗死亡率均高于女性,差异均有统计学意义(Ρ<0.01));与1975年相比,2015年城市慢性病粗死亡率上升幅度(115.20%)明显高于农村(28.81%)和牧区(51.92%);2015年城市标化死亡率较1975年下降了35.58%,2015年农村标化死亡率较1975年下降了14.32%,2015年牧区标化死亡率较1975年总体上升了20.87%。不同时期慢性病死因谱明显不同,1975年粗死亡率居前3位慢性病分别是心脏病(100.67/10万)、消化系统疾病(75.26/10万)及恶性肿瘤(67.23/10万),2006分别是恶性肿瘤(112.62/10万)、脑血管病(93.59/10万)及慢性呼吸系统疾病(92.60/10万),2015年分别是脑血管病(113.64/10万)、心脏病(113.28/10万)及恶性肿瘤(105.38/10万)。结论1975、2006和2015年青海省慢性病粗死亡率呈明显上升趋势,不同年代慢性病死因谱明显不同。青海省应针对不同地区慢性病的分布特点及流行趋势,开展不同模式的慢性病防控制工作。

分子诊断相关国际标准物质的研究进展

受益于人类基因组计划的完成和生物信息学的快速发展，临床分子诊断的应用范畴不断扩大，其在感染性疾病、遗传性疾病及肿瘤等方面得到越来越广泛的应用。在临床分子诊断中，国际标准物质的应用是实验室检验质量得到有效保证的前提。本文就当前已建立的分子诊断相关国际标准物质的研究进展做一简要综述。