Investigation of Nonlinear PI Multi-loop Control Strategy for Aircraft HVDC Generator System with Wound Rotor Synchronous Machine

In order to enhance the transient performance of aircraft high voltage DC(HVDC)generation system with wound rotor synchronous machine(WRSM)under a wide speed range,the nonlinear PI multi-loop control strategy is proposed in this paper.Traditional voltage control method is hard to achieve the dynamic performance requirements of the HVDC generation system under a wide speed range,so the nonlinear PI parameter adjustment,load current feedback and speed feedback are added to the voltage and excitation current double loop control.The transfer function of the HVDC generation system is derived,and the relationship between speed,load current and PI parameters is obtained.The PI parameters corresponding to the load at certain speed are used to shorten the adjusting time when the load suddenly changes.The dynamic responses in transient processes are analyzed by experiment.The results illustrate that the WRSM HVDC generator system with this method has better dynamic performance.

Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor with Asymmetric Rotor for High Torque Performance

Permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor(PMA-SynRM)is a kind of high torque density energy conversion device widely used in modern industry.In this paper,based on the basic topology of PMA-SynRM,a novel PMA-SynRM of asymmetric rotor with position-biased magnet is proposed.The asymmetric rotor design with position-biased magnet realizes the concentration of magnetic field lines in the motor air gap to obtain higher electromagnetic torque,and makes both of magnetic and reluctance torque obtain the peak value at the same current phase angle.The asymmetric rotor configuration is theoretically illustrated by space vector diagram,and the feasibility of high torque performance of the motor is verified.Through the finite element simulation,the effect of the side barrier on output torque and the Mises stress under the rotor asymmetrical design are analyzed.Then the motor characteristics including airgap flux density,back EMF,magnetic torque,reluctance torque,torque ripple,losses,and efficiency are calculated for both the basic and proposed PMA-SynRMs.The results show that the proposed PMA-SynRM has higher torque and efficiency than the basic topology.Moreover,the torque ripple of the proposed PMA-SynRM is reduced by the method with harmonic current injection,and the torque characteristics in the whole current cycle are analyzed.Finally,the endurance to avoid PM demagnetization is confirmed based on the PM remanence calculation.

Rotor Strength Analysis of High-speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

为了对转子进行有效的冷却，在满足电机电磁性能的前提下，可通过减小保护套的厚度来尽可能增大定转子之间的气隙，因而必须对保护套和永磁体进行强度校核。将转子受力状况简化为平面应变问题，在此基础上推导出了两层过盈配合、三层过盈配合转子的应力场、应变场、位移场的解析公式，并利用有限元方法验证了解析公式的正确性。归纳了高速情况下热套式永磁转子强度设计准则，为转子的优化设计提供了理论依据。以一台额定转速120kr／min、10kW的高速永磁同步电机为例，给出了两种常用过盈配合高速电机转子的强度设计方法。

Multi-objective Hierarchical Optimization of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Based on Rotor Surface Modification

To solve the problem of large torque ripple of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(IPMSM),the rotor surface notch design method was used for V-type IPMSM.In order to accurately obtain the optimal parameter values to improve the torque performance of the motor,this paper takes the output torque capacity and torque ripple as the optimization objectives,and proposes a multi-objective layered optimization method based on the parameter hierarchical design combined with Taguchi method and response surface method(RSM).The conclusion can be drawn by comparing the electromagnetic performance of the motor before and after optimization,the proposed IPMSM based on the rotor surface notch design can not only improve the output torque,but also play an obvious inhibition effect on the torque ripple.

Temperature Field Analysis of Mine Flameproof Outer Rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Different Cooling Schemes

Aiming at the problem of temperature rise of mine flameproof outer rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor,based on the fluid structure coupling method,the temperature distribution of motor under three cooling schemes of air cooling and water cooling are calculated respectively.For the structure I air cooling system,the influence of different number of heat sink on the maximum temperature rise and pressure drop of fluid channel is analyzed,and the parameters of heat sink are optimized.For the structure II air cooling system,the influence of setting fillet at the turn back of the fluid channel on the head loss in the fluid domain of the motor is analyzed,and the influence of different fillet radius on the head loss and the maximum temperature rise in the fluid domain is obtained.For the structure II water cooling system,the influence of different water flow speed on the maximum temperature rise of the motor is analyzed,and the influence of different assembly clearance of modular stator teeth and yoke on the maximum temperature rise of the motor is analyzed.The cooling effect and temperature rise distribution characteristics of the three cooling schemes are compared and analyzed.Finally,a water-cooled prototype is manufactured,and the temperature rise experiment is carried out,and the influence of the thermal deformation of fluid channel,stator yoke and stator teeth on the maximum temperature of the motor is analyzed.The results show that the calculated temperature field after considering the thermal deformation is closer to the experimental value,which verifies the accuracy of the calculation results,It also provides a reference for the selection and design of the cooling structure of the same type of PMSM electric roller.

Rotor Optimization for Synchronous Reluctance Motors

Rotor of Synchronous reluctance motor(SynRM)usually has multiple flux barrier structure for the purpose of higher electromagnetic torque and lower torque ripple.Two different strategies are used in this paper for rotor structure optimization and a compromised strategy for fully squeeze the potential of each related parameters is developed.Performance of resulted rotor structure is evaluated to verify the optimization procedure.

Design of an Asymmetric Rotor Pole for Wound Field Synchronous Machines

This study proposes a novel asymmetric rotor pole design for wound field synchronous machines(WFSMs),which can achieve high saliency ratio and also low torque ripple.The key point is the optimal design of the asymmetric rotor pole with the inverse-cosine-shaped(ICS)plus reverse 3rd harmonic shaping.The asymmetric rotor pole can help to improve the average output torque by enhancing the saliency ratio.The reverse 3rd harmonic shaping on the rotor pole surface is mainly used to reduce the torque ripple.To certify the effectivity of the proposed design,three-phase 54-slot/6-pole 4.7kW WFSMs with uniform air gap and with non-uniform air gap shaped by the ICS plus optimum reverse 3rd harmonic are utilized as the basic model and referenced model for comparison.For the referenced model,the optimum amplitude of reverse 3rd harmonic is preferred as 1/6.Finally,all electromagnetic characteristics of the investigated machines are predicted by the finite-element method(FEM).The highest saliency ratio and comparatively low torque ripple have been verified.

Performance Description of Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Machine in Its Asynchronous and Variable Speed Synchronous Modes

Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its advantages. It has the robustness of the squirrel cage induction machine, and the speed and power factor controllability of the synchronous machine as well as the absence of brushes and slip rings, and using a fractionally rated frequency converter. Hence, there are considerable benefits over the conventional machines, when the machine is applied to applications such as a wind turbine generator or high power adjustable speed drive. However, these benefits are obtained in slightly more complex structure, higher cost and larger dimensions in comparison to the conventional induction machine. This paper presents fundamental aspects of the three modes of operation of brushless doubly fed machine, i.e. simple induction mode, cascade induction mode, and synchronous mode. The investigation is performed by analyzing the spatial harmonic contents of the rotor magnetic flux density. The direct cross couplings between stator and rotor fields as well as, indirect cross coupling between stator fields by the special rotor of this machine is described. Furthermore, loss analysis of the machine in various modes is presented and the torque-speed curves for asynchronous modes are obtained. A 2-D magnetodynamic finite element model based on the D-180 4/8 pole prototype machine is extracted and simulated to verify the results.

Artificial Monitoring of Eccentric Synchronous Reluctance Motors Using Neural Networks

This paper proposes an artificial neural network for monitoring and detecting the eccentric error of synchronous reluctance motors.Firstly,a 15 kWsynchronous reluctance motor is introduced and took as a case study to investigate the effects of eccentric rotor.Then,the equivalent magnetic circuits of the studied motor are analyzed and developed,in cases of dynamic eccentric rotor and static eccentric rotor condition,respectively.After that,the analytical equations of the studied motor are derived,in terms of its air-gap flux density,electromagnetic torque,and electromagnetic force,followed by the electromagnetic finite element analyses.Then,the modal analyses of the stator and the whole motor are performed,respectively,to explore the natural frequency and the modal shape of the motor,by which the further vibrational analysis is possible to be conducted.The vibration level of the housing is furtherly studied to investigate its relationship with the rotor eccentricity,which is validated by the prototype test.Furthermore,an artificial neural network,which has 3 layers,is proposed.By taking the air-gap flux density,the electromagnetic force,and the vibrational level as inputs,and taking the eccentric distance as output,the proposed neural network is trained till the error smaller than 5%.Therefore,this neural network is obtaining the input parameters of the tested motor,based on which it is automatically monitoring and reporting the eccentric error to the upper-level control center.

Analysis of Temperature Rise in High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Traction Motors by Coupling the Equivalent Thermal Circuit Method and Computational Fluid Dynamics

To solve the problem of temperature rise caused by the high power density of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous traction motors,the temperature rise of various components in the motor is analyzed by coupling the equivalent thermal circuit method and computational fluid dynamics.Also,a cooling strategy is proposed to solve the problem of temperature rise,which is expected to prolong the service life of these devices.First,the theoretical bases of the approaches used to study heat transfer and fluid mechanics are discussed,then the fluid flow for the considered motor is analyzed,and the equivalent thermal circuit method is introduced for the calculation of the temperature rise.Finally,the stator,rotor loss,motor temperature rise,and the proposed cooling method are also explored through experiments.According to the results,the stator temperature at 50,000 r/min and 60,000 r/min at no-load operation is 68℃ and 76℃,respectively.By monitoring the temperature of the air outlets inside and outside the motor at different speeds,it is also found that the motor reaches a stable temperature rise after 65 min of operation.Coupling of the thermal circuit method and computational fluid dynamics is a strategy that can provide the average temperature rise of each component and can also comprehensively calculate the temperature of each local point.We conclude that a hybrid cooling strategy based on axial air cooling of the inner air duct of the motor and water cooling of the stator can meet the design requirements for the ventilation and cooling of this type of motors.

一种自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波的永磁同步电机无位置传感器矢量控制

在粗差干扰或噪声统计偏差情况下,扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)对永磁同步电机(PMSM)的速度和转子位置估计存在精度下降问题,为此提出一种基于新息序列的自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波算法(AEKF)。首先,将粗差干扰加入系统观测方程中,分析粗差干扰对系统观测精度的影响。其次,为增强算法的抗扰性能,在新息协方差计算中设置加权系数,通过调整临近时刻的新息协方差阵权重,计算出新息协方差值,并更新到卡尔曼增益的计算。最后,建立AEKF数学模型,并对比粗差干扰与噪声统计出现偏差情况下,AEKF与EKF两种策略的观测性能。仿真和实验结果表明,在粗差干扰或噪声统计信息出现偏差情况下,AEKF算法对永磁同步电机转速的观测具备更强的鲁棒性及更高的预测精度。

倾斜偏心对同步发电机转子力学特性的影响

气隙偏心是一种常见的发电机机械故障。已有研究主要关注正常和轴向气隙均匀偏心对转子受载和振动特性的影响,较少关注轴向气隙非均匀偏心,即转子倾斜偏心。作为补充,全面分析转子倾斜偏心状态下故障程度差异对同步发电机转子力学特性的影响。其中,转子力学特性包括转子不平衡磁拉力激励特性和振动特性。以一台5kVA的两极故障模拟发电机为研究对象,分别进行理论分析、有限元仿真计算和实验验证。结果表明:正常情况下转子不平衡磁拉力为零,转子振动频率以常规基频和定子传递的各偶次谐波为主。在转子发生倾斜偏心故障后,转子不平衡磁拉力/振动以二次谐波为主。随着偏心程度增加,转子不平衡磁拉力/振动的二次谐波幅值将增大。此外,转子不平衡磁拉力沿轴向非均匀分布,在气隙越小的位置不平衡磁拉力越大。

基于代理模型的双气隙混合转子低速大转矩同步电机优化设计

为解决常规低速大转矩电机普遍存在体转矩密度低、永磁体用量多等问题,提出了一种双气隙混合转子低速大转矩同步电机拓扑结构。然而,该种电机结构相对复杂、设计参数多、优化难度大,对此提出了一种基于代理模型的双气隙混合转子低速大转矩同步电机高效优化设计方法。首先,以提高输出转矩与降低转矩脉动为优化目标,对电机的参数进行敏感性分析,实现了在保证代理模型精确度的基础上精简优化变量。然后,为提高该种电机多目标优化设计的精确度和效率,同时缩短优化周期,提出了一种序贯子空间与模式搜索算法相结合的优化算法对电机进行优化处理。最后通过有限元仿真与实验方法验证了所构建代理模型的精确性、合理性和优化方法的有效性、先进性。

双并列转子永磁同步电机转矩脉动产生机理及抑制

双并列转子永磁同步电机由于部分定子铁心和绕组的缺失,存在较大的转矩脉动,限制了其在并行对驱类机械装备中的应用。该文对双并列转子永磁电机转矩脉动产生机理进行分析,并提出了相应的抑制方法。对比了N-N型、N-S型两种转子结构,阐明了N-S型转子结构的优越性。在此基础上,开展了转矩脉动产生机理研究,按照影响因素不同,逐次分析了齿槽效应、端部效应、永磁齿轮效应以及绕组参数不对称对电机转矩脉动的作用机理,构建了各个转矩分量的解析表达式。通过有限元模型,验证了理论分析的正确性。针对产生转矩脉动的不同分量,提出了相应的抑制方法,其中抑制空载转矩可以通过优化电机的结构参数来实现,抑制纹波转矩可以通过优化绕组位置分布来实现。搭建样机实验平台,验证了分析模型的准确性。

采用改进遗传算法优化LS-SVM逆系统的外转子无铁心无轴承永磁同步发电机解耦控制

为了实现外转子无铁心无轴承永磁同步发电机(outer rotor coreless bearingless permanent magnet synchronous generator,ORC-BPMSG)的精确控制,提出一种基于改进遗传算法(improved genetic algorithm,IGA)优化最小二乘支持向量机(least square support vector machine,LS-SVM)逆系统的解耦控制策略。首先,基于ORC-BPMSG的结构及工作原理,推导其数学模型,并分析其可逆性。其次,建立LS-SVM回归方程,并采用IGA优化LS-SVM的性能参数,从而训练得到逆系统。然后,将逆系统与原系统串接,形成伪线性系统,实现了ORC-BPMSG的线性化和解耦。最后,将提出的控制方法与传统LS-SVM逆系统控制方法进行对比仿真和实验。仿真和实验结果表明:所提出的控制策略可以较好地实现ORC-BPMSG输出电压和悬浮力、以及悬浮力之间的解耦控制。

双并列转子永磁电机非对称负载运行特性

双并列转子电机在驱动两侧非对称负载时,轻载侧电机的功角较低,产生了电机材料浪费,效率低等问题。为提升电机整体输出功率,基于双并列转子电机基本理论采用解析法求得电机驱动转矩平均值的表达式,进而提出轻载侧绕组提前的结构设计。而后以一台12极72槽双并列转子电机为例,建立其磁网络模型,通过麦克斯韦应力张量法得出驱动转矩的解析计算式,分析转子偏差角对电机基本转矩脉动的影响,得出最佳绕组提前槽数。最后,针对电机转矩脉动较大的问题,使用响应曲面法,以基本转矩脉动为目标函数,以永磁体偏心距、永磁体极弧系数、并接区高度作为自变量对电机进行优化,有效降低电机转矩脉动,验证了绕组前置的结构改进对提升电机非对称状态下的输出转矩具有显著效果。

基于磁热双向耦合的PMSM转子动态偏心研究

针对外转子永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM)在制造、装配及使用过程中负载作用引起的动态偏心的影响,以120槽48级PMSM为研究对象,使用一种考虑温度变化对电机材料属性影响并反馈到电磁分析中进行多次迭代计算的磁热双向耦合分析方法,通过建立PMSM磁热双向耦合模型,基于额定工况对模型进行仿真计算,求解并分析了转子动态偏心对PMSM各部分损耗、温升、电磁性能及径向不平衡磁拉力的影响规律。研究表明,随着偏心率的增加,气隙磁密出现不均匀分布,并产生径向不平衡电磁力,其中径向电磁力密度谐波起主要作用的为低次、奇数谐波;磁密变化造成PMSM损耗和温升增加。通过对比表明,磁热双向耦合与单向磁热耦合相比更接近真实数据,具有更高的分析精度和可靠性。

齿调制作用下转子开槽对永磁电机电磁振动影响

为了研究齿调制作用下转子表面开槽对永磁同步电机电磁振动的影响,以小功率分数槽集中绕组(FSCW)内置永磁同步电机(IPMSM)为研究对象,通过麦克斯韦应力张量法推导径向电磁力波的频率及空间阶数特征。分析齿调制作用在FSCW-IPMSM中将空间高阶电磁力波调制为低阶电磁力波的过程,并给出转子表面开槽在齿调制作用影响下与电磁振动间的联系。研究表明,转子表面开槽结构的改变会使各次谐波磁场发生变化,进而改变以极数阶电磁力波为代表的高阶电磁力波的幅值。在齿调制作用下,这些高阶电磁力波会被调制为幅值较高的低阶电磁力波,并引起不同幅度的低阶振动。然后建立C型、V型两种不同转子表面开槽结构的10极12槽FSCW-IPMSM电磁及结构有限元分析模型并进行仿真分析。结果表明,极数阶即10阶电磁力波会被调制为2阶并引起2阶振动,且两种不同开槽结构间的电磁振动存在着高达22.1%的差异。最后,在一台10极12槽样机上进行振动实验,验证理论与仿真分析结果。

励磁绕组与阻尼绕组耦合效应对大型同步调相机转子暂态电流特性的影响

针对大型同步调相机暂态分析时模型精度较低的问题,提出一种考虑励磁绕组与阻尼绕组耦合效应的同步调相机暂态分析精确模型。首先,通过引入特征电抗建立同步调相机考虑励磁绕组与阻尼绕组耦合效应的暂态分析精确模型,并基于励磁电流拟合对特征电抗进行求解。然后,通过三相短路与BC相间短路故障仿真,对比同步调相机传统模型与精确模型的转子暂态电流特性。最后,建立同步调相机机-网暂态仿真模型,分析系统送端交流母线电压波动时同步调相机精确模型的暂态运行特性。研究表明,考虑励磁绕组与阻尼绕组耦合效应时同步调相机转子暂态电流特性的精度更高。三相短路与BC相间短路故障后3个周期内,同步调相机暂态分析精确模型励磁电流峰值平均值的精度分别提高了27.27%和61.53%。

无人机17kW电机振动噪声分析与巡航转速下尖端噪声优化

随着无人机的迅速发展,噪声问题影响消费者体验及AI交互、语音识别等技术,限制了无人机应用潜力。该文针对一台17 kW无人机用外转子永磁同步电机进行研究。为降低电机尖端振动噪声,且保留原电机电磁性能,重点提出优化磁极和定子开槽的方法。具体以平均转矩、转矩脉动等作为约束条件,构建多目标优化数学模型,并利用混合粒子群优化算法求解。该文深入探讨磁极参数、定子开槽对低阶次径向气隙磁通密度空间谐波特征的影响。并对电机转子模态仿真,以研究径向电磁力与空间模态的作用机理。在多转速情况下,以巡航转速为重点,分析整体电机电磁振动噪声特征。最后,仿真和实验结果表明,电机在巡航转速下的尖端噪声显著减小。验证了优化结构对无人机电机尖端振动噪声有明显抑制作用,对解决无人机噪声问题具有重要意义。