Hybrid treatment of varied orthodontic appliances for a patient with skeletal class II and temporomandibular joint disorders:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND The relation between orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders(TMDs)is under debate;the management of TMD during orthodontic treatment has always been a challenge.If TMD symptoms occur during orthodontic treatment,an immediate pause of orthodontic adjustments is recommended;the treatment can resume when the symptoms are managed and stabilized.CASE SUMMARY This case report presents a patient(26-year-old,female)with angle class I,skeletal class II and TMDs.The treatment was a hybrid of clear aligners,fixed appliances and temporary anchorage devices(TADs).After 3 mo resting and treatment on her TMD,the patient’s TMD symptom alleviated,but her anterior occlusion displayed deep overbite.Therefore,the fixed appliances with TAD were used to correct the anterior deep-bite and level maxillary and mandibular deep curves.After the levelling,the patient showed dual bite with centric relation and maximum intercuspation discrepancy on her occlusion.After careful examination of temporomandibular joints(TMJ)position,the stable bite splint and Invisible Mandibular Advancement appliance were used to reconstruct her occlusion.Eventually,the improved facial appearance and relatively stable occlusion were achieved.The 1-year follow-up records showed there was no obvious change in TMJ morphology,and her occlusion was stable.CONCLUSION TMD screening and monitoring is of great clinical importance in the TMD susceptible patients.Hybrid treatment with clear aligners and fixed appliances and TADs is an effective treatment modality for the complex cases.

Orthodontic-surgical treatment for severe skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess and four premolars extraction: A case report

BACKGROUND Patient satisfaction with facial appearance at the end of orthodontic camouflage treatment is very important, especially for skeletal malocclusion. This case report highlights the importance of the treatment plan for a patient initially treated with four-premolar-extraction camouflage, despite indications for orthognathic surgery.CASE SUMMARY A 23-year-old male sought treatment complaining about his unsatisfactory facial appearance. His maxillary first premolars and mandibular second premolars had been extracted, and a fixed appliance had been used to retract his anterior teeth for two years without improvement. He had a convex profile, a gummy smile, lip incompetence, inadequate maxillary incisor inclination, and almost a class I molar relationship. Cephalometric analysis showed severe skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion(A point-nasion-B point = 11.5°) with a retrognathic mandible(sella-nasion-B point = 75.9°), a protruded maxilla(sella-nasion-A point = 87.4°), and vertical maxillary excess(upper incisor to palatal plane = 33.2 mm). The excessive lingual inclination of the maxillary incisors(upper incisor to nasion-A point line =-5.5°)was due to previous treatment attempts to compensate for the skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion. The patient was successfully retreated with decompensating orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery. The maxillary incisors were repositioned and proclined in the alveolar bone, the overjet was increased, and a space was created for orthognathic surgery, including maxillary impaction, anterior maxillary back-setting, and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy to correct his skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy. Gingival display was reduced, and lip competence was restored. In addition, the results remained stable after 2 years. The patient was satisfied with his new profile as well as with the functional malocclusion at the end of treatment.CONCLUSION This case report provides orthodontists a good example of how to treat an adult with severe skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess after an unsatisfactory orthodontic camouflage treatment. Orthodontic and orthognathic treatment can significantly correct a patient’s facial appearance.

Improved super-elastic Ti–Ni alloy wire intrusion arch for skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion combined with deep overbite:A case report

BACKGROUND Treatment for deep overbite cases can be difficult. This case report presents some techniques with improved super-elastic Ti–Ni alloy wire(ISW) for deep overbite correction.CASE SUMMARY A 21-year-old woman had a chief complaint of flaring maxillary teeth. Orthodontic evaluation revealed a skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion and a convex profile appearance. A deep overbite with palatal impingement and large overjet were also noted. Bilateral maxillary first premolars were extracted, and spaces were closed using a closed-coil spring and elastic chain. The deep overbite was corrected by applying the ISW curve and ISW intrusion arch. Intermaxillary elastics was used to adjust the intermaxillary relationship. Active treatment took approximately 3 years, and the appearance and dentition alignment noticeably improved.CONCLUSION The use of the ISW technique in a case of skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion with deep overbite achieved a desirable result, and the patient was satisfied with the treatment outcome.

Improved super-elastic Ti-Ni alloy wire for treating adult skeletal class III with facial asymmetry:A case report

BACKGROUND Correcting severe skeletal class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry in adults through orthodontic treatment alone is difficult.CASE SUMMARY In this case report,we describe orthodontic treatment and lower incisor extraction without orthognathic surgery for a 27-year-old man with a transverse discrepancy.The extraction sites were closed using an elastic chain.The use of intermaxillary elastics,improved super-elastic Ti-Ni alloy wire,and unilateral multibend edgewise arch wire was crucial for correcting facial asymmetry and the midline deviation.CONCLUSION After treatment,the patient had a more symmetrical facial appearance,acceptable overjet and overbite,and midline coincidence.The treatment results remained stable 3 years after treatment.This case report demonstrates that a minimally invasive treatment can successfully correct severe skeletal class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry.

Orthodontic camouflage versus orthognathic surgery: A comparative analysis of long-term stability and satisfaction in moderate skeletal Class III

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare long-term stability and satisfaction between orthodontic camouflage and orthognathic surgery in treatment of moderate skeletal Class III adults. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 adults females who had been treated with orthodontic camouflage for Class III malocclusions were recalled at least 3 years post-treatment to evaluate stability and satisfaction with treatment outcomes. The data were compared with similar data for long-term outcomes in 21 patients with the same Class III problems who had bimaxillary surgical correction. Results: In the camouflage patients, small mean changes in skeletal landmark positions occurred over the long term, although the changes were generally much smaller than in the surgery patients. Dental changes in the surgery group were more severe than those in the camouflage group. The camouflage patients reported fewer functional or temporomandibular joint problems than did the surgery patients. Both groups reported similar levels of overall satisfaction with treatment. Conclusion: The results suggest that both camouflage and surgical treatment in moderate skeletal Class III adults can achieve satisfactory outcomes and provide long-term stability. If patients do not readily accept surgery because of potential surgical complications or financial difficulties, camouflage treatment may be an effective alternative treatment.

五龙鹅MHC ClassⅠ基因克隆及同源建模研究

主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）与动物机体对外源性抗原的免疫应答之间存在关联。从GenBank/DDBJ/EMBL基因库中读取鸡、其他鸟类、爬行类和哺乳类的MHC ClassⅠ基因进行序列分析设计引物，使用LA—PCR法从五龙鹅的基因组中克隆了MHC ClassⅠ基因序列（DNA序列和mRNA序列GenBank登录号分别为：AM114925和AM114924），并分析其基因组结构。运用生物信息学技术对测序结果进行分析显示：基因组DNA由8个外显子和7个内含子组成，与鸡基因序列同源率为60．8％～64．1％，与人的同源率为42．9％。分子进化树进一步揭示了五龙鹅与鸡、其他鸟类、爬行类、哺乳类以及人类的进化关系，同源建模分析发现该基因由氨基末端结构域和羧基末端结构域构成。

ClassⅠ新城疫病毒NP基因分子特征的研究

为分析2002～2007年Class Ⅰ新城疫病毒分离株NP基因的分子特征,以及其在新城疫病毒演化过程中所起的作用,采用RT-PCR方法扩增分离株的核衣壳蛋白(NP)基因,并进行了测序,应用生物信息学软件分析NDVNP基因的分子特征。根据NP基因序列的遗传发生分析表明,ClassⅠ NDV2型毒株与DE/R49-99和美国株亲缘关系较近,而3型毒株与其他ClassⅠ毒株遗传关系较远,具有地区特色,形成一个独立的分支。生物信息学软件分析表明,NP蛋白N端1～400氨基酸比较保守,而C端序列(特别是氨基酸残基400～480)高度变异。ClassⅠ病毒2型毒株与国外分离株亲缘关系较近,可能有共同的起源;而3型毒株独立于其他ClassⅠ毒株,具有独特性,这两种毒株的来源不同;不同基因型NP蛋白之间比较保守,但是P蛋白的C端发生了多个氨基酸的变异,对其功能的影响还需进一步探讨。

马铃薯class Ⅰ patatin基因在试管块茎形成中的功能

将正反义classⅠpatatin基因导入马铃薯品种甘农薯2号中,有2个转正义基因株系试管块茎的可溶性蛋白含量和LAH活性与对照相比有不同程度的增加,有3个转反义基因株系的可溶性蛋白质含量下降,并且所有转反义基因植株的LAH活性都不同程度地降低。试管块茎的诱导结果表明,有1个转正义基因株系的结薯株率和单株结薯数比其对照明显增加,有2个转反义基因株系的结薯株率和单株结薯数比对照明显减少,说明该classⅠpatatin基因参与了马铃薯试管块茎的形成及其调控。

新城疫病毒ClassⅠ强毒株HN单克隆抗体的研制及免疫学反应

目的:制备抗新城疫病毒(NDV)ClassⅠ强毒分离株9a5b的单克隆抗体。方法:以9a5b尿囊液为免疫原,接种6周龄BALB/c小鼠,以血凝抑制(HI)和间接免疫荧光(IFA)检测所获得的mAb。结果:成功制备获得NDV血凝素(HN)特异性mAb4株。免疫特性鉴定表明:在这4株mAb中,3H7和3H9株仅具有IFA和HI效价,且呈现ClassI毒株特异性。结论:该抗体材料为NDVClassⅠ和Ⅱ毒株的血清学鉴定提供极大的便利工具,并为NDVHN功能及受体学研究奠定了基础。

ClassⅠ新城疫病毒概述

新城疫病毒是影响养禽业健康发展的主要病原之一。新城疫病毒只有一个血清型,但根据亲源关系可以划分为ClassⅠ和ClassⅡ两大类。ClassⅠ新城疫病毒于2006年被证实存在,当前可被细分为9个基因型(1～9)。ClassⅠ所有自然分离株均为无毒株或弱毒株,但有经人工传代返强的报道,由于其分布广泛,数量庞大,对养禽业有巨大的潜在威胁。为了更好的了解ClassⅠ新城疫毒株的生物学特性,为研究ClassⅠ新城疫病毒提供参考,现将其基因组结构、分子流行病学及检测方法等综述如下。

新城疫病毒ClassⅠ与ClassⅡ毒株交叉血凝抑制试验快速分类

ClassⅠ新城疫病毒(NDV)分离自健康家禽泄殖腔棉拭子,其基因序列与ClassⅡNDV存在很大差异,为了建立简单快速的NDV分类方法,用SPF鸡制备ClassⅠ和ClassⅡ毒株多价抗血清分别与选取的ClassⅠ和ClassⅡ代表毒株进行交叉血凝抑制反应。结果表明所有ClassⅠ毒株比同ClassⅡ毒株的交叉血凝抑制值高8～64(3～6log2)倍;而ClassⅡ毒株与ClassⅡ抗血清的HI效价比同ClassⅠ毒株的交叉血凝抑制值高2～8(1～3log2)倍,结果与基因分型高度一致,说明可以用交叉血凝抑制试验进行初步分类。本研究结果显示,NDVClassⅠ弱毒株血凝性与广泛应用的NDV弱毒疫苗株不同,基因序列分析可以部分解释这种差异,另外可能HN蛋白的空间结构也会影响其与血凝素结合的特性。

草鱼MHC class Ⅰ基因多态性及其与鱼体抗柱形病能力关系分析

用1对引物HMC6-S和MHC6-A分别从草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)40尾抗病个体和40尾易染个体的基因组DNA中扩增MHC基因片段,扩增产物长度为262bp。在262bp的核苷酸序列中,有50个(19%)多态位点。在其编码的87个氨基酸位点中,有16个多态位点(18.39%),其中有10个位点发生在多肽结合位点上(62.5%)。对核苷酸替代的类型和位点进行分析,发现多肽结合位点的非同义碱基替代率与同义碱基替代率均大于非多肽结合位点的非同义碱基替代率与同义碱基替代率,表明氨基酸替代替换集中出现在多肽结合位点(PBR)上。分析80个个体的测序结果,发现有17种不同的MHC classⅠ等位基因,编码17种不同的氨基酸序列。等位基因A、B、C、D是2个群体共有的,其中等位基因A出现的频率最高,占总样本数量的36.25%;等位基因E、F、G、H、I、P只出现在抗病个体中,等位基因J、K、L、M、N、O、Q只出现在易染个体中。

新城疫病毒ClassⅠ强毒株磷蛋白在细胞中的表达与定位

根据ClassI新城疫病毒分离株9a5b编码序列设计特异性引物扩增P蛋白基因，原核表达后利用纯化的蛋白免疫BALB／C小鼠制备单克隆抗体，经二次亚克隆后筛选到4株针对P蛋白的单克隆抗体，利用所得单抗进行P蛋白在细胞内定位分析，NDV9a5b株按5M．O．I感染量接种DFl单层细胞，当PI=4h时，P蛋白呈点状弥散分布于细胞浆内；PI=6～8h时，P蛋白聚集于细胞核周围；PI=12h时，P蛋白呈单极化聚集于细胞核一侧；而PI=16h后开始形成合胞体，P蛋白在单个细胞中仍呈现单极分布；当PI=48h时，细胞核已发生碎裂，荧光强度有所减弱。本研究为深入开展P蛋白在病毒增殖以及细胞周期中的作用机制研究奠定了基础。

ClassⅠ新城疫病毒核衣壳蛋白在体外细胞感染过程中表达定位的检测

为分析核衣壳蛋白(NP)在新城疫病毒(NDV)感染真核细胞过程中细胞内定位的情况,本研究以NDV Class I强毒株9a5b作为免疫原制备4株NP特异性单克隆抗体(MAb),并将病毒株9a5b按5 MOI感染量接种DF1单层细胞,当接种后1 h～3 h时,NP有极少量表达并逐量增加,主要呈点状分布于细胞浆内;当接种后4 h～20 h时,NP聚集于细胞浆中,聚集数量与感染时间成正比;感染24 h后,细胞核碎裂,NP散在分布于细胞浆中。表明NP作为立早期蛋白,始终在胞浆中进行复制;在病毒感染初期,NP介导核糖核蛋白复合物发挥转录和翻译功能。本研究为深入开展NP与病毒mRNA转录、复制和包装的相互关系机制的研究奠定了基础。

建鲤MHC classⅠ基因全长cDNA的克隆与序列分析

采用同源克隆和末端快速扩增(RACE)方法克隆了建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.jian)MHC classⅠ基因全长cD-NA并进行了序列分析。结果显示:实验得到了1914 bp的建鲤的MHC classⅠ全长cDNA序列;建鲤MHC classⅠ基因包括1044 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),118 bp的5'非编码区(UTR)以及752 bp的3'非编码区(UTR),含有保守的半胱氨酸残基,N-糖基化位点。氨基酸序列比对结果显示,建鲤MHC classⅠ与日本鲤的MHC classⅠ相似性最高,为66.0%;与虹鳟、大西洋鲑、青鳉、红鳍东方鲀的相似性分别为54.5%、57.9%、44.3%、42.0%,与小鼠、大鼠、人的相似性分别为29.1%、28.7%、29.7%。

虎MHC ClassⅠ基因的克隆及测序

根据猫的主要组织相容性复合体Ⅰ类分子cDNA序列设计PCR引物,从基因组上成功扩增并克隆了MHCClassⅠ基因片段,命名为TLA-A。该片段全长2 820 bp,包含MHC ClassⅠ分子基因约85%的长度,包括Exon 1部分序列、intron 1、exon 2、intron 2、exon 3、intron 3、exon 4、intron 4、exon 5、intron 5、exon 6、intron 6和exon 7部分序列。与其他物种的ClassⅠ基因相比,虎与家猫、猎豹、豹猫、大熊猫、狗、马、松鼠猴、人、黄猩猩等物种的同源性依次为93.4%、91.8%、87.3%、86.4%、85.1%、85.1%、84.6%、84.3%、83.7%,种间序列差异主要表现在exon 2、exon 3两个肽结合区。

马铃薯classⅠpatatin基因家族的一个新亚型

马铃薯class Ⅰ与classⅡ patatin基因是具有不同组织表达专一性的一个多基因家族。用马铃薯classⅡ patatin启动子为探针,从中国马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)栽培品种“东农303”基因文库中筛选到一个classⅠpatatin基因。测定其DNA顺序1.8kb;它包括patatin基因5′侧翼区1407bD、结构基因363bp。根据5′端非翻译区顺序,它属classⅠpatatin基因。该基因的5′侧翼区同已报道6种classⅠpatatin基因亚型5′侧翼区之间存在较大片段的缺失与插入,它可能是一新的classⅠpatatin亚型。

Effects of small interfering RNA inhibit Class Ⅰ phosphoinositide 3-kinase on human gastric cancer cells

AIM:To investigate the effects of small interfering RNA(siRNA)-mediated inhibition of Class Ⅰ phosphoinositide 3-kinase(Class Ⅰ PI3K) signal transduction on the proliferation,apoptosis,and autophagy of gastric cancer SGC7901 and MGC803 cells.METHODS:We constructed the recombinant replication adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNA interference(RNAi)-green fluorescent protein(GFP) and control adenovirus NCRNAi-GFP,and infected it into human gastric cancer cells.MTT assay was used to determine the growth rate of the gastric cancer cells.Activation of autophagy was monitored with monodansylcadaverine(MDC) staining after adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP and control adenovirus NC-RNAi-GFP treatment.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3).Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using the fluorescent probe JC-1.The expression of autophagy was monitored with MDC,LC3 staining,and transmission electron microscopy.Western blotting was used to detect p53,Beclin-1,Bcl-2,and LC3 protein expression in the culture supernatant.RESULTS:The viability of gastric cancer cells was inhibited after siRNA targeting to the Class Ⅰ PI3K blocked Class Ⅰ PI3K signal pathway.MTT assays revealed that,after SGC7901 cancer cells were treated with adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP,the rate of inhibition reached 27.48% ± 2.71% at 24 h,41.92% ± 2.02% at 48 h,and 50.85% ± 0.91% at 72 h.After MGC803 cancer cells were treated with adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAiGFP,the rate of inhibition reached 24.39% ± 0.93% at 24 h,47.00% ± 0.87% at 48 h,and 70.30% ± 0.86% at 72 h(P < 0.05 compared to control group).It was determined that when 50 MOI,the transfection efficiency was 95% ± 2.4%.Adenovirus PI3K(I)RNAi-GFP(50 MOI) induced mitochondrial dysfunction and activated cell apoptosis in SGC7901 cells,and the results described here prove that RNAi of Class Ⅰ PI3K induced apoptosis in SGC7901 cells.The results showed that adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP transfection induced punctate distribution of LC3 immunoreactivity,indicating increased formation of autophagosomes.The results showed that the basal level of Beclin-1 and LC3 protein in SGC7901 cells was low.After incubating with adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP(50 MOI),Beclin-1,LC3,and p53 protein expression was significantly increased from 24 to 72 h.We also found that Bcl-2 protein expression down-regulated with the treatment of adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP(50 MOI).A number of isolated membranes,possibly derived from ribosomefree endoplasmic reticulum,were seen.These isolated membranes were elongated and curved to engulf a cytoplasmic fraction and organelles.We used transmission electron microscopy to identify ultrastructural changes in SGC7901 cells after adenovirus PI3K(I)RNAi-GFP(50 MOI) treatment.Control cells showed a round shape and contained normal-looking organelles,nucleus,and chromatin,while adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAiGFP(50 MOI)-treated cells exhibited the typical signs of autophagy.CONCLUSION:After the Class Ⅰ PI3K signaling pathway has been blocked by siRNA,the proliferation of cells was inhibited and the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells was enhanced.

分泌抗HLA Class Ⅰ单态性单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞的建株和鉴定

本文报道了应用杂交瘤技术制备抗 HLA-I 类抗原单态性单克隆抗体,命名为CJH-F6,经流式细胞间接免疫荧光分析,放射免疫沉淀 SDS-PAGE 测定,微量淋巴细胞毒实验和血小板吸收试验均证明为抗 HLA-I 类抗原单态性单克隆抗体,Ig 类别为 IgM,文内讨论了此单抗的应用。

ClassⅠ新城疫病毒BJ1株微基因组的构建及功能鉴定

将以绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)为报告基因的ClassⅠ类新城疫病毒(NDV)BJ1株微基因组质粒pOK-M和3个辅助蛋白表达质粒pCI-NP、pCI-P、pCI-L共转染BSR T7/5细胞,转染24 h即可见到明显的绿色荧光,表明微基因组及其3种辅助质粒均获得了表达,并具有各自的生物学功能,为进一步建立该毒株的反向遗传操作系统奠定了基础。