Projection of hazard changes in climate extremes is critical to assessing the potential impacts of climate change on human and natural systems. Using simulations of providing regional climates for impacts studies, fiv...Projection of hazard changes in climate extremes is critical to assessing the potential impacts of climate change on human and natural systems. Using simulations of providing regional climates for impacts studies, five indicators (rainstorm days, maximum 3-day precipitation, elevation, gradient and distance from river or lake) were selected to project the spatial patterns of flood hazard over Yangtze River Basin for the baseline period (1961– 1990) and future (2011–2100) under SRES B2 scenario. The results showed the mean annual rainstorm days over the basin by the near-term, mid-term and long-term would increase from 3.9 days to 4.7, 4.9 and 5.1 days, and the mean annual maximum 3-day precipitation from 122 mm to 143, 146 and 149 mm, respectively. The flood hazard of the basin would become more severe, especially in the middle and lower reaches. Flood hazard grade 5 by the nearterm, mid-term and long-term would extend from 10.99% to 25.46, 28.14 and 29.75%, respectively.展开更多
Objective:This survey was a non-intervention study,which aimed to investigate symptom burden and treatment status in cancer patient with bone metastasis,and to make out whether patients received the normative treatmen...Objective:This survey was a non-intervention study,which aimed to investigate symptom burden and treatment status in cancer patient with bone metastasis,and to make out whether patients received the normative treatment.Methods:We designed a questionnaire,the main items of which include patient's symptom burden,previous and ongoing treatment.We used it to investigate 120 patients from six different medical agencies.We examined the association between symptoms using Spearman's rank correlation.SPSS software was used to analyze data.Results:The data of one hundred one questionnaires were completed and fitted for analysis.The five most prevalent symptoms were fatigue(84.2%),unhappiness(83.2%),pain(77.2%),dry mouth(77.2%) and lack of appetite(73.3%).Three symptom clusters were identified.Cluster 1 included anxiety and unhappiness and accounted for 61.4% in all patients.Cluster 2 included pain,fatigue and constipation and accounted for 39.6% in all patients.Cluster 3 included nausea,vomiting,lack of appetite and accounted for 27.7% in all patients.Cronbach's alpha coefficient demonstrated high internal reliability in the clusters,with a coefficient ranging from 0.65 to 0.84.The proportion of patients receiving analgesic therapy,bisphosphates therapy,palliative chemotherapy and radiotherapy were 70.3%,63.4%,58.4% and 36.6% respectively.Pain in various degree was obviously alleviated(P < 0.01) after analgesic therapy.Among the surveyed patients,64 patients received bisphosphates therapy,while the administration of zoledronic acid accounted for the most large proportion.The average duration of bisphosphates administration was 5.79 months(SD = 7.43).Patients who received radiotherapy adopted multiple fractions treating mode.Conclusion:Symptom burden was common and severe in patients with bone metastasis,which often appeared as symptom cluster,and significantly affected their quality of life(QOL).The normative treatment should be strengthened to manage and control patients' symptoms and improve their QOL.The analgesic therapy was normative in patients with bone metastasis.Reasons impeding patients to receive bisphosphates were in varieties.More propaganda should be done to generalized bisphosphates therapy for patients with bone metastasis.展开更多
目的对以骨相关事件(skeletal related event,SRE)为首发表现的转移性肾细胞癌患者进行临床与病理分析,提高对肾癌骨转移的认识。方法结合文献复习,对2012年1月-2017年2月上海长征医院诊治的33例以骨相关事件为首发表现的转移性肾细胞...目的对以骨相关事件(skeletal related event,SRE)为首发表现的转移性肾细胞癌患者进行临床与病理分析,提高对肾癌骨转移的认识。方法结合文献复习,对2012年1月-2017年2月上海长征医院诊治的33例以骨相关事件为首发表现的转移性肾细胞癌患者症状与体征、实验室检查、影像学检查、病理学检查结果等资料进行回顾分析。结果33例患者表现为骨痛29例,病理性骨折4例,伴有泌尿系统症状1例,碱性磷酸酶升高(>130 U/L)7例,血钙降低(<2.25 mmol/L)11例,血钙升高4例(>2.6 mmol/L)。病灶位于脊柱25例,单发骨转移10例,伴一处或以上其他脏器转移占7例,骨转移灶均经病理诊断为肾细胞癌,21例可明确病理亚型,肾透明细胞癌19例(90%),肾嫌色细胞癌与未分类肾细胞癌各1例。结论RCC易发生远处转移,部分以远处转移为首发表现,对于临床上出现不明原因骨痛、病理性骨折等症状的患者,应考虑到肾癌骨转移可能,诊断需要结合病理形态学及免疫组织化学染色,骨转移灶切除术可显著缓解患者疼痛症状,并提高生活质量,靶向治疗与放疗可能存在一定的治疗价值。展开更多
基金supported by the National Technology R&D Program (Grant nos. 2006BAD20B05 and 2008BAK50B06)
文摘Projection of hazard changes in climate extremes is critical to assessing the potential impacts of climate change on human and natural systems. Using simulations of providing regional climates for impacts studies, five indicators (rainstorm days, maximum 3-day precipitation, elevation, gradient and distance from river or lake) were selected to project the spatial patterns of flood hazard over Yangtze River Basin for the baseline period (1961– 1990) and future (2011–2100) under SRES B2 scenario. The results showed the mean annual rainstorm days over the basin by the near-term, mid-term and long-term would increase from 3.9 days to 4.7, 4.9 and 5.1 days, and the mean annual maximum 3-day precipitation from 122 mm to 143, 146 and 149 mm, respectively. The flood hazard of the basin would become more severe, especially in the middle and lower reaches. Flood hazard grade 5 by the nearterm, mid-term and long-term would extend from 10.99% to 25.46, 28.14 and 29.75%, respectively.
文摘Objective:This survey was a non-intervention study,which aimed to investigate symptom burden and treatment status in cancer patient with bone metastasis,and to make out whether patients received the normative treatment.Methods:We designed a questionnaire,the main items of which include patient's symptom burden,previous and ongoing treatment.We used it to investigate 120 patients from six different medical agencies.We examined the association between symptoms using Spearman's rank correlation.SPSS software was used to analyze data.Results:The data of one hundred one questionnaires were completed and fitted for analysis.The five most prevalent symptoms were fatigue(84.2%),unhappiness(83.2%),pain(77.2%),dry mouth(77.2%) and lack of appetite(73.3%).Three symptom clusters were identified.Cluster 1 included anxiety and unhappiness and accounted for 61.4% in all patients.Cluster 2 included pain,fatigue and constipation and accounted for 39.6% in all patients.Cluster 3 included nausea,vomiting,lack of appetite and accounted for 27.7% in all patients.Cronbach's alpha coefficient demonstrated high internal reliability in the clusters,with a coefficient ranging from 0.65 to 0.84.The proportion of patients receiving analgesic therapy,bisphosphates therapy,palliative chemotherapy and radiotherapy were 70.3%,63.4%,58.4% and 36.6% respectively.Pain in various degree was obviously alleviated(P < 0.01) after analgesic therapy.Among the surveyed patients,64 patients received bisphosphates therapy,while the administration of zoledronic acid accounted for the most large proportion.The average duration of bisphosphates administration was 5.79 months(SD = 7.43).Patients who received radiotherapy adopted multiple fractions treating mode.Conclusion:Symptom burden was common and severe in patients with bone metastasis,which often appeared as symptom cluster,and significantly affected their quality of life(QOL).The normative treatment should be strengthened to manage and control patients' symptoms and improve their QOL.The analgesic therapy was normative in patients with bone metastasis.Reasons impeding patients to receive bisphosphates were in varieties.More propaganda should be done to generalized bisphosphates therapy for patients with bone metastasis.