FASTER–RCNN for Skin Burn Analysis and Tissue Regeneration

Skin is the largest body organ that is prone to the environment mostspecifically. Therefore the skin is susceptible to many damages, including burndamage. Burns can endanger life and are linked to high morbidity and mortalityrates. Effective diagnosis with the help of accurate burn zone and wound depthevaluation is important for clinical efficacy. The following characteristics areassociated with the skin burn wound, such as healing, infection, painand stressand keloid formation. Tissue regeneration also takes a significant amount of timefor formation while considering skin healing after a burn injury. Deep neural networks can automatically assist in the extraction of features from a burn image. Inour approach to burn wound analysis and regeneration of the tissue of the skinburn wound, we use the Faster RCNN (Regional Convolutional Neural Network),which is based on their severity of the burn wound. The success rates of skin curefor burning injuries can be dramatically increased with the use of different skinreplacements. Our objective is to analyze different deep learning techniques thatmay help to analyze and classify burn wounds in a superficial, partial and complete thickness, while treating burn wounds more accurately. The application ofFaster RCNN effectively classifies wound without first degree, second and thirddegree confusion, thus providing a suitable solution to burning wounds. Theadvancement in the field of profound training offers an important path in the fieldof the processing and burning of trauma.

Differentially Expressed microRNAs as Potential Markers for Vital Reaction of Burned Skin

The identification of antemortem burns and postmortem burns is essential in forensic practice.In this study,microRNA(miRNA)microarray analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in the skin of an experimental burn model.Microarray analysis revealed 24 differentially expressed miRNAs in antemortem burned mice skin,with 19 miRNAs significantly upregulated and 5 downregulated.Based on the intersection predicted using three databases(Targetscan,microRNA.org,and PITA),293 potential miRNA targets were identified.These dysregulated miRNAs and their predicted targets were further analyzed using the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases.Several functional categories and signaling pathways were enriched,including the“fc epsilon ri signaling pathway,”“endometrial cancer,”and“mTOR signaling pathway.”Expression patterns of 10 differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction in mice skins.The results agreed with the results of microarray analysis.These findings suggest that differentially expressed miRNAs revealed by microarray are potential markers for forensic molecular diagnosis of antemortem burns.

MiR-711 and miR-183-3p as potential markers for vital reaction of burned skin

In forensic practice,the identification of antemortem burns and postmortem burns is of the utmost importance.Reports from previous studies have shown that miRNAs,with lengths stretching over 18–25 nucleotides,are highly stable and resistant to degradation.However,there has been little research into the application of miRNAs in identifying antemortem and postmortem burns.This study compared the expression of miR-711 and miR-183-3p levels in mouse and postmortem human burned skins using RT-qPCR assay.RT-qPCR examination of burned mouse skins showed that increased miR-711 and miR-183-3p expression in comparison to intact skin tissues.The increased expressions of these two miRNAs were observed until 120 h after death in burned mouse skins,whereas no significant changes were found in postmortem burned skins.In human burned skins,the increased levels of these two miRNAs at 48 h following autopsy occurred in 19 of 26 subjects,which appeared to be related to the severity of the burn.These findings suggest that miR-711 and miR-183-3p may act as biomarkers for vital reaction of skin burn.

Effects of combined radiation and thermal burn injury on the survival of skin allograft and immune function in rats

Abstract Objectives To investigate the effects of combined radiation and thermal burn injury on the survival of skin allografts and to analyze the relationship between the prolongation of allograft survival and the changes of immune functions of the thymocytes and splenocytes in rats. Methods Wistar rats were irradiated with 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 Gy of gamma rays. Thirty minutes after radiation, 15% TBSA Ⅲ degree burn was inflicted to the rats. Twenty four hours after the burn injury, allografts were used to cover the burn wounds. In the 8 Gy group, 1 hour before skin grafting, the bone marrow cells (4×10 8) from the same donor were also transplanted. All rats were carefully observed after injury. The rats with single radiation injury of 5 Gy gamma rays, with single burn injury and with combined radiation burn injury were killed 3, 7, 10, 15 and 30 days after skin grafting for immunological assay and pathological study. Results All the allografts in the single burn group were rejected in 10 days. In the combined injury groups, the survival rates of the allografts in rats undergoing 3 and 4 Gy radiation were 20% and 30%, respectively. In the combined injury groups undergoing 5, 6 and 8 Gy radiation, the 10 day survival rates of the allografts were 69%, 88% and 100% respectively, and the 30 day survival rates in the three groups were 36%, 42% and 100% separately. The grafted allogenic skin, with normal epithelial cells and good vascularity, healed well with the recipient's skin. Hairs grew well from the allografts 30 days after grafting. Three, 7 and 15 days after allografting, in the single burn group, the proliferative activities of the thymocytes were 90%, 185% and 130% of the preinjury level, and the antibody forming capacities of the splenocytes were 200%, 171% and 300% of the preinjury level, respectively; in the combined injury groups, the proliferative activities were 6%, 99% and 91% of the preinjury level, and the forming capacities were 2%, 36% and 90% of the preinjury level. Conclusions The survival rate of allograft in rats undergoing combined radiation and thermal burn injury rises with the increase in radiation dosage. The allograft covering single bun injury is severely rejected by immune reaction. The prolongation of the survival of allograft in combined injury group mainly results from radiation that suppresses immune functions.