Background: Wrinkles, pigmented spots, and roughness are representative parameters reflecting facial skin aging. Sulci cutis connecting to follicular orifices frequently form perifollicular cracks, which join together...Background: Wrinkles, pigmented spots, and roughness are representative parameters reflecting facial skin aging. Sulci cutis connecting to follicular orifices frequently form perifollicular cracks, which join together adjacent sulci. This follicle-sulcus-crack complex (FSCC) is exacerbated by dehydration. Purpose: Although dehydration is associated with facial skin aging, FSCC’s implications in facial skin aging remain unresolved. Method: We measured facial skin parameters in 1999 and 2010 in 108 Japanese women, and in 2006 and 2016 in 182 Chinese women. We addressed whether expansion of FSCC is associated with other skin aging parameters. We also examined whether skin moisturizer can reverse the expanded FSCC. Results: In both clinical studies, FSCC severity as well as wrinkles, spots, and roughness significantly deteriorated with age. Notably, FSCC significantly increased as early as in subjects in their 20s, whereas wrinkles, spots, and roughness became conspicuous in those in their 40s or older. Moreover, subjects with more severe FSCC in the initial measurement exhibited significantly worse wrinkles, spots, and roughness in the second measurement a decade later. Dehydration was significantly correlated with expanded FSCC. Furthermore, FSCC expansion was reversed after appropriate moisturization by daily application of Galactomyces ferment filtrate (GFF)-containing skincare product (SK-II Skin Power Cream) for 4 weeks in 37 women. Conclusion: The expanded FSCC is likely to be an early indicator of facial skin aging. Appropriate moisturization may reduce FSCC formation and decelerate facial skin aging.展开更多
为研究机身蒙皮在均布增压循环载荷作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展,用自制的飞机机身蒙皮均布增压疲劳装置进行实验。首先通过扩展有限元法计算出应力强度因子,然后基于最大周向应力(Maximum Circumferential Stress,MCS)准则和应变能密度因子(St...为研究机身蒙皮在均布增压循环载荷作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展,用自制的飞机机身蒙皮均布增压疲劳装置进行实验。首先通过扩展有限元法计算出应力强度因子,然后基于最大周向应力(Maximum Circumferential Stress,MCS)准则和应变能密度因子(Strain Energy Density Factor,SEDF)准则计算裂纹偏转角,对机身蒙皮疲劳裂纹扩展路径进行预测,最后在扫描电镜下对疲劳断口进行观察与分析。结果表明,两种准则预测的裂纹扩展路径与实验得到的裂纹扩展路径基本一致。机身蒙皮表面裂纹为复合型裂纹,随着裂纹长度增加,KⅠ先增大后减小,KⅡ在数值上先迅速降低至0附近,然后在0附近振荡,最后在接近下孔即将贯穿的时候迅速增大。观察疲劳断口发现,疲劳裂纹呈多疲劳源萌生;裂纹扩展区具有典型的准解理断裂特征,并且疲劳裂纹扩展速率随裂纹长度的增大呈先增大后减小的变化趋势;瞬断区则为典型的大小不等的韧窝特征。展开更多
文摘Background: Wrinkles, pigmented spots, and roughness are representative parameters reflecting facial skin aging. Sulci cutis connecting to follicular orifices frequently form perifollicular cracks, which join together adjacent sulci. This follicle-sulcus-crack complex (FSCC) is exacerbated by dehydration. Purpose: Although dehydration is associated with facial skin aging, FSCC’s implications in facial skin aging remain unresolved. Method: We measured facial skin parameters in 1999 and 2010 in 108 Japanese women, and in 2006 and 2016 in 182 Chinese women. We addressed whether expansion of FSCC is associated with other skin aging parameters. We also examined whether skin moisturizer can reverse the expanded FSCC. Results: In both clinical studies, FSCC severity as well as wrinkles, spots, and roughness significantly deteriorated with age. Notably, FSCC significantly increased as early as in subjects in their 20s, whereas wrinkles, spots, and roughness became conspicuous in those in their 40s or older. Moreover, subjects with more severe FSCC in the initial measurement exhibited significantly worse wrinkles, spots, and roughness in the second measurement a decade later. Dehydration was significantly correlated with expanded FSCC. Furthermore, FSCC expansion was reversed after appropriate moisturization by daily application of Galactomyces ferment filtrate (GFF)-containing skincare product (SK-II Skin Power Cream) for 4 weeks in 37 women. Conclusion: The expanded FSCC is likely to be an early indicator of facial skin aging. Appropriate moisturization may reduce FSCC formation and decelerate facial skin aging.
文摘为研究机身蒙皮在均布增压循环载荷作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展,用自制的飞机机身蒙皮均布增压疲劳装置进行实验。首先通过扩展有限元法计算出应力强度因子,然后基于最大周向应力(Maximum Circumferential Stress,MCS)准则和应变能密度因子(Strain Energy Density Factor,SEDF)准则计算裂纹偏转角,对机身蒙皮疲劳裂纹扩展路径进行预测,最后在扫描电镜下对疲劳断口进行观察与分析。结果表明,两种准则预测的裂纹扩展路径与实验得到的裂纹扩展路径基本一致。机身蒙皮表面裂纹为复合型裂纹,随着裂纹长度增加,KⅠ先增大后减小,KⅡ在数值上先迅速降低至0附近,然后在0附近振荡,最后在接近下孔即将贯穿的时候迅速增大。观察疲劳断口发现,疲劳裂纹呈多疲劳源萌生;裂纹扩展区具有典型的准解理断裂特征,并且疲劳裂纹扩展速率随裂纹长度的增大呈先增大后减小的变化趋势;瞬断区则为典型的大小不等的韧窝特征。
