Transfer Learning Empowered Skin Diseases Detection in Children

Human beings are often affected by a wide range of skin diseases,which can be attributed to genetic factors and environmental influences,such as exposure to sunshine with ultraviolet(UV)rays.If left untreated,these diseases can have severe consequences and spread,especially among children.Early detection is crucial to prevent their spread and improve a patient’s chances of recovery.Dermatology,the branch of medicine dealing with skin diseases,faces challenges in accurately diagnosing these conditions due to the difficulty in identifying and distinguishing between different diseases based on their appearance,type of skin,and others.This study presents a method for detecting skin diseases using Deep Learning(DL),focusing on the most common diseases affecting children in Saudi Arabia due to the high UV value in most of the year,especially in the summer.The method utilizes various Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures to classify skin conditions such as eczema,psoriasis,and ringworm.The proposed method demonstrates high accuracy rates of 99.99%and 97%using famous and effective transfer learning models MobileNet and DenseNet121,respectively.This illustrates the potential of DL in automating the detection of skin diseases and offers a promising approach for early diagnosis and treatment.

A summary about dendritic cells in skin diseases

Dendritic cellls (DCs) comprise an es se ntial component of the immune system, are crucial in the initiation of antigen s pecific immune responses. In this summary we focus on summarizing on the central role of DCs in skin diseases: Bullous dermatoses, Dermatitis, Psoriasis, Lichen Planus , Graft-versus-host disease, Connect Tissue Diseases, Virus Diseases, Fungi Diseases, HIV, Urticaria, Urticaria pigmentosa, Mastocytosis, Tumour, Sola r dermatoses. Moreover,in this summary we review the distribution and phenotype of DCs in human skin. Markers and phenotyps 's study have provided strong suppo rt for a concept in which DCs play an important role in the pothogenesis of som e skin diseases.

Androgens/Androgen Receptor in the Management of Skin Diseases

Beyond regulation of male sexual function, the increasing evidence shows that androgens and androgen receptor (AR) have a variety of physiological and pathological effects on the skin. Skin cells express all androgen metabolizing enzymes that are required for independent skin androgen synthesis and the development of hyperandrogenic related disorders such as acne, hirsutism and androgenetic alopecia. Targeting various elements of androgen function and metabolism is the major goal of medication design for the treatment of androgen-related diseases. Antiandrogen drugs such as clascoterone, flutamide could improve conditions. Even though the involvement of androgens and AR in skin diseases has been investigated for a long time, their molecular mechanisms in skin disorders remain largely insufficient. In this review, recent studies and advances on the role of androgens/AR in several skin-related diseases and their therapeutics are systematically summarized.

Deep Learning Based Automated Diagnosis of Skin Diseases Using Dermoscopy

Biomedical image analysis has been exploited considerably by recent technology involvements,carrying about a pattern shift towards‘automation’and‘error free diagnosis’classification methods with markedly improved accurate diagnosis productivity and cost effectiveness.This paper proposes an automated deep learning model to diagnose skin disease at an early stage by using Dermoscopy images.The proposed model has four convolutional layers,two maxpool layers,one fully connected layer and three dense layers.All the convolutional layers are using the kernel size of 3∗3 whereas the maxpool layer is using the kernel size of 2∗2.The dermoscopy images are taken from the HAM10000 dataset.The proposed model is compared with the three different models of ResNet that are ResNet18,ResNet50 and ResNet101.The models are simulated with 32 batch size and Adadelta optimizer.The proposed model has obtained the best accuracy value of 0.96 whereas the ResNet101 model has obtained 0.90,the ResNet50 has obtained 0.89 and the ResNet18 model has obtained value as 0.86.Therefore,features obtained from the proposed model are more capable for improving the classification performance of multiple skin disease classes.This model can be used for early diagnosis of skin disease and can also act as a second opinion tool for dermatologists.

Helicobacter pylori and inflammatory skin diseases

Throughout the history of mankind, infections have been the major cause of diseases. Over the last decades, not only the incidence of emerging infectious diseases have increased, but also tremendous strides have been made in understanding the biology of several pathogenic microorganisms. Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is a spiral-shaped, gram-negative bacterium, which infects over the half of the world's population. H. pylori has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of gastrointestinal disorders. However, new researches have demonstrated that H. pylori is also involved in the pathogenesis of various extragastric diseases. The difference in the clinical outcome of H. pylori infection may be explained, at least in part, by host response to the infection and H. pylori virulence factors. It is obvious that as developments in the research on H. pylori spring up, an understanding of the pathophysiology of H. pylori infection will continue to be identified. Here in this review, we summarize the current knowledge about H. pylori and its association with inflammatory skin diseases.

Ethnomedicinal plants used in the treatment of skin diseases in Hyderabad Karnataka region,Karnataka,India

Objective:To document traditional medicinal plants knowledge used in treating skin diseases at Hyderabad Karnataka Region.Methods:The information on the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of skin diseases was gathered from traditional herbal healers and other villagers through interviews.Results:A total of 60 plants species belonging to 57 genera and 34 families were found useful and herewith described them along with the method of drug preparation,mode of administration,probable dosage and duration of treatment.Several new findings on the traditional rural practices were reported.Conclusions:The present study revealed that the Hyderabad Kamataka rural people is primarily dependent on medicinal plants for treating skin diseases.

Knowledge explosion for monogenic skin diseases

During the past few decades, the investigative technologies of molecular biology- especially sequencing-underwent huge advances, leading to the sequencing of the entire human genome, as well as the identification of several candidate genes and the causative geneticvariations that are responsible for monogenic skin diseases. These advances provided a solid basis for subsequent studies elucidating mechanisms of monogenic skin diseases and improving our understanding of common skin diseases. Furthermore, these discoveries also contributed to the development of novel therapeutic modalities for monogenic skin diseases. In this review, we have used the disease spectrum caused by mutations in the CYLD gene- Brooke-Spiegler syndrome, familial cylindromatosis and multiple familial trichoepithelioma type 1- as a model for demonstrating the knowledge explosion for this group of diseases.

Clinical Efficacy and Adverse Reactions of Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Malignant Skin Tumors and Precancerous Skin Diseases

The purpose of the study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of malignant skin tumors and precancerous skin diseases.First of all,100 patients with malignant skin tumor and pre-cancer skin disease admitted to our hospital from January 20,2018 to September 18,2018 were selected,and all of them adopted photodynamic therapy.The 100 patients included 40 cases of basal cell carcinoma,14 cases of squamous cell carcinoma,7 cases of proliferative erythema,9 cases of Bowen’s disease and 39 cases of solar keratosis.Among the 100 patients,77 cases had excellent curative effect,18 cases had good effect and 5 cases had poor effect,and the overall effective rate was 95%(95/100).After 6 months of follow-up,5 cases of basal cell carcinoma,2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma,0 cases of proliferative erythra,1 case of Bowen’s disease and 3 cases of solar keratosis recurred,with an overall recurrence rate of 14%(14/100).The adverse reactions of pruritus were 90%(90/100),81%(81/100),90%(90/100)and 3%(3/100).Therefore,the application of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of malignant skin tumors and precancerous skin diseases is not only effective,but also safe and not easy to relapse.

Skin diseases in tea collectors

The tea collection is a difficult and laborious task, but few studies have analyzed risks by work activities or the work environment. To investigate the effects of work activities and work environment on tea collectors by looking from dermatological perspective, detailed dermatological examination was performed on tea collectors and clinical backgrounds of the participants were questioned and all findings were noted. The participants clinically suspected for skin, hair and nail infections have been referred to our hospital microbiology laboratory for sampling. The most common diseases in the participants were allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis and acute paronychia. These three diseases accounted for 59.1% of the total diseases in tea collectors. Clinical background story was unremarkable in the vast majority of participants. The current study draws attention to this business area and health problems of tea collectors. The authors think that, use of protective equipment such as masks and gloves during working and receiving of safety training related to their job will decrease work-related health problems of tea collectors.

Molecular and therapeutic landscape of ferroptosis in skin diseases

Regulated cell death(RCD)is a critical physiological process essential in maintaining skin homeostasis.Among the various forms of RCD,ferroptosis stands out due to its distinct features of iron accumulation,lipid peroxidation,and involvement of various inhibitory antioxidant systems.In recent years,an expanding body of research has solidly linked ferroptosis to the emergence of skin disorders.Therefore,understanding the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in skin diseases is crucial for advancing therapy and prevention strategies.This review commences with a succinct elucidation of the mechanisms that underpin ferroptosis,embarks on a thorough exploration of ferroptosis’s role across a spectrum of skin conditions,encompassing melanoma,psoriasis,systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),vitiligo,and dermatological ailments precipitated by ultraviolet(UV)exposure,and scrutinizes the potential therapeutic benefits of pharmacological interventions aimed at modulating ferroptosis for the amelioration of skin diseases.

The critical importance of epigenetics in autoimmune-related skin diseases

Autoimmune-related skin diseases are a group of disorders with diverse etiology and pathophysiology involved in autoimmunity.Genetics and environmental factors may contribute to the development of these autoimmune disorders.Although the etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders are poorly understood,environmental variables that induce aberrant epigenetic regulations may provide some insights.Epigenetics is the study of heritable mechanisms that regulate gene expression without changing DNA sequences.The most important epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation,histone modification,and noncoding RNAs.In this review,we discuss the most recent findings regarding the function of epigenetic mechanisms in autoimmune-related skin disorders,including systemic lupus erythematosus,bullous skin diseases,psoriasis,and systemic sclerosis.These findings will expand our understanding and highlight the possible clinical applications of precision epigenetics approaches.

Bioengineered skin organoids:from development to applications

Signifcant advancements have been made in recent years in the development of highly sophisticated skin organoids.Serving as three-dimensional(3D)models that mimic human skin,these organoids have evolved into complex structures and are increasingly recognized as efective alternatives to traditional culture models and human skin due to their ability to overcome the limitations of two-dimensional(2D)systems and ethical concerns.The inherent plasticity of skin organoids allows for their construction into physiological and pathological models,enabling the study of skin development and dynamic changes.This review provides an overview of the pivotal work in the progression from 3D layered epidermis to cyst-like skin organoids with appendages.Furthermore,it highlights the latest advancements in organoid construction facilitated by state-of-the-art engineering techniques,such as 3D printing and microfuidic devices.The review also summarizes and discusses the diverse applications of skin organoids in developmental biology,disease modelling,regenerative medicine,and personalized medicine,while considering their prospects and limitations.

Skin diseases in the Da Qing Diabetes Study:a cross-sectional study

Background:The prevalence of skin diseases and diabetes mellitus(DM)are prominent around the world.The current scope of knowledge regarding the prevalence of skin diseases and comorbidities with type 2 DM(T2DM)is limited,leading to limited recognition of the correlations between skin diseases and T2DM.Methods:We collected 383 subjects from the Da Qing Diabetes Study during the period from July 9th to September 1st,2016.The subjects were categorized into three groups:Normal glucose tolerance(NGT),impaired glucose tolerance(IGT),and T2DM.The prevalence and clinical characteristics of skin diseases were recorded and investigated.Results:In this cross-sectional study,383 individuals with ages ranging from 53 to 89-year-old were recruited.The overall prevalence of skin diseases was 93.5%,and 75.7%of individuals had two or more kinds of skin diseases.Additionally,there were 47 kinds of comorbid skin diseases in patients with T2DM,of which eight kinds of skin diseases had a prevalence>10%.The prevalence of skin diseases in NGT,IGT,and T2DM groups were 93.3%,91.5%,and 96.6%,respectively;stratified analysis by categories showed a statistically significant difference in"disturbances of pigmentation"and"neurological and psychogenic dermatoses".The duration of T2DM also significantly associated with the prevalence of"disturbances of pigmentation"and"neurological and psychogenic dermatoses".Subsequently,the prevalence of"disturbances of pigmentation"was higher in males than females in NGT(P<0.01)and T2DM(P<0.01)groups.In addition,the difference in the prevalence of"disturbances of pigmentation"was also significant in NGT and T2DM groups(P<0.01).Conclusions:There was a high prevalence of skin diseases in the Da Qing Diabetes Study.To address the skin diseases in the Da Qing Diabetes Study,increased awareness and intervention measures should be implemented.

Global output of research on epidermal parasitic skin diseases from 1967 to 2017

Background:Epidermal parasitic skin diseases(EPSD)occur in most countries and cause a considerable health and economic burden,particularly in the tropics and subtropics.The aim of this study was to assess and analyse peerreviewed literature on EPSD in humans.The results of this study serve as an indicator of the extent the scientific community,health authorities,and international health agencies interact with EPSD as a health problem that is commonly associated with poverty and poor hygiene.Methods:A bibliometric analysis methodology was used.The Scopus database was used to retrieve documents about EPSD for the study period(1967-2017).The study focused on scabies,tungiasis,pediculosis,hookwormrelated cutaneous larva migrans(HrCLM),myiasis,and cutaneous strongyloidiasis.Documents that specifically and explicitly discuss EPSD in animals,aquatic organisms,and birds were excluded.Results:In total,4186 documents were retrieved.A fluctuated growth of publications on EPSD in the past five decades was found.The retrieved documents received 43301 citations,an average of 10.3 citations per article and an h-index of 74.The keywords“scabies”and was the most commonly encountered keyword followed by the keywords“head lice”and“pediculosis”.The most active journal involved in publishing articles on EPSD was the International Journal of Dermatology(164;3.9%).Researchers from 93 different countries published the retrieved articles.The USA led with 735(17.6%)documents,followed by the UK(274;6.5%),and Germany(259;6.2%).In terms of institutions,the Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin in Germany was the most active in this field with 78(1.9%)publications,followed by the Universidade Federal do Cearáin Brazil with 52(1.2%)publications.Conclusions:Research on scabies and pediculosis dominated the field of EPSD research to the expense of tungiasis,HrCLM,myiasis,and cutaneous strongyloidiasis.There was an underrepresentation of literature from the tropics and subtropics despite EPSD being common in these areas.This could possibly be explained by the presence of limited number of non-English journals in the Scopus database.International research collaborations and research networking should be strengthened to help advance and prioritize research on EPSD.

Roles of Kallikrein-Related Peptidase in Epidermal Barrier Function and Related Skin Diseases

Introduction The skin barrier usually refers to the physical barrier formed by the cuticle and sebum membrane of the skin.This barrier not only protects against the onslaught of microorganisms and percutaneous penetration of chemicals and allergens but also prevents the loss of nutrients and moisture from the body.Corneodesmosomes play an important role in maintaining the function of the keraphyllous skin barrier.Desmogleins,desmocollin,and corneodesmosin are examples of corneodesmosomes.

Early SkinDiseaseIdentification Using Deep Neural Network

Skin lesions detection and classification is a prominent issue and difficult even for extremely skilled dermatologists and pathologists.Skin disease is the most common disorder triggered by fungus,viruses,bacteria,allergies,etc.Skin diseases are most dangerous and may be the cause of serious damage.Therefore,it requires to diagnose it at an earlier stage,but the diagnosis therapy itself is complex and needs advanced laser and photonic therapy.This advance therapy involvesfinancial burden and some other ill effects.Therefore,it must use artificial intelligence techniques to detect and diagnose it accurately at an earlier stage.Several techniques have been proposed to detect skin disease at an earlier stage but fail to get accuracy.Therefore,the primary goal of this paper is to classify,detect and provide accurate information about skin diseases.This paper deals with the same issue by proposing a high-performance Convolution neural network(CNN)to classify and detect skin disease at an earlier stage.The complete meth-odology is explained in different folds:firstly,the skin diseases images are pre-processed with processing techniques,and secondly,the important feature of the skin images are extracted.Thirdly,the pre-processed images are analyzed at different stages using a Deep Convolution Neural Network(DCNN).The approach proposed in this paper is simple,fast,and shows accurate results up to 98%and used to detect six different disease types.

The Frequency of Skin Tumors and Infections in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases

Background: Autoimmune diseases are a vast array of organ-specific as well as systemic diseases, whose pathogenesis results from the activation of B and T lymphocytes reacting against antigens of the body’s own tissues (defined as self). Objective: To record skin tumors and infections in all autoimmune diseases gathered together in a one pathological state, compared with renal transplant recipients and normal control. Patients and Methods: Four hundred patients with different autoimmune diseases were examined. Fifty patients with pemphigus (15 males, 35 females) are aged from 20 - 70 (41.23 ± 3.89) years. Fifty patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (50 females) are aged from 17 - 45 (30.58 ± 10.08) years. One hundred patients with vitiligo (59 males, 41 females) are aged from 9 - 71 (42.89 ± 5.28) years. One hundred patients with alopecia areata (42 males, 58 females) are aged from 7 - 52 (38.67 ± 9.52) years. One hundred patients with psoriasis (56 males, 44 females) are aged from 7 - 71 (47.36 ± 8.62) years were evaluated. One hundred twenty kidney transplant recipients’ (101 males, 19 females) ages ranged from 14 - 70 (45.43 ± 4.63) years. All patients were examined thoroughly for any cutaneous manifestations and tumors and the findings were compared with the general population as a control group, which consisted of 500 healthy control individuals whose ages ranged from 20 - 71 (44.53 ± 11.48) years. This case series, descriptive, controlled study was performed in Baghdad Teaching Hospital from June 2014 to October 2015. Results: In renal transplant recipients, the findings were observed as follow herpetic infection in 30(25%), bacterial 12(10%) while fungal 24(20%) patients. These infections appeared early in the course of immunosuppression. While the tumors were noticed, the benign tumors were the commonest manifestations, which included viral warts in 45(37.5%) followed by actinic keratosis 15(12.5%), seborrheic keratosis 14(11.6%), sebaceous hyperplasia 13(10.8%) and keratoacanthoma 1(0.8%). While the malignant tumors were basal cell carcinoma 4(3.3%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma 3(2.5%), and kaposi’s sarcoma 4(3.3%), Bowen’s disease 1(0.8%). These malignancy usually appeared late in the course of immunosuppression. In pemphigus, viral warts were observed in 4(8%) cases;fungal infection was seen in 4(8%) cases and bacterial infections in 2(4%) of cases and herpetic infection in only 1(2%) of case;no tumors were found in all patients. In vitiligo, viral warts were observed in 2(2%) cases, while seborrhic keratosis and sebaceous hyperplasia were observed in 1(1%) case;herpetic and fungal infections were seen in 3(3%) of cases while bacterial infections were recorded in 2(2%) of cases but no tumors were found in all patients. In alopecia areata viral warts were observed in 9(9%) of cases, sebaceous hyperplasia in 1(1%) case, herpetic and bacterial in 3(3%) of cases and fungal in 4(4%) of cases;no tumors were found in all patients. In systemic lupus erythymatosus (SLE) viral warts were observed in 4(8%) of cases, herpetic infection in 12(12%) of cases, fungal infection in 10(20%) of cases, bacterial infection in 3(3%) of cases and sebaceous hyperplasia in only 1(2%) of case, but no tumors were seen. In psoriasis, viral warts were observed in 14(14%) of cases, herpetic infection in 10(10%) of cases, bacterial infection in 3(3%) of cases, fungal infection in 2(2%) of cases, sebaceous hyperplasia in 2(2%) of cases and seborrhiec hyperkeratosis in 1(1%) case, while no tumors were demonstrated. In healthy control individuals, herpetic infection was present in 36(7.2%) and viral warts in 52(10.4%) individuals, fungal infection in 29(5.8%) of individuals and regarding tumors solar keratosis was present in 24(4.8%);basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were present in 2(0.4%) individuals of each. Conclusions: Patients with autoimmune diseases were protected against infections and tumors while kidney transplant recipients had no such protection although all these groups were on prolonged immunosuppression.

机器人辅助下椎体后凸成形术改良示踪器固定方式治疗Kümmell’s病的安全性及临床疗效分析

目的 比较天玑机器人辅助下经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty, PKP)中,棘突夹固定与贴皮固定示踪器治疗Kümmell’s病的安全性和临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年7月安徽医科大学第一附属医院收治的113例单发椎体Kümmell’s病患者临床资料,根据示踪器固定方式,分为传统组(棘突夹固定,52例)和改良组(贴皮固定,61例)。比较两组患者工作通道建立时间、手术时间、术中出血量、术中辐射剂量、骨水泥注入量、分布及渗漏情况,以及术前、术后的椎体后凸Cobb角度、椎体高度、目测类比评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数。结果 两组病例均未出现机器人辅助下穿刺失败患者,患者均获随访12~24个月、平均(16.1±5.1)个月;两组患者术后椎体后凸Cobb角、椎体高度、目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数均较术前明显改善(P<0.05);改良组的工作通道建立时间、手术时间、术中出血量及术后第1天的目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数均显著优于传统组(P<0.05);两组患者在术中辐射剂量、术后椎体后凸Cobb角度、椎体高度、末次随访目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数、骨水泥注入量、分布及渗漏方面,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 机器人辅助下PKP治疗Kümmell’s病过程中安装棘突夹与贴皮固定示踪器均能安全、有效地完成手术,并取得良好的临床疗效,其中改良贴皮固定示踪器可减少创伤、有效缩短手术时间,更有利于患者早期康复。

改善认知的心理护理对老年损容性皮肤病患者心理健康的影响

目的探讨改善认知的心理护理对老年损容性皮肤病患者心理健康的影响。方法选取2022年1月至2023年12月于济南市皮肤病防治院门诊就诊的140例老年损容性皮肤病患者,通过随机数字表法分为两组,各70例。试验组接受针对性的心理支持,对照组接受常规皮肤病治疗及健康宣教,两组均干预1个月。比较两组的干预前后的心理状态[焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)]和生存质量[世界卫生组织生活质量测定量表(WHO QOL-100)]。结果干预前,两组SAS、SDS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,两组SAS、SDS评分均较干预前均降低(P<0.05),且试验组SAS、SDS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预前,两组WHO QOL-100评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,两组WHO QOL-100评分均较干预前提高(P<0.05),且试验组WHO QOL-100评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论通过实施综合性的心理护理干预,不仅可以改善老年损容性皮肤病患者当前的心理状态,还可能对其疾病的长期管理和康复过程产生积极影响。

梨采后黑皮病的发生机制、影响因素和调控措施研究进展

梨是全球大宗水果之一,产后大部分进入中长期贮藏,满足不同时间和空间的市场供应,因此采后贮运是梨果保质增值和产业健康发展的重要环节。然而,梨果采后果皮表面易发生黑皮病。作为一种生理性病害,黑皮病常出现在贮藏后期及出库后的货架期。因发病原因复杂,目前没有有效的保鲜措施,黑皮病成为梨果实采后贮运亟待解决的主要问题。文章阐述了近年来有关梨采后黑皮病发生的可能性机制,分析探讨了品种、产地、成熟度、贮藏环境等因素对梨采后黑皮病发生率的影响,同时从温度调控、气体调控、激素调控等方面总结了防控梨黑皮病发生的保鲜措施,并对今后梨果黑皮病的进一步研究提出了建议,以期为梨果采后贮运保鲜的理论研究和技术开发提供参考。