In the wake of ever-increasing environmental pollution, human skin in the modern urban world is exposed to increased levels of harmful environmental pollutants. Many studies have shown that these pollutants can weaken...In the wake of ever-increasing environmental pollution, human skin in the modern urban world is exposed to increased levels of harmful environmental pollutants. Many studies have shown that these pollutants can weaken the epidermal skin barrier and thus facilitate the penetration of these substances into the skin. An important goal of modern skin care against harmful environmental influences should therefore be to protect and strengthen the epidermal barrier and to repair occurring damage quickly and efficiently. With this in mind, in the present study we investigated what damage cigarette smoke causes to the epidermal barrier and 1) whether the regular application of a O/W emulsion (Day Cream) can protectively strengthen the epidermal barrier against environmental damage and 2) whether a cigarette smoke-induced disruption of the epidermal barrier is restored faster and better by the regular application of a another O/W emulsion (Night Cream) than in product-untreated skin. The two products are slightly different in plant-oil, active ingredient composition and texture. Firstly, the study has shown that the Lipbarvis<sup>?</sup> method is suitable for measuring the effect of cigarette smoke, in contrast to conventional biophysical measurement methods (transepidermal water loss, skin hydration). Secondly, both products were able to improve skin barrier function in the corresponding test scenario. This was demonstrated for both test products by a significantly reduced TEWL, significantly increased skin hydration and significantly improved length of the lipid lamellae in the intercellular space, as well as the protective effect of the day cream on the epidermal skin barrier and the regenerative properties of the tested night cream. .展开更多
New ionization and detection techniques in mass spectrometry have been successfully applied for efficient analyses of complex biological systems. It is, however, still difficult to trace structural changes of a specif...New ionization and detection techniques in mass spectrometry have been successfully applied for efficient analyses of complex biological systems. It is, however, still difficult to trace structural changes of a specific molecular species in such systems. In the present study, a molecular probe strategy in combination with tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry has been examined using synthetic deuterium-labeled phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PC-OOH/D3) and ethyl-labeled phosphatidylcholine having docosahexaenoic acid side chain (DHA-PC/Et). Administration of a mixture of PC-OOH/D3 and DHA-PC/Et to human blood and human skin surface, followed by extraction and analysis with collision-induced tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry demonstrated that metabolites of both molecular probes can be detected simultaneously with strict selectivity. The present method is also found to be useful in tracing chemical changes of the unstable docosahexaenoyl group on the surface of processed fish. The activity of phospholipase A2 can also be assessed using a phospholipid molecular probe with a linoleoyl and a deuteriomethyl group via selective detection of the lyso-phospholipid product by mass spectrometry. The advantage of the present method is that no chromatographic separation is required and analysis can be performed under strictly the same condition for different molecular probes, affording multiple data by one experiment. The present strategy may be useful for tracing time-dependent phenomena in dynamic phospholipid biochemistry, and can be widely used for any biological and food systems.展开更多
Objective: This work compares the occlusive effect and the penetration enhancement ability of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), through in vitro skin. Methods: SLN and NLC were p...Objective: This work compares the occlusive effect and the penetration enhancement ability of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), through in vitro skin. Methods: SLN and NLC were prepared by high shear homogenization and characterized by size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology and physical stability. Occlusive effect was assessed by an in vitro test and by measuring TEWL using pig skin. Skin treated with the lipid carriers was visualized by SEM. A penetration test through skin, followed by tape stripping, was carried out using Nile red as a marker. Results: SLN (200 ± 6 nm) and NLC (192 ± 11 nm) were obtained. An occlusion factor of 36% - 39% was observed for both systems, while a reduction in TEWL of 34.3% ± 14.8% and 26.2% ± 6.5% was seen after treatment with SLN and NLC, respectively. SEM images showed a film formed by the lipid carriers, responsible for the occlusion observed. No differences were found between the occlusive effect produced by SLN and NLC in both tests. NLC allowed the penetration of a greater amount of Nile red than SLN: 4.7 ± 1.3 μg and 1.7 ± 0.4 μg, respectively. Conclusion: Both carriers form a film on the skin, providing an occlusive effect with no differences between these two systems. The penetration of a marker (Nile red) into the stratum corneum was quite higher for NLC than for SLN, suggesting an influence of the composition of these particles on their penetration enhancing ability.展开更多
角质层细胞间脂质做为构成皮肤屏障的主要结构脂质成分,其含量的降低或结构的改变均会影响皮肤屏障功能的稳定。脂质代谢相关酶在脂质的合成、水解和分泌中起到了重要作用。本文综述了多种与脂质代谢相关的酶,如激肽释放酶(kallikreins,...角质层细胞间脂质做为构成皮肤屏障的主要结构脂质成分,其含量的降低或结构的改变均会影响皮肤屏障功能的稳定。脂质代谢相关酶在脂质的合成、水解和分泌中起到了重要作用。本文综述了多种与脂质代谢相关的酶,如激肽释放酶(kallikreins,KLKs)、脂肪酸延长酶(elongation of very long chain fatty acids,ELOVL)、β-葡糖脑苷脂酶(β-glucocerebrosidase,GCase)、酸性鞘磷脂酶(acidic sphingomyelinase,aSMase)、鞘磷脂脱酰酶等,同时也对酶与皮肤屏障之间的密切关系进行了阐述,以期为开发针对维护和修复皮肤屏障功能的护肤产品和洗涤用品等提供理论基础。展开更多
文摘In the wake of ever-increasing environmental pollution, human skin in the modern urban world is exposed to increased levels of harmful environmental pollutants. Many studies have shown that these pollutants can weaken the epidermal skin barrier and thus facilitate the penetration of these substances into the skin. An important goal of modern skin care against harmful environmental influences should therefore be to protect and strengthen the epidermal barrier and to repair occurring damage quickly and efficiently. With this in mind, in the present study we investigated what damage cigarette smoke causes to the epidermal barrier and 1) whether the regular application of a O/W emulsion (Day Cream) can protectively strengthen the epidermal barrier against environmental damage and 2) whether a cigarette smoke-induced disruption of the epidermal barrier is restored faster and better by the regular application of a another O/W emulsion (Night Cream) than in product-untreated skin. The two products are slightly different in plant-oil, active ingredient composition and texture. Firstly, the study has shown that the Lipbarvis<sup>?</sup> method is suitable for measuring the effect of cigarette smoke, in contrast to conventional biophysical measurement methods (transepidermal water loss, skin hydration). Secondly, both products were able to improve skin barrier function in the corresponding test scenario. This was demonstrated for both test products by a significantly reduced TEWL, significantly increased skin hydration and significantly improved length of the lipid lamellae in the intercellular space, as well as the protective effect of the day cream on the epidermal skin barrier and the regenerative properties of the tested night cream. .
文摘New ionization and detection techniques in mass spectrometry have been successfully applied for efficient analyses of complex biological systems. It is, however, still difficult to trace structural changes of a specific molecular species in such systems. In the present study, a molecular probe strategy in combination with tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry has been examined using synthetic deuterium-labeled phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PC-OOH/D3) and ethyl-labeled phosphatidylcholine having docosahexaenoic acid side chain (DHA-PC/Et). Administration of a mixture of PC-OOH/D3 and DHA-PC/Et to human blood and human skin surface, followed by extraction and analysis with collision-induced tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry demonstrated that metabolites of both molecular probes can be detected simultaneously with strict selectivity. The present method is also found to be useful in tracing chemical changes of the unstable docosahexaenoyl group on the surface of processed fish. The activity of phospholipase A2 can also be assessed using a phospholipid molecular probe with a linoleoyl and a deuteriomethyl group via selective detection of the lyso-phospholipid product by mass spectrometry. The advantage of the present method is that no chromatographic separation is required and analysis can be performed under strictly the same condition for different molecular probes, affording multiple data by one experiment. The present strategy may be useful for tracing time-dependent phenomena in dynamic phospholipid biochemistry, and can be widely used for any biological and food systems.
文摘Objective: This work compares the occlusive effect and the penetration enhancement ability of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), through in vitro skin. Methods: SLN and NLC were prepared by high shear homogenization and characterized by size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology and physical stability. Occlusive effect was assessed by an in vitro test and by measuring TEWL using pig skin. Skin treated with the lipid carriers was visualized by SEM. A penetration test through skin, followed by tape stripping, was carried out using Nile red as a marker. Results: SLN (200 ± 6 nm) and NLC (192 ± 11 nm) were obtained. An occlusion factor of 36% - 39% was observed for both systems, while a reduction in TEWL of 34.3% ± 14.8% and 26.2% ± 6.5% was seen after treatment with SLN and NLC, respectively. SEM images showed a film formed by the lipid carriers, responsible for the occlusion observed. No differences were found between the occlusive effect produced by SLN and NLC in both tests. NLC allowed the penetration of a greater amount of Nile red than SLN: 4.7 ± 1.3 μg and 1.7 ± 0.4 μg, respectively. Conclusion: Both carriers form a film on the skin, providing an occlusive effect with no differences between these two systems. The penetration of a marker (Nile red) into the stratum corneum was quite higher for NLC than for SLN, suggesting an influence of the composition of these particles on their penetration enhancing ability.
文摘角质层细胞间脂质做为构成皮肤屏障的主要结构脂质成分,其含量的降低或结构的改变均会影响皮肤屏障功能的稳定。脂质代谢相关酶在脂质的合成、水解和分泌中起到了重要作用。本文综述了多种与脂质代谢相关的酶,如激肽释放酶(kallikreins,KLKs)、脂肪酸延长酶(elongation of very long chain fatty acids,ELOVL)、β-葡糖脑苷脂酶(β-glucocerebrosidase,GCase)、酸性鞘磷脂酶(acidic sphingomyelinase,aSMase)、鞘磷脂脱酰酶等,同时也对酶与皮肤屏障之间的密切关系进行了阐述,以期为开发针对维护和修复皮肤屏障功能的护肤产品和洗涤用品等提供理论基础。
