Calculation of foundation pit deformation caused by deep excavation considering influence of loading and unloading

A new analytical solution for ground surface settlement induced by deep excavation is proposed based on the elastic half space Melan’s solution,and the analytical model is related to the physical and mechanical properties of soil with the loading and unloading action during excavation process.The change law of earth pressure of the normal consolidation soil after the foundation pit excavation was analyzed,and elastic displacement calculation methods of analytic solution were further established given the influence of excavation and unloading.According to the change of stress state in the excavation process of foundation pit,the planar mechanical analysis model of the foundation excavation problem was established.By combining this model with the physical equations and geometric equations of plane strain problem with consideration of the loading and unloading modulus of soil,constitutive equation of the plane strain problem was also established.The loading and unloading modulus formula was obtained by using the parameter calculation method in Duncan-Chang curve model.The constitutive equation obtained from the model was used to calculate the soil stress state of each point to determine its loading and unloading modulus.Finally,the foundation pit displacement change after excavation was calculated,and thus the soil pressure distribution after retaining structure deformation.The theoretical results calculated by making corresponding programs were applied to engineering practice.By comparing the conventional calculation results with monitoring results,the practicability and feasibility of the calculation model were verified,which should provide a theoretical basis for similar projects.

Long-lasting,reinforced electrical networking in a high-loading Li_(2)S cathode for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries

Realizing a lithium sulfide(Li_(2)S)cathode with both high energy density and a long lifespan requires an innovative cathode design that maximizes electrochemical performance and resists electrode deterioration.Herein,a high-loading Li_(2)S-based cathode with micrometric Li_(2)S particles composed of two-dimensional graphene(Gr)and one-dimensional carbon nanotubes(CNTs)in a compact geometry is developed,and the role of CNTs in stable cycling of high-capacity Li–S batteries is emphasized.In a dimensionally combined carbon matrix,CNTs embedded within the Gr sheets create robust and sustainable electron diffusion pathways while suppressing the passivation of the active carbon surface.As a unique point,during the first charging process,the proposed cathode is fully activated through the direct conversion of Li_(2)S into S_(8) without inducing lithium polysulfide formation.The direct conversion of Li_(2)S into S_(8) in the composite cathode is ubiquitously investigated using the combined study of in situ Raman spectroscopy,in situ optical microscopy,and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy.The composite cathode demonstrates unprecedented electrochemical properties even with a high Li_(2)S loading of 10 mg cm^(–2);in particular,the practical and safe Li–S full cell coupled with a graphite anode shows ultra-long-term cycling stability over 800 cycles.

Perlecan/Hspg2 Deficiency Impairs Bone’s Calcium Signaling and Associated Transcriptome in Response to Mechanical Loading

Perlecan,a heparan sulfate proteoglycan,acts as a mechanical sensor for bone to detect external loading.Deficiency of perlecan increases the risk of osteoporosis in patients with Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome(SJS)and attenuates loading4nduced bone formation in perlecan deficient mice(Hypo).Considering that intracellular calcium[Ca2+]i is an ubiquitous messenger controlling numerous cellular processes including mechanotransduction,we hypothesized that perlecan deficiency impairs bone’s calcium signaling in response to loading.To test this,we performed real-time[Ca2+]i imaging on in situ osteocytes of adult murine tibiae under cyclic loading(8 N,Figure 1).Relative to wild type(WT),Hypo osteocytes showed decreases in the overall[Ca2+]i response rate(-58%),calcium peaks(-33%),cells with multiple peaks(-53%),peak magnitude(-6.8%),and recovery speed to baseline(-23%).RNA sequencing and pathway analysis of tibiae from mice subjected to one or seven days of unilateral loading demonstrated that perlecan deficiency significantly suppressed the calcium signaling,ECM-receptor interaction,and focal adhesion pathways following repetitive loading.Defects in the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)calcium cycling regulators such as Ryr1/ryanodine receptors and Atp2a1/Sercal calcium pumps were identified in Hypo bones.Taken together,impaired calcium signaling may contribute to bone’s reduced anabolic response to loading,underlying the osteoporosis risk for the SJS patients.

EXACT SOLUTION FOR A TWO-DIMENSIONAL LAMB'S PROBLEM DUE TO A STRIP IMPULSE LOADING

By applying the integral transform method and the inverse transformation technique based upon the two types of integration, the present paper has successfully obtained an exact algebraic solution for a two-dimensional Lamb＇s problem due to a strip impulse loading for the first time. With the algebraic result, the excitation and propagation processes of stress waves, including the longitudinal wave, the transverse wave, and Rayleigh-wave, are discussed in detail. A few new conclusions have been drawn from currently available integral results or computational results.

An improved model for predicting effective Young's modulus of the twisted structure under cyclic loading:taking into account the untwisting effect

Twist structures have diverse applications, ranging from dragline, electrical cable, and intelligent structure. Among these applications, tension deformation can＇t be avoided during the fabrication and working processes, which often leads to the twist structure rotation （called untwisting effect） and twist pitch increasing. As a consequence, this untwisting behavior has a large effect on the effective Young＇s modulus. In this paper, we present an improved model based on the classical Costello＇s theory to predict the effective Young＇s modulus of the basic structure, twisted by three same copper strands under cyclic loading. Series of experiments were carried out to verify the present model taking into account the untwisting effect. The experimental results have better agreements with the presented model than the common Costello＇s model.

基于LSTNet-Skip的综合能源系统多元负荷超短期预测

随着用户侧用能需求多元化的发展,多元负荷的超短期预测对于动态的大型综合能源系统的规划和优化至关重要。为此,该文提出一种基于长期和短期时间序列网络的多元负荷超短期预测模型。首先采用卷积神经网络来提取多元负荷之间的局部依赖关系,然后使用长短期记忆网络捕获负荷序列的长期依赖关系,使用具有循环跳过结构的长短期记忆网络充分学习负荷序列的超长期重复模式,最后采用自回归层和全连接层进行组合预测。使用平均绝对百分比误差和均方根误差作为评价指标,利用美国亚利桑那州立大学坦佩校区综合能源系统数据集进行验证,并与3种负荷预测方法比较。实验结果表明,提出的预测模型均优于其他方法且有较高的预测精度。

宽负荷下切圆燃煤锅炉H_(2)S分布特性的数值模拟

锅炉采用空气分级燃烧降低NO_(x)排放的同时也提高了主燃区H_(2)S体积分数。炉墙壁面过高的H_(2)S体积分数是加剧水冷壁高温腐蚀的重要因素。为保障新能源并网发电,大型燃煤机组灵活调峰的需求增加,不同负荷下的水冷壁近壁面H_(2)S分布特性值得关注。通过正交试验分析了切圆燃煤锅炉运行参数对水冷壁近壁面H_(2)S体积分数分布的影响。选取一台超临界600 MW切圆燃煤锅炉建立数值模型,设计L_(16)(4^(5))正交工况,覆盖100%BMCR、75%THA,50%THA以及35%BMCR四种负荷。建立了自定义SO_(x)生成模型以确定燃料硫的析出和转化路径,模型包含多表面反应子模型以描述焦炭与O_(2)/CO_(2)/H_(2)O等3种气体的异相反应,并确定焦炭气化反应消耗量占总消耗量的比例,进而对炉膛H_(2)S空间分布进行了模拟计算。研究表明,近壁面高体积分数H_(2)S区域主要位于投运燃烧器层中最下层燃烧器以下以及最上层燃烧器以上至SOFA层之间,烟气切圆沿炉膛高度增加逐渐增大是造成后一区域H_(2)S体积分数较高的重要原因。35%BMCR负荷下水冷壁重点区域的H_(2)S平均体积分数为364μL/L,明显低于其他负荷。锅炉运行参数对重点区域H_(2)S体积分数影响程度的排序为:锅炉负荷>一次风率>主燃区空气过量系数>假想切圆直径>燃烧器竖直摆角。

基于S变换双阈值法的汽车零部件载荷谱加速编辑

针对S变换编辑法加速编辑效果不佳的问题,提出了一种基于S变换双阈值编辑方法。该方法先对载荷谱进行S变换以获取最大幅值谱,在以双阈值识别并保留的幅值谱片段为依据保留对应的载荷谱片段后,再将其拼接成加速后的载荷谱,最后对比分析S变换双阈值编辑法与S变换编辑法编辑的加速谱的统计参数、功率谱密度、穿级计数和疲劳仿真结果。研究结果表明,S变换双阈值编辑法可明显压缩原始载荷时间,且其压缩效率高于S变换编辑法,转向节的疲劳损伤和寿命分析误差更小,适用于汽车零部件载荷谱加速编辑研究。

Green's functions for uniformly distributed loads acting on an inclined line in a poroelastic layered site

Based on one type of practical Biot＇s equation and the dynamic-stiffness matrices ofa poroelastic soil layer and half-space, Green＇s functions were derived for unitformly distributed loads acting on an inclined line in a poroelastie layered site. This analysis overcomes significant problems in wave scattering due to local soil conditions and dynamic soil-structure interaction. The Green＇s functions can be reduced to the case of an elastic layered site developed by Wolf in 1985. Parametric studies are then carried out through two example problems.

Confusing untypical intestinal Behcet's disease:Skip ulcers with severe lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Behcet's disease(BD) is a rare and life-long disorder characterized by inflammation of blood vessels throughout the body. BD was originally described in 1937 as a syndrome involving oral and genital ulceration in addition to ocular inflammation. Intestinal BD refers to colonic ulcerative lesions documented by objective measures in patients with BD. Many studies have shown that over 40% of BD patients have gastrointestinal complaints. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, anorexia and abdominal distension. Although gastrointestinal symptoms are common, the demonstration of gastrointestinal ulcers is rare. This so-called intestinal BD accounts for approximately 1% of cases. There is no specific test for BD, and the diagnosis is based on clinical criteria. The manifestations of intestinal BD are similar to those of other colitis conditions such as Crohn's disease or intestinal tuberculosis, thus, it is challenging for gastroenterologists to accurately diagnose intestinal BD in patients with ileocolonic ulcers. However, giant ulcers distributed in the esophagus and ileocecal junction with gastrointestinal hemorrhage are rare in intestinal BD. Here, we present a case of untypical intestinal BD. The patient had recurrent aphthous ulceration of the oral mucosa, and esophageal and ileo-colonic ulceration, but no typical extra-intestinal symptoms. During examination, the patient had massive acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient underwent ileostomy after an emergency right hemicolectomy and partial ileectomy, and was subsequently diagnosed with incomplete-type intestinal BD by pathology. The literature on the evaluation and management of this condition is reviewed.

Dynamic analysis of slab track on multi-layered transversely isotropic saturated soils subjected to train loads

The dynamic responses of a slab track on transversely isotropic saturated soils subjected to moving train loads are investigated by a semi-analytical approach. The track model is described as an upper Euler beam to simulate the rails and a lower Euler beam to model the slab. Rail pads between the rails and slab are represented by a continuous layer of springs and dashpots. A series of point loads are formulated to describe the moving train loads. The governing equations of track-ground systems are solved using the double Fourier transform, and the dynamic responses in the time domain are obtained by the inverse Fourier transform. The results show that a train load with high velocity will generate a larger response in transversely isotropic saturated soil than the lower velocity load, and special attention should be paid on the pore pressure in the vicinity of the ground surface. The anisotropic parameters of a surface soil layer will have greater influence on the displacement and excess pore water pressure than those of the subsoil layer. The traditional design method taking ground soil as homogeneous isotropic soil is unsafe for the case of RE 〈 1 and RG 〈 1, so a transversely isotropic foundation model is of great significance to the design for high train velocities.

嵌入式系统Bootloader分析及DSP56F800串口加载功能实现

简要分析嵌入式系统Bootloader和基于飞思卡尔DSP56F800串口加载功能的实现。可以让客户在无程序源代码的情况下方便地实现产品的程序加载工作。

Beyond Bloom’s: Students’ Perception of Bloom’s Taxonomy and its Convolution with Cognitive Load

Bloom’s taxonomy is widely used in educational research to categorize the cognitive skills required to answer exam questions.For this study,we analyzed how students categorize exam questions(high-level question or low-level question,)gathered data as to their rationale for categorization,and compared their categorizations to those of experts.We found that students consistently rank high-level questions incorrectly.We analyzed student reasons for their categorizations,and found that for many of the incorrectly categorized questions the students referred to reasons related to Cognitive Load Theory.This shows that cognitive load prevents students from accurately assessing the cognitive level of an exam question.Thus,extra cognitive load in exam questions may prevent those questions from accurately measuring the skills and knowledge of the student.This points to the need for instructors to eliminate cognitive load from their exams.

THE DYADIC GREEN'S FUNCTION IN A LOADED RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE AND ITS APPLICATION

This paper presents a method to derive the Dyadic Green’s Function(DGF)ofa loaded rectangular waveguide by using the image method.In the calculation of the DGF,we use the integral transformation and replace the multi-infinite summation by a single one;thus it greatly simplifies the calculation and saves computer time.As an example of the DGF’sapplication,we give the moment method’s scattering field calculation of a metal sphere resting onthe broad wall of the loaded rectangular waveguide.Results of our calculations well agree withboth data of experiments performed in our laboratory and those are published.It is easy to seethat the method used in this paper can be expanded to other related waveguide problems.

Wireless Network Security Using Load Balanced Mobile Sink Technique

Real-time applications based on Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)tech-nologies are quickly increasing due to intelligent surroundings.Among the most significant resources in the WSN are battery power and security.Clustering stra-tegies improve the power factor and secure the WSN environment.It takes more electricity to forward data in a WSN.Though numerous clustering methods have been developed to provide energy consumption,there is indeed a risk of unequal load balancing,resulting in a decrease in the network’s lifetime due to network inequalities and less security.These possibilities arise due to the cluster head’s limited life span.These cluster heads(CH)are in charge of all activities and con-trol intra-cluster and inter-cluster interactions.The proposed method uses Lifetime centric load balancing mechanisms(LCLBM)and Cluster-based energy optimiza-tion using a mobile sink algorithm(CEOMS).LCLBM emphasizes the selection of CH,system architectures,and optimal distribution of CH.In addition,the LCLBM was added with an assistant cluster head(ACH)for load balancing.Power consumption,communications latency,the frequency of failing nodes,high security,and one-way delay are essential variables to consider while evaluating LCLBM.CEOMS will choose a cluster leader based on the influence of the fol-lowing parameters on the energy balance of WSNs.According to simulatedfind-ings,the suggested LCLBM-CEOMS method increases cluster head selection self-adaptability,improves the network’s lifetime,decreases data latency,and bal-ances network capacity.

考虑整流性负载特性的LCC-S型无线电能传输系统优化设计

无线电能传输系统中的整流性负载具有非线性特征,而对系统传输特性分析和谐振参数设计时常采用基波分析法,将整流性负载等效为纯电阻,导致理论分析与实际存在一定偏差、系统偏离谐振状态。针对该问题,以LCC-S型无线电能传输系统为研究对象,考虑谐波以及整流性负载的非线性,对系统传输特性进行分析,进而提出基于整流性负载补偿的负载阻抗和接收端串联谐振电容参数的计算方法,并对逆变电路开关特性进行分析验证。所提接收端谐振参数设计方法能够使系统接收端回路谐振,提高系统的输出功率;降低逆变电路开关管的关断电流,提升系统的传输效率。搭建了一套2.5 kW的LCC-S型无线电能传输实验平台,验证了理论分析与所提参数设计方法的有效性和正确性。

A Note on the Effect of Negative Poisson’s Ratio on the Deformation of a Poroelastic Half-Space by Surface Loads

The aim of this note is to study the effect of negative Poisson’s ratio on the quasi-static deformation of a poroelastic half-space with anisotropic permeability and compressible fluid and solid constituents by surface loads. Two particular cases considered are: two-dimensional normal strip loading and axisymmetric normal disc loading. It is found that a negative Poisson’s ratio makes the Mandel-Cryer effect more prominent. It also results in an increase in the magnitude of the surface settlement.

新型内啮合S型齿轮啮合效率计算与分析

为了准确计算新型内啮合S型齿轮的啮合效率,引入了考虑轮齿表面滑差、润滑油状况及时变载荷等因素的弹流润滑时变摩擦模型;分析啮合齿面润滑机制,通过轮齿接触分析(Tooth ContactAnalysis,TCA)及轮齿承载接触分析,计算了啮合齿面滑动摩擦因数及摩擦损失功率;在此基础上,获得内啮合S型齿轮啮合周期内的瞬时啮合效率和平均啮合效率,并给出了计算实例。研究结果表明,在相同设计参数下,新型内啮合S型齿轮较渐开线齿轮有更高的啮合效率;经螺旋线修形后,新型内啮合S型齿轮的啮合效率有所提高且随修形量的增大而增大。

Conversion of LiPSs Accelerated by Pt-Doped Biomass-Derived Hyphae Carbon Nanobelts as Self-Supporting Hosts for Long-Lifespan Li-S Batteries

Rechargeable Li-S batteries(LSBs)are emerging as an important alternative to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),owing to their high energy densities and low cost;yet sluggish redox kinetics of LiPSs results in inferior cycle life.Herein,we prepared multifunctional self-supporting hyphae carbon nanobelt(HCNB)as hosts by carbonization of hyphae balls of Rhizopus,which could increase the S loading of the cathode without sacrificing reaction kinetics.Trace platinum(Pt)nanoparticles were introduced into HCNBs(PtHCNBs)by ion-beam sputtering deposition.Based on the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses,the introduced trace Pt regulated the local electronic states of heteroatoms in HCNBs.Electrochemical kinetics investigation combined with operando Raman measurements revealed the accelerated reaction mechanics of sulfur species.Benefiting from the synergistic catalytic effect and the unique structures,the as-prepared PtHCNB/MWNCT/S cathodes delivered a stable capacity retention of 77%for 400 cycles at 0.5 C with a sulfur loading of 4.6 mg cm^(-2).More importantly,remarkable cycling performance was achieved with an high areal S loading of 7.6 mg cm^(-2).This finding offers a new strategy to prolong the cycle life of LSBs.

水泵水轮机S特性对相继甩尾水最小压力的影响

为探究水泵水轮机全特性曲线S特性与尾水压力最小值的联系,基于新丰抽水蓄能电站的过渡过程数值仿真模型模拟了尾水最不利相继甩工况。通过调整机组运行轨迹线附近开度线斜率,对比分析并总结S区形状变化对相继甩工况尾水压力极值的影响规律,提出了一种图形指标,能够应用在抽蓄前期设计中评价S特性对尾水压力影响优劣,并验证其准确性。结果表明,相继甩工况后甩机组流量变化率第一波下降时,机组运行轨迹线呈现完整倒S形,S区形状变化改变了机组流量变化率的大小,导致出现在靠近轨迹线S形下拐点前的尾水压力极值发生变化,给出的图形指标形状越趋近于竖向细长的规则长方形,相应的尾水最小压力的改善效果越好。