基于磁流变减振器和天棚ON-OFF控制的汽车半主动悬架研究

介绍了磁流变减振器的特点与结构,论述了天棚ON-OFF控制的原理,基于磁流变减振器和天棚ON-OFF控制,对汽车半主动悬架进行运动仿真分析,并与被动悬架进行对比。研究结果表明,基于磁流变减振器和天棚ON-OFF控制的半主动悬架能够提升汽车行驶的稳定性。

Skyhook-based Semi-active Control of Full-vehicle Suspension with Magneto-rheological Dampers

The control study of vehicle semi-active suspension with magneto-rheological (MR) dampers has been attracted much attention internationally. However, a simple, real time and easy implementing semi-active controller has not been proposed for the MR full-vehicle suspension system, and a systematic analysis method has not been established for evaluating the multi-objective suspension performances of MR full-vehicle vertical, pitch and roll motions. For this purpose, according to the 7-degree of freedom (DOF) fullvehicle dynamic system, a generalized 7-DOF MR and passive full-vehicle dynamic model is set up by employing the modified Boucwen hysteretic force-velocity (F-v) model of the MR damper. A semi-active controller is synthesized to realize independent control of the four MR quarter-vehicle sub-suspension systems in the full-vehicle, which is on the basis of the proposed modified skyhook damping scheme of MR quarter-vehicle sub-suspension system. The proposed controller can greatly simplify the controller design complexity of MR full-vehicle suspension and has merits of easy implementation in real application, wherein only absolute velocities of sprung and unsprung masses with reference to the road surface are required to measure in real time when the vehicle is moving. Furthermore, a systematic analysis method is established for evaluating the vertical, pitch and roll motion properties of both MR and passive full-vehicle suspensions in a more realistic road excitation manner, in which the harmonic, rounded pulse and real road measured random signals with delay time are employed as different road excitations inserted on the front and rear two wheels, by considering the distance between front and rear wheels in full-vehicle. The above excitations with different amplitudes are further employed as the road excitations inserted on left and right two wheels for evaluating the roll motion property. The multi-objective suspension performances of ride comfort and handling safety of the proposed MR full-vehicle suspension are thus thoroughly evaluated by comparing with those of the passive full-vehicle suspension. The results show that the proposed controller can ideally improve multiobjective suspension performances of the ride comfort and handling safety. The proposed harmonic, rounded pulse and real road measured random signals with delay time and asymmetric amplitudes are suitable for accurately analyzing the vertical, pitch and roll motion properties of MR full-vehicle suspension system in a more realistic road excitation manner. This research has important theoretical significance for improving application study on the intelligent MR semi-active suspension.

Improved ON-OFF Semi-active Control Algorithm and Its Performance Simulation Analysis

To improve the switching time of the control force in standard sky-hook ON-OFF semi-active control algorithm,a stateadjust coefficient was adopted in the improved ON-OFF( ION-OFF)algorithm. In considering of the riding comfort and the handling stability of vehicle, a comprehensive performance assessment criterion on suspension system was established with the utilization of the corresponding passive suspension system. Several simulations and analyses were conducted on improved ON-OFF semi-active suspension system with the comparison of passive suspension system and ON-OFF semi-active suspension system. The simulation results showed that the optimal comprehensive performance of the improved ON-OFF suspension system could be achieved when the state-adjust coefficient equalled 0. 6 as the vehicle running on C level road with the speed of 10 m/s,and the comprehensive performance was better than ON-OFF suspension system. Conclusions could be drawn from the frequency domain analysis that the performance of riding comfort and handling stability were both improved in the low resonance frequency and the mid-frequency range. The fact could be known that the comprehensive performance of the suspension system was associated with the frequency of the riding road and the sprung mass( SM) with the analysis of affecting factors.

Growth and passivation of aluminum etch tunnels at on-off controlling direct current in 6 wt.% HCI solution

Growth and passivation of tunnels within Al foil by on-off controlling DC etching in 6 wt.% HCI solution has been investigated. It was found that, in a given etchant solution at a special temperature, the longest tunnel length was only a function of the turn-on interval of DC. The potential of Al foil broke at on-off controlling DC by the result from anode polarization curves and potential-time （E-t） responding curves. When DC was switched on, the potential increased abruptly over pitting potential, leading to nucleation of pits at the surface and the growth of tunnels at special length. When DC was switched off, the potential decreased rapidly to a passive value, leading to stoppage of nucleation and death of tunnels. By this way, the longest tunnel length can be controlled and a non-piercing layer can be obtained. Hence, etching of Al foil at this current is beneficial for maintaining a good mechanical strength.

Skyhook Surface Sliding Mode Control on Semi-Active Vehicle Suspension System for Ride Comfort Enhancement

A skyhook surface sliding mode control method was proposed and applied to the control on the semi-active vehicle suspension system for its ride comfort enhancement. A two degree of freedom dynamic model of a vehicle semi-active suspension system was given, which focused on the passenger’s ride comfort perform-ance. A simulation with the given initial conditions has been devised in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simula-tion results were showing that there was an enhanced level of ride comfort for the vehicle semi-active sus-pension system with the skyhook surface sliding mode controller.

基于磁流变阻尼器的隔震高架桥Skyhook控制

为进一步提高隔震高架桥的抗震性能,避免在强震下隔震支座位移过大,可以将附加减震措施与隔震支座配合使用,组成混合隔震系统。基于位移控制目标,研究了简化的两自由度高架桥线性模型分别在最优被动控制、LQR主动控制、LQR-Clipped磁流变(MR)阻尼器半主动控制及MR阻尼器Skyhook控制下的地震响应。研究结果表明,基于Skyhook控制的MR阻尼器控制效果可以达到LQR-Clipped控制的效果,相对最优被动控制也体现出一定的优越性。并且Skyhook控制系统简单,具有较强的实用价值。

基于TruckSim的重型商用车半主动悬架天棚控制研究

悬架是车辆底盘系统的关键组成部分之一,对车辆平顺性有十分重要的影响。传统的被动悬架无法根据车辆运行工况调整自身阻尼,减振效果有限,半主动悬架能够根据不同的运行工况实时调整自身阻尼,能够有效提升车辆平顺性。文章通过TruckSim和MATLAB/Simulink建立基于天棚控制策略的某重型商用车半主动悬架仿真模型和传统被动悬架仿真模型,并对两种悬架的减振效果进行了对比分析,结果表明,相比传统被动悬架,基于天棚控制策略的半主动悬架能够有效提升车辆平顺性,其中车身加速度均方根值降低22.9%,悬架动挠度均方根值降低15.1%,轮胎动载荷均方根值降低9.8%。

无人机天钩回收航迹控制系统设计与实现

天钩回收无人机在回收时对于航迹偏差等的控制精度要求苛刻,这对控制系统提出了挑战。提出一种用于无人机天钩回收航迹控制的新方法,设计无人机天钩回收航迹控制策略与流程,给出控制系统组成,基于某型无人机风洞试验数据,构建天钩回收无人机的线性化和非线性模型,利用优化L1航迹控制方法设计了航迹控制律,并在实际飞行试验中得到了应用,验证了所设计控制系统的正确性与工程实现性,最终的飞行试验结果表明,无人机能够在控制系统作用下实现精确天钩回收,且具有良好的动态特性。

基于模糊逻辑与天棚控制的半主动悬架策略研究

为了改善传统开关式天棚控制在切换状态时可能引起的震荡或不稳定情况,文章提出了一种融合天棚思想与模糊控制的半主动悬架控制策略。首先,通过将减振器动速度和簧载质量速度作为模糊控制的输入,经模糊规则运算求解出当前状态下的自适应阻尼系数;然后,输入至天棚控制中计算出当前状态的阻尼力,进而对车辆的动态性能进行调节;最后,使用CarSim及Simulink软件进行控制策略仿真验证。结果表明,较被动悬架及天棚控制,车辆质心垂向加速度均方根值分别下降了50.08%、6.41%,对车辆舒适性有一定程度上的提高。

SEMI-ACTIVE CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUSPENSION WITH MAGNETO-RHEOLOGICAL DAMPERS:PART Ⅰ——CONTROLLER SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION

A modified skyhook-based semi-active controller is proposed for implementing an asymmetric control suspension design with symmetric magneto-rheological （MR） dampers. The controller is formulated in current form, which is modulated by integrating a continuous modulation and an asymmetric damping force generation algorithms, so as to effectively minimize switching and hysteretic effects from the MR-damper. The proposed controller is implemented with a quarter-vehicle MR-suspension model, and its relative response characteristics are thus evaluated in terms of defined performance measures under varying amplitude harmonic, rounded pulse and random excitations. The sensitivity of the semi-active suspension performance to variations in controller parameters is thoroughly evaluated. The results illustrate that the proposed skyhook-based asymmetric semi-active MR-suspension controller has superior robustness on the system parameter variations, and can achieve desirable multi-objective suspension performance.

Adaptive Backstepping Control Design for Semi-Active Suspension of Half-Vehicle With Magnetorheological Damper

This paper investigates the problem of controlling half-vehicle semi-active suspension system involving a magnetorheological(MR)damper.This features a hysteretic behavior that is presently captured through the nonlinear Bouc-Wen model.The control objective is to regulate well the heave and the pitch motions of the chassis despite the road irregularities.The difficulty of the control problem lies in the nonlinearity of the system model,the uncertainty of some of its parameters,and the inaccessibility to measurements of the hysteresis internal state variables.Using Lyapunov control design tools,we design two observers to get online estimates of the hysteresis internal states and a stabilizing adaptive state-feedback regulator.The whole adaptive controller is formally shown to meet the desired control objectives.This theoretical result is confirmed by several simulations demonstrating the supremacy of the latter compared to the skyhook control and passive suspension.

A Lyapunov-based three-axis attitude intelligent control approach for unmanned aerial vehicle

A novel Lyapunov-based three-axis attitude intelligent control approach via allocation scheme is considered in the proposed research to deal with kinematics and dynamics regarding the unmanned aerial vehicle systems.There is a consensus among experts of this field that the new outcomes in the present complicated systems modeling and control are highly appreciated with respect to state-of-the-art.The control scheme presented here is organized in line with a new integration of the linear-nonlinear control approaches,as long as the angular velocities in the three axes of the system are accurately dealt with in the inner closed loop control.And the corresponding rotation angles are dealt with in the outer closed loop control.It should be noted that the linear control in the present outer loop is first designed through proportional based linear quadratic regulator(PD based LQR) approach under optimum coefficients,while the nonlinear control in the corresponding inner loop is then realized through Lyapunov-based approach in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances.In order to complete the inner closed loop control,there is a pulse-width pulse-frequency(PWPF) modulator to be able to handle on-off thrusters.Furthermore,the number of these on-off thrusters may be increased with respect to the investigated control efforts to provide the overall accurate performance of the system,where the control allocation scheme is realized in the proposed strategy.It may be shown that the dynamics and kinematics of the unmanned aerial vehicle systems have to be investigated through the quaternion matrix and its corresponding vector to avoid presenting singularity of the results.At the end,the investigated outcomes are presented in comparison with a number of potential benchmarks to verify the approach performance.

基于改进Skyhook算法的MRFDA系统抗震性能分析

为提高磁流变液阻尼器（magneto-rheological fluid damper,MRFD）控制系统的可靠性,提出一种基于改进Skyhook算法的MRFD Array（MRFDA）系统.通过该算法实现各MRFD单元间相互独立,多个单元组成具有互冗余性的平行阵列,单元失效不会导致全系统失效,使可靠性大幅提高.为验证实用效果,选用三条实际地震记录,对一栋7层钢框架结构进行双非线性时程分析.结果表明,按不同评价指标,该系统对位移响应和均方根加速度响应的控制能力,分别相当于经典Skyhook的76％～88％和165％～ 179％.基于改进Skyhook算法的MRFDA系统总体抗震性能不低于经典Skyhook,在可靠性、经济性、适用性和易维护性等方面有可观的优势,综合考虑,是一种很有潜力的结构控制新技术.

两种Skyhook阻尼实现方式在柔性隔振平台中的对比研究

利用Skyhook阻尼进行柔性隔振平台的主动隔振控制时,可以简单地通过调节控制增益实现对低频段隔振器模态共振响应的抑制,且不影响高频段的隔振性能。在实际使用中,Skyhook控制有两种常见的实现方式,即积分加速度反馈和积分力反馈。为分析两种实现方式用于柔性隔振平台时所产生的减振效果的差异,基于柔性Stewart型隔振平台,结合多个ADAMS和MATLAB联合仿真案例开展详细且直观的对比研究。结果表明,对于传统的柔性隔振平台,积分力反馈法会由于实际柔性铰链的残余刚度而不能完全抑制隔振器刚体模态的共振;并且对于有效载荷的低阶模态,同样以抑制低频刚体模态为目的而设计的积分加速度反馈主动控制比积分力反馈法有更好的阻尼效果。最后,给出了对于两种控制方式选取和相应平台设计的意见。

Temperature Intelligent Control System of Large-Scale Standing Quench Furnace

Considering some characteristics of large-scale standing quench furnace, such as great heat inertia, evident time lag, strong coupling influence, hard to establish exact mathematical models of plant and etc, an artificial intelligent fuzzy control algorithm is put forward in this paper. Through adjusting the on-off ratio of electric heating elements, the temperature in furnace is controlled accurately. This paper describes structure and qualities of the large-scale standing quench furnace briefly, introduces constitution of control system, and expounds principle and implementation of intelligent control algorithm. The applied results prove that the intelligent control system can completely satisfy the technological requirements. Namely, it can realize fast increasing temperature with a little overshoot, exact holding temperature, and well-distributed temperature in quench furnace. It has raised the output and quality of aluminum material, and brought the outstanding economic and social benefits.

Self-Powered Active Vibration Control:Concept,Modeling,and Testing

Despite their superior control performance,active vibration control techniques cannot be widely used in some engineering fields because of their substantial power demand in controlling large-scale structures.As an innovative solution to this problem,an unprecedented self-powered active vibration control system was developped in this study.The topological design,working mechanism,and power flow of the proposed system are presented herein.The self-powering ability of the system was confirmed based on a detailed power flow analysis of vibration control processes.A self-powered actively controlled actuator was designed and applied to a scaled active vibration isolation table.The feasibility and effectiveness of the innovative system were successfully validated through a series of analytical,numerical,and experimental investigations.The setup and control strategy of the proposed system can be readily extended to diversified active vibration control applications in various engineering fields.

Research on the Characteristics of Pneumatic PCM Control Valve

Based on the flow characteristic equation of air in adiabatic process, the characteristics of modulated on-off valve in a pneumatic pressure control system is analyzed theoretically. The relationship between the parameters and performance of the system is obtained, and it is also observed that the control error is proportional to the on-off period of the valve.

Analysis of Completion of Call with on-off Data Source in Wireless Networks

In wireless network, call completion probability accounts for users' satisfaction since the admitted ongoing call may be interrupted during hand-off process or even stay in the same cell when dynamically allocating resource to calls because of the loss of resource. We focus on the relationship between call's completion probability and these interruptions and develop an analytical relationship model for homogeneous cellular networks based on probability analysis. Then assuming call's data source is modeled by on-off traffic model, a two dimensional Markov process is established to compute these blocking and dropping probabilities for call's completion probability. The impacts of different new call arrival rate, call's traffic characteristic, user's mobility, call's holding time and call's admission threshold on call's completion are evaluated and compared through numerical examples. These results show that call's completion reaches its maximum value if making no difference between hand-off call and new call in the case of light traffic load. But some resource should be reserved for the hand-off call in high traffic scenario. The analytical model provides a basis for helping to set the call admission threshold. Key words on-off traffic source - call completion probability - call admission control - wireless networks CLC number TN 919. 72 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60172077)Biography: XUAN Xiao-ying (1972-), female, Ph. D candidate, research direction: radio resource management and scheduling in wireless networks.

无人机天钩回收纵向控制系统设计与实现

相较于滑跑型和伞降型无人机,天钩回收无人机在回收时对于高度、速度等的控制精度要求更加苛刻;文中提出了一种无人机天钩回收过程纵向控制的新方法,设计了无人机天钩回收纵向控制策略与流程,给出了控制系统组成,基于某型无人机风洞试验数据,构建了天钩回收无人机的线性化和非线性模型,利用总能量思想设计了纵向轨迹控制律,并在实际飞行试验中得到了应用与验证,最终的飞行试验结果表明了所设计的控制系统的正确性,设计结果满足天钩回收的要求。

基于灰狼算法的矿用自卸车油气悬架半主动控制

为解决矿用自卸车乘坐舒适性与道路友好性相矛盾的问题,提出了一种可控阻尼阀式半主动油气悬架系统。搭建了包含摩擦力的油气弹簧AMESim物理模型,建立了可控阻尼阀的多项式力学模型;设计了一种以可控阻尼阀驱动电压为半主动控制对象的改进天棚控制策略,并基于灰狼优化算法对改进天棚策略关键控制参数进行优化。联合仿真结果表明:D级随机路面下,半主动油气悬架的车身加速度相比被动悬架减小了11.4%,而轮胎动载荷仅增加了1.1%,相比传统天棚控制策略,更好地兼顾了矿用自卸车的乘坐舒适性和道路友好性。硬件在环试验结果也验证了该控制策略的有效性和可行性。