OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of Codonopsis Pilosula Polysaccharide(CPPS)on improving of the memory consolidation disorder induced by Cycloheximide and its possible mechanisms in mice.METHODS The mice...OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of Codonopsis Pilosula Polysaccharide(CPPS)on improving of the memory consolidation disorder induced by Cycloheximide and its possible mechanisms in mice.METHODS The mice was divided into five groups,as normal control group,cycloheximid model group,piracetam positive control group,CPPS 300 mg·kg^(-1) group,and CPPS150 mg·kg^(-1) group.The mice respectively were given saline,piracetam,and CPPS for 15 d.The memory consolidation disorder model in mice was established by ip.Cyclohexylamine,and orally administered CPPS(300 mg·kg^(-1) or 150 mg·kg^(-1))every day.Then experimental groups were subjected Morris Water Maze test.Western blotting analysis were used to analysis the expression of Ca MKⅡ/CREB signaling pathways.RESULTS Morris water maze experiment showed that cyclohexylamine can cause memory consolidation disorder(P<0.01),and giving piracetam and CPPS(300 mg·kg-1)can improve spatial memory impairment in mice(P<0.05,P<0.01).Western blotting experiment results show that compared with normal control group,Ca MKⅡand CREB contents of brain in model group mice had significant decreased(P<0.001);Compared with model group,Ca MKⅡand CREB contents of brain tissue in piracetam and CPPS groups increased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Cycloheximide can induce the memory consolidation disorder,and its effect in mice related to Ca MK/CREB signaling pathways.CPPS can improved this memory disorder by influence Ca MKⅡ/CREB signaling pathways.展开更多
Although extensively studied, the exact role of sleep in learning and memory is still not very clear. Sleep deprivation has been most frequently used to explore the effects of sleep on learning and memory, but the res...Although extensively studied, the exact role of sleep in learning and memory is still not very clear. Sleep deprivation has been most frequently used to explore the effects of sleep on learning and memory, but the results from such studies are inevitably complicated by concurrent stress and distress. Furthermore, it is not clear whether there is a strict time-window between sleep and memory consolidation. In the present study we were able to induce time-locked slow-wave sleep(SWS) in mice by optogenetically stimulating GABAergic neurons in the parafacial zone(PZ), providing a direct approach to analyze the influences of SWS on learning and memory with precise time-windows. We found that SWS induced by light for 30 min immediately or 15 min after the training phase of the object-in-place task significantly prolonged the memory from 30 min to 6 h. However, induction of SWS 30 min after the training phase did not improve memory, suggesting a critical time-window between the induction of a brief episode of SWS and learning for memory consolidation.Application of a gentle touch to the mice during light stimulation to prevent SWS induction also failed to improve memory, indicating the specific role of SWS,but not the activation of PZ GABAergic neurons itself, in memory consolidation. Similar influences of light-induced SWS on memory consolidation also occurred for Y-maze spatial memory and contextual fear memory, but not for cued fear memory. SWS induction immediately before the test phase had no effect on memory performance, indicating that SWS does not affect memory retrieval. Thus, by induction of a brief-episode SWS we have revealed a critical time window for the consolidation of hippocampusdependent memory.展开更多
Social memory is one of declarative memory which is essential for animals to exhibit appropriate social behaviors.Evidence suggests that the hippocampus,particularly the CA2 region,plays an important role in encoding ...Social memory is one of declarative memory which is essential for animals to exhibit appropriate social behaviors.Evidence suggests that the hippocampus,particularly the CA2 region,plays an important role in encoding and consolidating social memory[1].Rapid eye movement(REM)sleep has been suggested to contribute to social memory consolidation by up-regulating synaptic plasticity,local field potentials,and dendritic activity[2].展开更多
Previous studies have focused on changes in cerebral cortex activity accompanying memory formation and consolidation.Although the role of the parietal cortex in memory retrieval is well established,it is not well unde...Previous studies have focused on changes in cerebral cortex activity accompanying memory formation and consolidation.Although the role of the parietal cortex in memory retrieval is well established,it is not well understood how parietal cortex memory consolidation for mathematical rules is related to granularity of stored information(i.e.,degree of detail or precision).Changes in parietal cortex activity associated with memory consolidation were analyzed using the Ebbinghaus paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).Over the course of 1 week,participants learned Boolean arithmetic tasks involving stimulus-response mapping rules containing either low-or high-granularity information.FMRI images were collected on day 1(i.e., low-granularity condition)and day 7(i.e.,high-granularity condition).The present data suggested that with practice,stored information was converted from a low-granularity to a high-granularity form.By following rule learning,it was hypothesized that the process of consolidation would involve an increased degree of rule representation granularity.Evidence for this process was reflected in parietal cortex activity.This finding was consistent with the hypothesis that mnemonic reconstruction in the parietal cortex is required for memory consolidation,and results suggested that information granules are formed during memory consolidation.The present results could increase the understanding of the relationship between memory consolidation and information granularity.展开更多
Previous work has demonstrated that acute exercise prior to memory encoding may enhance long-term memory.Similarly,other work demonstrates that acute exercise during the memory consolidation period may also enhance lo...Previous work has demonstrated that acute exercise prior to memory encoding may enhance long-term memory.Similarly,other work demonstrates that acute exercise during the memory consolidation period may also enhance long-term memory function.However,no study has evaluated whether long-term memory is enhanced when an acute bout of exercise occurs during both of these time periods,when compared to just prior to memory encoding.A within-subject randomized con-trolled intervention was employed.On separate laboratory visits,participants completed two main protocols,including(1)exercise before memory encoding and(2)exercise before and after memory encoding.Long-term memory was assessed,via a word-list task,from a 20-min delay period and a 24-h delay period.We observed a significant main effect for time,F(8,176)=529.5,P<0.001,ηp^(2)=0.96,but no significant main effect for condition,F(l,22)=0.08,P=0.77,ηp^(2)=0.004,or time by condition interaction,F(8,176)=0.19,P=0.99,ηp^(2)=0.009.In conclusion,there was no difference in long-term memory function when comparing acute exercise only prior to memory encoding vs.acute exercise both before and immediately after memory encoding.展开更多
Dreaming is a ubiquitous phenomenon in human beings and has been discussed, researched, and hypothesized since a long time. The substrate, physiological mechanism, and function of dreaming have been explained by many ...Dreaming is a ubiquitous phenomenon in human beings and has been discussed, researched, and hypothesized since a long time. The substrate, physiological mechanism, and function of dreaming have been explained by many scientists from the neurological,psychiatric, psychological, and philosophical perspective. With the development of scientific technology, many theories of dreaming have been established. In the present review, we first summarize the different theories of dreaming; furthermore, we introduce memory consolidation and reconsolidation. Lastly, we propose that memory might be associated with memory reconsolidation and list the explanations.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation(81202192)Fund of Hebei Provincial Health Bureau(20130037)
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of Codonopsis Pilosula Polysaccharide(CPPS)on improving of the memory consolidation disorder induced by Cycloheximide and its possible mechanisms in mice.METHODS The mice was divided into five groups,as normal control group,cycloheximid model group,piracetam positive control group,CPPS 300 mg·kg^(-1) group,and CPPS150 mg·kg^(-1) group.The mice respectively were given saline,piracetam,and CPPS for 15 d.The memory consolidation disorder model in mice was established by ip.Cyclohexylamine,and orally administered CPPS(300 mg·kg^(-1) or 150 mg·kg^(-1))every day.Then experimental groups were subjected Morris Water Maze test.Western blotting analysis were used to analysis the expression of Ca MKⅡ/CREB signaling pathways.RESULTS Morris water maze experiment showed that cyclohexylamine can cause memory consolidation disorder(P<0.01),and giving piracetam and CPPS(300 mg·kg-1)can improve spatial memory impairment in mice(P<0.05,P<0.01).Western blotting experiment results show that compared with normal control group,Ca MKⅡand CREB contents of brain in model group mice had significant decreased(P<0.001);Compared with model group,Ca MKⅡand CREB contents of brain tissue in piracetam and CPPS groups increased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Cycloheximide can induce the memory consolidation disorder,and its effect in mice related to Ca MK/CREB signaling pathways.CPPS can improved this memory disorder by influence Ca MKⅡ/CREB signaling pathways.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771167 and 31571090)the National Basic Research Development Program of China (2016YFC1306700)+1 种基金the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018PT31041)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (2017FZA7003)
文摘Although extensively studied, the exact role of sleep in learning and memory is still not very clear. Sleep deprivation has been most frequently used to explore the effects of sleep on learning and memory, but the results from such studies are inevitably complicated by concurrent stress and distress. Furthermore, it is not clear whether there is a strict time-window between sleep and memory consolidation. In the present study we were able to induce time-locked slow-wave sleep(SWS) in mice by optogenetically stimulating GABAergic neurons in the parafacial zone(PZ), providing a direct approach to analyze the influences of SWS on learning and memory with precise time-windows. We found that SWS induced by light for 30 min immediately or 15 min after the training phase of the object-in-place task significantly prolonged the memory from 30 min to 6 h. However, induction of SWS 30 min after the training phase did not improve memory, suggesting a critical time-window between the induction of a brief episode of SWS and learning for memory consolidation.Application of a gentle touch to the mice during light stimulation to prevent SWS induction also failed to improve memory, indicating the specific role of SWS,but not the activation of PZ GABAergic neurons itself, in memory consolidation. Similar influences of light-induced SWS on memory consolidation also occurred for Y-maze spatial memory and contextual fear memory, but not for cued fear memory. SWS induction immediately before the test phase had no effect on memory performance, indicating that SWS does not affect memory retrieval. Thus, by induction of a brief-episode SWS we have revealed a critical time window for the consolidation of hippocampusdependent memory.
基金This highlight was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32125018 and 32071005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the MOE Frontiers Science Center for Brain Science&Brain-Machine Integration of Zhejiang University,and the Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai(SHSMU-ZDCX20211102).
文摘Social memory is one of declarative memory which is essential for animals to exhibit appropriate social behaviors.Evidence suggests that the hippocampus,particularly the CA2 region,plays an important role in encoding and consolidating social memory[1].Rapid eye movement(REM)sleep has been suggested to contribute to social memory consolidation by up-regulating synaptic plasticity,local field potentials,and dendritic activity[2].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60673015,60775039 and 08BTQ024)the Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research(18300053)from the Japanese Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology
文摘Previous studies have focused on changes in cerebral cortex activity accompanying memory formation and consolidation.Although the role of the parietal cortex in memory retrieval is well established,it is not well understood how parietal cortex memory consolidation for mathematical rules is related to granularity of stored information(i.e.,degree of detail or precision).Changes in parietal cortex activity associated with memory consolidation were analyzed using the Ebbinghaus paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).Over the course of 1 week,participants learned Boolean arithmetic tasks involving stimulus-response mapping rules containing either low-or high-granularity information.FMRI images were collected on day 1(i.e., low-granularity condition)and day 7(i.e.,high-granularity condition).The present data suggested that with practice,stored information was converted from a low-granularity to a high-granularity form.By following rule learning,it was hypothesized that the process of consolidation would involve an increased degree of rule representation granularity.Evidence for this process was reflected in parietal cortex activity.This finding was consistent with the hypothesis that mnemonic reconstruction in the parietal cortex is required for memory consolidation,and results suggested that information granules are formed during memory consolidation.The present results could increase the understanding of the relationship between memory consolidation and information granularity.
文摘Previous work has demonstrated that acute exercise prior to memory encoding may enhance long-term memory.Similarly,other work demonstrates that acute exercise during the memory consolidation period may also enhance long-term memory function.However,no study has evaluated whether long-term memory is enhanced when an acute bout of exercise occurs during both of these time periods,when compared to just prior to memory encoding.A within-subject randomized con-trolled intervention was employed.On separate laboratory visits,participants completed two main protocols,including(1)exercise before memory encoding and(2)exercise before and after memory encoding.Long-term memory was assessed,via a word-list task,from a 20-min delay period and a 24-h delay period.We observed a significant main effect for time,F(8,176)=529.5,P<0.001,ηp^(2)=0.96,but no significant main effect for condition,F(l,22)=0.08,P=0.77,ηp^(2)=0.004,or time by condition interaction,F(8,176)=0.19,P=0.99,ηp^(2)=0.009.In conclusion,there was no difference in long-term memory function when comparing acute exercise only prior to memory encoding vs.acute exercise both before and immediately after memory encoding.
文摘Dreaming is a ubiquitous phenomenon in human beings and has been discussed, researched, and hypothesized since a long time. The substrate, physiological mechanism, and function of dreaming have been explained by many scientists from the neurological,psychiatric, psychological, and philosophical perspective. With the development of scientific technology, many theories of dreaming have been established. In the present review, we first summarize the different theories of dreaming; furthermore, we introduce memory consolidation and reconsolidation. Lastly, we propose that memory might be associated with memory reconsolidation and list the explanations.
