Stability analysis of the sliding process of the west slope in Buzhaoba Open-Pit Mine

To study the stability of the west slope in Buzhaoba Open-Pit Mine and determine the aging stability coefficient during slide mass development, the deformation band of the west slope and the slide mass structure of the 34,600 profile are obtained on the basis of hydrology, geology, and monitoring data.The residual thrust method is utilized to calculate the stability coefficients, which are 1.225 and 1.00 under sound and transfixion conditions, respectively. According to the rock damage and fragmentation and the principle of mechanical parameter degradation, the mechanical models of the slide mass development of the hard and soft rock slopes are established. An integrated model for calculating the slope stability coefficient is built considering water, vibration, and other external factors that pertain to the structural plane damage mechanism and the generating mechanism of the sliding mass. The change curve of the stability coefficient in the slide mass development is obtained from the relevant analyses,and afterwards, the stability control measures are proposed. The analysis results indicate that in the cracking stage of the hard rock, the slope stability coefficient decreases linearly with the increase in the length Lbof the hard rock crack zone. The linear slope is positively correlated to rock cohesion c. In the transfixion stage of the soft rock, the decrease speed of the stability coefficient is positively correlated to the residual strength of the soft rock. When the slope is stable, the stability coefficient is in a quadratic-linear relationship with the decreased height Dh of the side slope and in a linear relationship with anchoring force P.

Predictive Sliding Mode Control to a Thermal Process for Batch Dyeing

The batch dyeing process is a typical nonlinear process with time-delay,where precise controlling of temperature plays a vital role on the dyeing quality.Because the accuracy and robustness of the commonly used proportion integration differentiation(PID) algorithm had been limited,a novel method was developed to precisely control the heating and cooling stages for batch dyeing process based on predictive sliding mode control(SMC) algorithm.Firstly,a special predictive sliding mode model was constructed according to the principle of generalized predictive control(GPC);secondly,an appropriate reference trajectory for SMC was designed based on the improved approaching law;finally,the predictive sliding mode model and the Diophantine equation were used to predict the output and then the optimized control law was derived using the generalized predictive law.This method combined GPC and the SMC with their respective advantages,so it could be applied to time-delay process,making the control system more robust.Simulation experiments show that this algorithm can well track the temperature variation for the batch dyeing process.

Superplasticity of a friction stir processed overaged WE54 magnesium alloy

The coarse-grained WE54 magnesium alloy was heat treated in order to have minimum hardness minimizing the effects of precipitates and solid solution. Friction stir processing(FSP) was applied in severe conditions to obtain fine, equiaxed and highly misoriented grains, with grain sizes even less than 1 μm. The high severity of processing demonstrated to have a strong impact in the microstructure. Consequently,the processed materials exhibited excellent superplasticity at the high strain rate 10^(-2)s^(-1), and temperatures between 300 and 400 ℃. The maximum tensile superplastic elongation of 756% was achieved at 400 ℃ thanks to the operation of grain boundary sliding mechanism(GBS). Besides the new data obtained through tensile testing, the paper deals with a transcendental question regarding the large differences in strain rate values at a given stress in the superplastic regime at maximum elongation compared to other magnesium-based alloys. With this is mind, 19 magnesium alloys from 22 different investigations were analyzed to give some light to this behavior that never was treated before. It is proposed that this behavior has to be attributed to the accommodation process, necessary for GBS to occur, which is hindered by reinforcing solutes.

Flow-slide characteristics and failure mechanism of shallow landslides in granite residual soil under heavy rainfall

Affected by typhoons over years, Fujian Province in Southeast China has developed a large number of shallow landslides, causing a long-term concern for the local government. The study on shallow landslide is not only helpful to the local government in disaster prevention, but also the theoretical basis of regional early warning technology. To determine the whole-process characteristics and failure mechanisms of flow-slide failure of granite residual soil slopes, we conducted a detailed hazard investigation in Minqing County, Fujian Province, which was impacted by Typhoon Lupit-induced heavy rainfall in August 2021. Based on the investigation and preliminary analysis results, we conducted indoor artificial rainfall physical model tests and obtained the whole-process characteristics of flow-slide failure of granite residual soil landslides. Under the action of heavy rainfall, a granite residual soil slope experiences initial deformation at the slope toe and exhibits development characteristics of continuous traction deformation toward the middle and upper parts of the slope. The critical volumetric water content during slope failure is approximately 53%. Granite residual soil is in a state of high volumetric water content under heavy rainfall conditions, and the shear strength decreases, resulting in a decrease in stability and finally failure occurrence. The new free face generated after failure constitutes an adverse condition for continued traction deformation and failure. As the soil permeability(cm/h) is less than the rainfall intensity(mm/h), and it is difficult for rainwater to continuously infiltrate in short-term rainfall, the influence depth of heavy rainfall is limited. The load of loose deposits at the slope foot also limits the development of deep deformation and failure. With the continuous effect of heavy rainfall, the surface runoff increases gradually, and the influence mode changes from instability failure caused by rainfall infiltration to erosion and scouring of surface runoff on slope surface. Transportation of loose materials by surface runoff is an important reason for prominent siltation in disaster-prone areas.

Numerical simulations of kinetic formation mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide

Tangjiashan landslide is a typical high-speed landslide hosted on consequent bedding rock. The landslide was induced by Wenchuan earthquake at a medium-steep hill slope. The occurrence of Tangjiashan landslide was basically controlled by the tectonic structure, topography, stratum lithology, slope structure, seismic waves, and strike of river. Among various factors, the seismic loading with great intensity and long duration was dominant. The landslide initiation exhibited the local amplification effect of seismic waves at the rear of the slope, the dislocation effect on the fault, and the shear failure differentiating effect on the regions between the soft and the hard layers. Based on field investigations and with the employment of the distinct element numerical simulation program UDEC （universal distinct element code）, the whole kinetic sliding process of Tan iashan landslide was represented and the formation mechanism of the consequent rock landslide under seismic loading was studied. The results are helpful for understanding seismic dynamic responses of consequent bedding rock slopes, where the slope stability could be governed by earthquakes.

Adaptive sliding mode control of petrochemical flare combustion process based on radial basis function network

Steam-assisted combustion elevated flares are currently the most widely used type of petrochemical flares.Due to the complex and variable composition of the waste gas they handle,the combustion environment is severely affected by meteorological conditions.Key process parameters such as intake composition,flow rate,and real-time data of post-combustion residues are difficult to measure or exhibit lag in data availability.As a result,the control methods for these flares are limited,leading to poor control effectiveness.To address this issue,this paper proposes an adaptive sliding mode control method based on the radial basis function(RBF)network.Firstly,the operational characteristics of the petrochemical flare combustion process are analyzed,and a control model for the combustion process is established based on carbon dioxide detection.Secondly,an RBF neural network-based unknown function approximator is designed to identify the nonlinear part of the actual operating system.Finally,by combining the control model of the petrochemical flare combustion and designing the RBF sliding mode controller with its adaptive control law,fast and stable control of the flare combustion state is achieved.Simulation results demonstrate that the designed control strategy can achieve tracking control of the petrochemical flare combustion state,and the adaptive law also accomplishes system identification.

Design and Implementation a Distributed Complex-Event Processing Engine

A high-performance, distributed, complex-event processing en- gine with improved scalability is proposed. In this new engine, the stateless proeessing node is combined with distributed stor- age so that scale and performance can be linearly expanded. This design prevents single node failure and makes the system highly reliable.

Storage optimization for query processing over data streams

A defining characteristic of continuous queries over on-line data streams,possibly bounded by sliding windows,is the potentially infinite and time-evolving nature of their inputs and outputs.For different update patterns of continuous queries,suitable data structures bring great query processing efficiency.In this paper,we proposed a data structure suitable for weak nonmonotonic update pattern in which the lifetime of each tuple is known at generation time,but the length of lifetime is not necessarily the same.The new data structure combined the ladder queue with the feature of weak non-monotonic update pattern.The experiment results show that the new data structure performs much better than the traditional calendar queue in many cases.

基于卷积神经网络的无人机成像桥梁裂缝检测方法研究

针对桥梁裂缝病害检测困难、裂缝宽度计算精度不高的问题,提出基于卷积神经网络的无人机成像桥梁裂缝检测系统,获取桥梁裂缝图像并提取裂缝,精确计算最大裂缝宽度。该系统改造无人机实现对桥梁底面和侧面图像的采集。首先采用神经网络模型筛选出裂缝图像;然后根据所采集到的图像特点,搭建基于卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)的裂缝滑动窗口检测(Slide Crack Detection,SCD)模型,进行图像的小窗口滑动识别以提取裂缝,并与采用基于裂缝图像统计特征的改进中值滤波去噪算法对比裂缝提取效果;最后提出裂缝分类及最大裂缝宽度计算方法,并与裂缝实测结果进行对比。结果表明:该无人机成像桥梁裂缝检测系统对裂缝图像的扰动小,裂缝提取效果更精确,该系统检测并计算的最大裂缝宽度相对实测结果误差在0.05 mm以内,满足桥梁裂缝检测要求。

多模式对四川盆地强降水过程的预报性能检验

为进一步认识当前数值预报模式的预报能力,选取2018—2020年发生在四川盆地的47次强降水过程进行分型,再基于多源降水融合产品和地面观测资料,通过TS评分、时空滑动等方法对欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)数值预报模式、国家气象中心区域中尺度数值预报模式(China Meteorological Administration Mesoscale Model,CMA_MESO)和西南区域数值预报系统(Southwest Center WRF ADAS Real-time Modeling System,SWC_WARMS)在强降水过程范围、强度、极值、时间和位移偏差等方面的预报能力进行检验评估。结果表明,各模式08:00(北京时,下同)预报优于20:00预报,ECMWF对中雨和大雨预报更优,SWC_WARMS的暴雨量级评分更高。各模式对中雨的预报范围普遍较实况偏大,随着降水量级增大,逐渐转为低估,其中SWC_WARMS更接近实况。对于降水强度,ECMWF和CMA_MESO的平均降水量和极值普遍较实况偏小,SWC_WARMS更接近实况。3种模式时间偏差不明显,仅个别起报时次有-6~3 h的时间偏差;ECMWF的位移偏差最小,纬向上ECMWF和SWC_WARMS以偏北为主,经向上ECMWF以偏西为主,CMA_MESO和SWC_WARMS以偏东为主。

基于概念漂移发现的业务过程异常检测方法

现有的业务过程异常检测方法假定业务过程固定不变,忽视因出现概念漂移而导致业务过程模型变化的情况,以致现有的异常检测方法准确率下降。提出一种使用事件日志、基于概念漂移发现的业务过程异常检测方法。构建结合概念漂移发现方法和基于循环神经网络的业务过程异常检测模型,从事件日志中提取事件序列特征数据集,使用该模型中的事件预测模块来预测事件发生的概率,根据事件发生的概率分布来计算事件日志中每个案例的异常分数。异常分数大于设定的异常评分阈值的事件所在的案例被认为是候选异常案例。使用霍夫丁不等式来判断概念漂移是否已发生,并使用双层滑动窗口机制来获取概念漂移案例的发生位置,从候选异常案例提取概念漂移案例。使用增量学习将概念漂移案例用于更新事件预测模块,使过程异常检测模型能够辨别概念漂移案例与真正异常案例,更准确地检测出真正的业务过程异常。实验结果表明,与主流的业务过程异常检测方法相比,所提异常检测方法可以较准确地发现业务过程中的概念漂移,能够更准确地检测出业务过程中发生的异常,对提高业务过程运行的平稳性有积极意义。

基于GeoSMA-3D的岩质边坡异形滑动面搜索方法

针对岩体结构面发育特征的不确定性,提出一种岩质边坡异形滑动面搜索方法 .以Ⅲ,Ⅳ结构面岩体为研究对象,结合GeoSMA-3D(geotechnical structure and model analysis-3D)程序中块体切割和关键块体判别模块,将滑坡体设定为几何多面体.岩体的内部块体组合形成多面体,以多面体的表面表征滑动面.引入层次分析法,建立滑动面准定量化评价准则.以小盘岭边坡为例,将异形滑动面判定准则导入GeoSMA-3D程序中,研究表明边坡存在6个关键块体,组合滑动面有3个,潜在滑动面安全系数为1.046,滑动面几何形态与实际边坡拟合度高达95%,验证了岩质边坡滑动面搜索方法的合理性.

基于深度学习的桥梁表观裂缝检测算法研究

针对在复杂背景条件下难以直接对桥梁表观裂缝进行检测的问题,文章提出一种基于深度学习的桥梁表观裂缝检测算法。首先利用滑动窗口算法将采集到的桥梁表观裂缝图像切分为小尺寸的桥梁裂缝面元图像和桥梁背景面元图像,并根据对面元图像的分析,提出一种基于Inception网络和残差网络(ResNet)的桥梁裂缝分类模型,用于桥梁裂缝面元和桥梁背景面元的识别;然后结合桥梁裂缝分类模型与滑动窗口算法对桥梁表观裂缝图像进行检测;最后利用数字图像处理技术测量裂缝宽度。结果表明:该文算法对桥梁表观裂缝有超过99%的分类精度,可满足实际工程需要;实现了裂缝的提取并能准确地定位出裂缝在图像中的位置;根据成像原理能测量出裂缝宽度。与传统的深度学习模型相比,该模型拥有更高的执行效率,可用于大规模检测,更易于应用在桥梁健康检测中。

基于启发式回溯算法的平面移动式立体车库RGV调度策略

为了提高立体车库路径规划阶段的兑现率,对有轨引导小车(rail guided vehicle,RGV)运行过程及行程时间进行分析,给出了符合并行调度模式的路径重叠率计算方法,针对立体车库作业特征提出了一种值排序启发式(value ordering heuristics,VOH)回溯算法,构建路径节点滑动时间窗,以单位时间窗内任务请求数作为约束函数,通过评估函数对扩展结点性能进行估值并排序,并利用VOH-预剪枝策略对部分结点进行剪枝,以此提高算法求解速度。在非齐次泊松到达过程下进行仿真,实验结果表明,值排序启发式回溯算法可有效降低RGV并行运行过程中时间、空间的路径重叠率,在该实验规模的立体车库模型中发挥稳定,表现为在RGV平均利用率基本不变的前提下具有更小的平均服务时间,当顾客到达率为40、25、10、5 veh/h时,RGV平均服务时间分别减少18.07%、13.29%、12.46%、4.27%,为提升立体车库运行效率提供参考。

结合局部纹理特征滤波的海天线检测方法

针对视频监测下海天线检测图像易出现的海天对比度低、海上物体、海雾、海浪及云层等干扰条件引起的图像模糊和海天线遮挡问题,提出一种基于偏心邻域的灰度共生矩阵对比度滤波的梯度域下海天线检测方法。方法设计使用上下两方向偏心盒状滤波器获取图像的对比度梯度值图,利用滑动窗对分块图像搜索梯度极大值候选位置,根据设计策略通过构建海天线参数的概率统计模型提取拟合直线作为检测结果。仿真实验表明,本文方法能提升视觉图像下含多景物等干扰的复杂场景海天线检测的准确率,与同类方法相比提升7.69%。

不烧滑板磨削加工用Fe-Ni-Cu-Sn金属基金刚石工具的制备与性能

Al_(2)O_(3)-C不烧滑板作为连铸功能耐火材料在炼钢领域中受到广泛应用,而金属结合剂金刚石工具在滑板磨削加工中起到关键作用。本工作通过热压烧结法制备Fe-Ni-Cu-Sn金属基胎体和Fe-Ni-Cu-Sn金属基金刚石工具,首先研究烧结温度、保温时间和烧结压力对金刚石工具胎体力学性能的影响,获得优化的胎体烧结工艺参数并为后续制备金刚石工具奠定基础;其次研究不同的金刚石磨料对金刚石工具力学性能及磨削不烧滑板性能的影响,通过研究金刚石的浓度、粒度、品级与加工工具磨削效率、寿命及锋利度的关系,从而得到磨削加工不烧滑板的金刚石工具中金刚石磨料的优化参数,通过SEM对金刚石工具表面胎体与金刚石磨料的结合状态、金刚石的磨损情况进行表征。实验结果表明:金刚石工具胎体的最佳烧结工艺参数是烧结温度、烧结压力和保温时间分别为785℃、170 MPa、240 s;金刚石工具中的金刚石磨料最优选择为金刚石浓度25%、粒度45/50、品级SMD35。

2023年积石山M_(S)6.2地震诱发中川乡滑坡-泥流滑动过程与成因机理研究

北京时间2023年12月18日23时59分,甘肃省临夏回族自治州积石山县发生M_(S)6.2地震。该地震在青海省民和回族土族自治县中川乡引发了一次严重的滑坡-泥流灾害事件。通过详细的地质调查、低空摄影测量、现场工程地质测绘,以及含水率实验等综合手段,对该滑坡的基本特征、动态发展过程及成灾原因进行调查分析。研究结果显示,此次滑坡事件经历了分级和分块启动,呈现出渐退式的滑移特征。滑坡产生的原因如下:村民长期灌溉活动导致地下形成了饱水黄土层,在地震作用下这些饱水黄土层的孔隙水压力急剧增加,导致黄土液化,随后液化的饱水黄土层携带着上覆的非饱和土层迅速向沟道滑移;此外,滑坡体与地下冒水及干渠补给水混合,进一步促进了滑坡-泥流灾害的形成。研究区域附近多分布类似的灌溉区,因此未来地震发生时,对这类滑坡事件的预防与治理将成为重要的研究方向。

水下搅拌摩擦加工Ti-15-3合金的组织及超塑性变形

采用水下搅拌摩擦加工技术制备细晶Ti-15V-3Al-3Cr-3Sn(Ti-15-3)合金。通过电子背散射衍射对搅拌区(stirring zone,SZ)晶粒细化机制进行分析。用电子万能试验机对SZ试样进行超塑性拉伸。结果表明:SZ高角度晶界比例为74.5%,平均晶粒尺寸为1.8μm,主要的晶粒细化机制为连续动态再结晶;在变形温度为675℃,应变率为3×10^(-4)s^(-1)时,SZ试样的伸长率达到了465%,为超塑性,主要变形机制为晶界滑移,同时伴随连续动态再结晶和β→α相变。

载玻片打号机评价指标体系的建立研究

目的研究并建立一套客观完善的评价指标体系,以便从安全性、设备技术性能、适用性、易用性及可靠性多个方面对载玻片打号机进行客观全面的临床评估,明确进口和国产设备之间的差异。方法通过文献查询、产品资料分析、厂家交流、专家咨询等方法拟定初步载玻片打号机评价指标体系,并制成在线问卷,应用德尔菲法和层次分析法确定指标及权重,形成载玻片打号机指标体系。结果本文通过三轮专家咨询,构建了一套载玻片打号机评价指标体系,包含5项一级指标、25项二级指标。结论本研究所建立的载玻片打号机评价指标体系,可以相对定量的进行客观的设备评价,明确进口和国产设备之间的差异,帮助国产厂商准确定位设备的优势和不足之处,并为医疗机构的采购提供技术手段和理论基础。

Unstable evolution of railway slope under the rainfall-vibration joint action

Understanding the unstable evolution of railway slopes is the premise for preventing slope failure and ensuring the safe operation of trains.However,as two major factors affecting the stability of railway slopes,few scholars have explored the unstable evolution of railway slopes under the joint action of rainfall-vibration.Based on the model test of sandy soil slope,the unstable evolution process of slope under locomotive vibration,rainfall,and rainfall-vibration joint action conditions was simulated in this paper.By comparing and analyzing the variation trends of soil pressure and water content of slope under these conditions,the change laws of pore pressure under the influence of vibration and rainfall were explored.The main control factors affecting the stability of slope structure under the joint action conditions were further defined.Combined with the slope failure phenomena under these three conditions,the causes of slope instability resulting from each leading factor were clarified.Finally,according to the above conclusions,the unstable evolution of the slope under the rainfall-vibration joint action was determined.The test results show that the unstable evolution process of sandy soil slope,under the rainfall-vibration joint action,can be divided into:rainfall erosion cracking,vibration promotion penetrating,and slope instability sliding three stages.In the process of slope unstable evolution,rainfall and vibration play the roles of inducing and promoting slide respectively.In addition,the deep cracks,which are the premise for the formation of the sliding surface,and the violent irregular fluctuation of soil pressure,which reflects the near penetration of the sliding surface,constitute the instability characteristics of the railway slope together.This paper reveals the unstable evolution of sandy soil slopes under the joint action of rainfall-vibration,hoping to provide the theoretical basis for the early warning and prevention technology of railway slopes.