Dynamic Characteristics of Lubrication and Wear Prediction of Slipper/Swash-Plate in Axial Piston Pumps

A novel dynamic model describing the slipper posture of the swash plate in axial piston pumps is proposed, taking into account the hydrodynamic and squeezing effects, which involves three degrees of freedom. The variation in the lubricating film thickness and the slipper tilt are accurately calculated. The influence of hydrodynamic effects and charging pressure on the slipper lubrication is discussed. The minimum film thickness, the overturning angle and the azimuth angle are obtained.Then, the trajectory of minimum thickness on the friction surface of the swash plate is predicted, the accuracy of which can be verified with the abrasion distribution of an actual swash plate. Research results can predict the durability and provide theoretical help for the design of the slipper.

Experimental Research on the Dynamic Lubricating Performance of Slipper/Swash Plate Interface in Axial Piston Pumps

The interface between the slipper/swash plate is one of the most important frication pairs in axial piston pumps.The test of this interface in a real pump is very challenging.In this paper,a novel pump prototype is designed and a test rig is set up to study the dynamic lubricating performance of the slipper/swash-plate interface in axial piston machines.Such an experimental setup can simulate the operating condition of a real axial piston pump without changing the relative motion relationship of the interfaces.Considering the lubricant oil film thickness as the main measurement parameter,the attitude of the slipper under the conditions of different load pressure,rotation speed and charge pressure are studied experimentally.After the test,the wear state of the swash plate is observed.According to the friction trace on the surface of the swash plate,the prediction for the attitude of the slipper and the zone easy to wear are verified.

Multi-objective optimization of surface texture for the slipper/swash plate interface in EHA pumps

Well-designed surface textures can improve the tribological properties and the efficiency of the electro-hydrostatic actuator(EHA)pump under high-speed and high-pressure conditions.This study proposes a multi-objective optimization model to obtain the arbitrarily surface textures design of the slipper/swash plate interface for improving the mechanical and volumetric efficiency of the EHA pump.The model is composed of the lubrication film model,the component dynamic model considering the spinning motion,and the multi-objective optimization model.In this way,the arbitrary-shaped surface texture with the best comprehensive effect in the EHA pump is achieved and its positive effects in the EHA pump prototype are verified.Experimental results show a reduction in wear and an improvement in mechanical and volumetric efficiency by 1.4%and 0.8%,respectively,with the textured swash plate compared with the untextured one.

基于分形理论的静压支承滑靴系统摩擦自适应特性分析

静压支承滑靴副比一般的滑动摩擦副具有更好的摩擦自适应特性,对滑靴的早期磨损有一定的修复效果,但其摩擦自适应机理目前尚不明确。为此,基于分形理论,采用分形维数、尺度系数等分形参数描述滑靴表面形貌,对摩擦自适应过程进行理论分析,开展磨损试验并以分时段更换试件的试验方法观察分形参数的变化情况,得到分形参数对摩擦学特性的影响规律,揭示滑靴摩擦自适应机理。结果表明,滑靴副在发生早期磨损后,分形维数呈增大-减小-再增大-再减小的变化过程,尺度系数和摩擦系数呈减小-增大-再减小-再增大的变化过程,滑靴在早期磨损阶段呈现出显著的摩擦自适应特性,其表面性能表现出劣化-修复-再劣化-再修复的变化特征。

斜盘式轴向柱塞泵空化特性分析

针对斜盘式轴向柱塞泵的空化现象,建立了斜盘式轴向柱塞泵全流域模型,采用计算流体力学方法研究了全流域空化特性分布,分析了排油口负载压力、缸体转速和斜盘倾角等工况参数对全流域空化特性的影响规律。研究表明:空化主要发生在吸油区的吸油口、配流盘和柱塞腔区域,空化随气相体积分数增大而加重;排油口负载压力由10 MPa增至30 MPa,吸油口、配流盘和柱塞腔气相体积分数峰值分别由6.28%增至6.68%、5.91%增至7.13%、10.03%增至11.23%;缸体转速由2 200 r/min增至3 000 r/min,吸油口、配流盘和柱塞腔气相体积分数峰值分别由6.39%增至6.41%、6.26%增至10.54%、7.13%增至10.16%;斜盘倾角由3.64°增至5.64°,吸油口、配流盘和柱塞腔气相体积分数峰值分别由6.34%增至6.41%、14.7%降低至13.9%、10.16%增至11.66%。斜盘式轴向柱塞泵在实际设计中,排油口负载压力、缸体转速和斜盘倾角的取值在合理范围内越低越好,斜盘倾角取值存在最优区间。

斜盘偏距与交错角对飞机液压柱塞泵运动特性影响分析

飞机上常用的直轴式恒压变量液压柱塞泵,出于降低脉动以及改善高频运动时的稳定性需要,斜盘通常设计有偏心距和交错角。针对存在斜盘偏距和交错角的液压柱塞泵,提出了一种能够综合考虑斜盘偏距、交错角、斜盘倾角及斜盘转动速度的柱塞和滑靴运动特性分析方法。以某型航空液压柱塞泵为对象,对比分析了不同偏心距和交错角情况下柱塞的位移、速度特性,以及滑靴在斜盘平面的运动轨迹。按照液压泵配流盘闭死区设计通用准则确定了配流盘闭死区,对柱塞在闭死区内的运动特性进行了分析,结果表明闭死区内柱塞的运动特性深刻影响液压柱塞泵的输出流量和压力脉动。提出的分析方法能够描述斜盘转动(流量切换)过程中的运动动态特性,具有计算效率高、结果准确度高等特点,可用于液压柱塞泵以降低脉动为目标的设计优化。

对置端曲面齿轮柱塞泵动态特性仿真研究

为了研究对置端曲面齿轮柱塞泵参数对泵动态特性的影响,根据端曲面齿轮柱塞泵工作原理,推导柱塞运动方程。利用Adams与AMESim软件建立对置端曲面齿轮柱塞泵联合仿真模型,通过联合仿真得到不同转速与偏心率下的柱塞泵出口流量与压力的相应曲线。结果表明:转速增大,泵出口流量与压力增大,脉动幅值与脉动频率增大;偏心率增加,泵出口流量与压力增大,脉动幅值增大,脉动频率不变。

基于一维计算模型的斜盘式柱塞泵流动特性分析

斜盘式柱塞泵广泛应用在直升机疲劳试验的液压系统中,其流动特性对液压系统稳定性有着至关重要的作用。文中使用立体几何方法分析了斜盘式柱塞泵柱塞运动轨迹,基于图形解析法推导了过流面积公式,并编写相应Matlab程序实现吸排油过流面积自动化计算;构建了考虑流量倒灌及泄漏的单柱塞流动模型,结合AMESim软件实现柱塞泵三维计算模型向一维计算模型的转变;依据初始工况计算结果分析了柱塞泵的流动特性及其产生流量脉动的原因,并使用基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法的三维模型所获得的流量脉动计算结果验证了一维计算模型的准确性。在此基础上分析了不同运行工况(包含运行温度、工作压力及柱塞泵调节参数)对出口流量脉动率的影响,从降低流量脉动率进而提高直升机疲劳试验精度的角度分析了试验中柱塞泵调节控制要点。文中提出的一维计算模型可显著提高柱塞泵仿真计算速率,便于后续柱塞泵的改进设计以及将其作为子系统添加到虚拟数字试验平台中。

时域模型FUNWAVE与SWASH的对比研究

本文采用Berkhoff为验证缓坡方程的不同计算方法可信度所使用的地形,对基于Boussinesq方程的FUNWAVE和基于NS方程的SWASH两种时域模型进行了比较分析,通过与实测数据对比,结果显示两种模型都能达到较好的精度,整体上FUNWAVE略好于SWASH,但基于相同的模型设置,SWASH运行速度远远快于FUNWAVE。综合考虑两种模型的精度与运行速度,SWASH模型被认为更具实用性。

筑堤影响下岛礁三维波浪传播变形规律SWASH数值模拟研究

为了探究筑堤对岛礁系统内波浪传播变形的影响,利用非静压波浪模型SWASH对三维岛礁模型试验数据进行验证对比,继而在岛礁上方不同位置建立不同长度的防波堤进行波流模拟。结果表明:礁坪特征断面内的波高随筑堤无明显变化,增减水则随筑堤变化明显,堤长越长、堤距越大,堤前增水越大,增水范围越广;裂口特征断面内的波高和增减水随筑堤均有明显变化,堤长越长、堤距越小,断面内波高越小,增减水越稳定。研究成果可为类似礁顶工程建设提供参考。

岛礁三维SWASH模型的时空敏感性分析

为了探究SWASH模型中计算网格尺寸及计算时间步长对于解决深海至浅水三维复杂地形下波浪和水流运动的影响程度,在对其控制方程、边界条件、数值求解等介绍的基础上,采用多组不同的计算网格尺寸和不同的计算时间步长对三维地形试验下珊瑚岛礁概化模型进行波流场的模拟,并将模拟结果与物理模型试验的实测结果进行对比。结果表明:SWASH模型的数值模拟结果对计算网格尺寸表现得比较敏感,对计算时间步长表现得并不敏感,并且在合适的参数选取下,SWASH模型可以较好地模拟波浪在近岸区域所发生的浅水变形,以及在岛礁地形区域的波浪破碎和绕射等物理现象,其流速和波高沿波浪入射方向的模拟值与物理模型的试验值结果吻合程度较好,说明SWASH模型能够较好地适用于近岸复杂地形下波浪传播的数值模拟。

基于支撑力平衡的柱塞泵滑靴副油膜厚度动态求解方法

通过改进轴向柱塞泵的滑靴副与柱塞的结构设计以稳定建立滑靴油膜,这是轴向柱塞泵当前的研究热点之一。柱塞泵滑靴副油膜厚度的动态特性对分析柱塞泵滑靴副的支撑特性至关重要,为此,提出了一种基于支撑力平衡的柱塞泵滑靴副油膜厚度动态求解新方法。首先,对滑靴副的受力平衡机理进行了分析,并构建了柱塞泵运动学和动力学模型;然后,构建了柱塞泵整泵流场仿真模型,求解了包含滑靴底部支撑力、柱塞腔压力等在内的滑靴副支撑动态边界,并采用容积效率试验数据验证了整泵流场仿真的准确性;最后,建立了滑靴副油膜承载模型,分析了滑靴副油膜支撑特性,提出了基于插值计算理论的柱塞泵滑靴副油膜承载尺度动态求解方法,对1600 r/min与600 r/min两种典型工况的滑靴副油膜动态进行了计算。研究结果显示:大排量柱塞泵转速为1600 r/min时,柱塞惯性力导致高压侧油膜厚度进一步减薄,高压转低压过程中,柱塞腔内出现压力骤降,使滑靴副油膜无法形成,导致滑靴与斜盘发生刚性接触,在该区域内发生异常磨损;而在低转速工况(600 r/min)时,滑靴底面能够有效形成油膜,保证柱塞泵低速运行的可靠性。这表明基于支撑力平衡的柱塞泵滑靴副油膜厚度动态求解方法可以快速地对不同工况下的柱塞泵滑靴副油膜厚度进行求解。

基于SWASH模型的近岸波浪传播变形数值模拟

SWASH模型是一种新型的非静压时域波浪模拟。为了探讨SWASH模型对于解决近岸波浪传播变形问题的适用性,在对其控制方程、边界条件、数值解法等进行介绍的基础上,采用该模型分别模拟了正向规则波、斜向规则波和斜向不规则波入射条件下L形防波堤附近水域的波浪场和波生流场,并与物理试验结果进行对比。结果表明,SWASH模型较好地复演了波浪在近岸区域所发生的浅水变形、折射、破碎,以及堤前反射、堤内绕射等物理现象,波高沿断面的定量分布与试验结果吻合良好,同时较好地模拟了不同波况下防波堤附近水域的波生流场,说明该模型适用于复杂岸线和地形条件下波浪传播变形的数值模拟。

测井绞车输出速度不足的原因分析与解决对策

由于液压泵的生产厂家修改了液压泵的HD阀设计,增加了阻尼孔,导致了控制HD阀压力出现损失,加之绞车的控制胶管过长(10 m),控制油在传递过程中产生的压力损失过大,导致系统先导控制压力建压不足,通过改变控制电路和降低马达先导控制压力,增加绞车输出速度。

鱼雷动力系统技术特点研究及趋势展望

在热动力鱼雷领域,燃气轮机及空间传输机构的活塞式发动机(如斜盘发动机、摆盘发动机及凸轮发动机等)有着较好的应用前景。火箭发动机虽然能提供较高的航速,但由于燃料消耗速度较快,致使总射程较短;而在电动力鱼雷领域,除了提高蓄电池的能量密度之外,针对新型电机的开发进程也在持续进行中。由于发动机的运作过程会受水下背压影响,更倾向于将热动力鱼雷用于攻击水面舰船;而电动力鱼雷由于隐蔽性较好,且潜航深度较深,更利于潜艇使用或进行反潜攻击。鱼雷在海防事业中起到的重要作用,两类鱼雷都将持续得到广泛应用,技术研究依然有着较高的必要性。

基于SWASH模型的珊瑚岛礁波生环流模拟研究

珊瑚礁地形是热带和亚热带近岸浅海地区的显著特征之一。不同于以往常见的近岸缓变地形的水动力环境,岛礁附近水深剧烈变化且存在潟湖和裂口等,导致礁坪上产生显著的波浪增水、波生流现象。采用非静压模型SWASH模拟研究了不同外海波高、周期和礁坪淹没水深对礁坪波高和波浪增水的影响。结果表明波浪通常在礁缘处发生破碎,波高在礁坪上沿程减小,礁坪上的波浪增水随入射波高、周期增大而增大,随礁坪的淹没水深增大而减小。在增水正压力和辐射应力的驱动下在礁坪上形成向岸流、在裂口中形成离岸出流,产生外海-礁坪-潟湖-裂口的水平环流系统。岛礁环流随外海入射波高的增大而增大,礁坪上流速随周期增大而增大,其他区域随礁坪淹没水深和周期变化不明显。

Prediction of Leakage from an Axial Piston Pump Slipper with Circular Dimples Using Deep Neural Networks

Oil leakage between the slipper and swash plate of an axial piston pump has a significant effect on the efficiency of the pump.Therefore,it is extremely important that any leakage can be predicted.This study investigates the leakage,oil film thickness,and pocket pressure values of a slipper with circular dimples under different working conditions.The results reveal that flat slippers suffer less leakage than those with textured surfaces.Also,a deep learning-based framework is proposed for modeling the slipper behavior.This framework is a long short-term memory-based deep neural network,which has been extremely successful in predicting time series.The model is compared with four conventional machine learning methods.In addition,statistical analyses and comparisons confirm the superiority of the proposed model.

Parametric analysis of thermal effect on hydrostatic slipper bearing capacity of axial piston pump

Hydrostatic slipper was often used in friction bearing design, allowing improvement of the latter's dynamic behavior. The influence of thermal effect on hydrostatic slipper bearing capacity of axial piston pump was investigated. A set of lumped parameter mathematical models were developed based on energy conservation law of slipper/ swash plate pair. The results show that thermal equilibrium clearance due to solid thermal deformation periodically changes with shaft rotational angle. The slipper bearing capacity increases dramatically with decreasing thermal equilibrium clearance. In order to improve the slipper bearing capacity, length-to-diameter ratio of fixed damper varies from 3.5 to 8.75 and radius ratio of slipper varies from 1.5 to 2.0. In addition, the higher slipper thermal conductivity is useful to improve slipper bearing capability, but the thermal equilibrium clearance is not compromised.

LUBRICATION FILM FORMATION MECHANISM OF SLIPPER PAIRS IN LOW SPEED HIGH TORQUE HYDRAULIC MOTORS

Pressure-flow analytical formulas of lubrication film of slipper pairs on camshaft connect- ing rod type low speed high torque (LSHT) hydraulic motors are put forward. The bottom surface of slipper pairs is rectangle, and the effect of squeeze flow and pressure differential flow is considered. The dynamic process of lubrication film formation through squeezing is numerically studied by com- puter simulation. Effects of supply pressure, initial lubrication film thickness, velocity damping coef- ficient, loading impact and gravity, etc are studied. Advantages of novel slipper pairs with large oil cavity area are pointed out.

Qualitative Description of Swashing Motion States on Mild Beach Slope

The swashing motion on mild beach slope is dominated by the motion of low frequency waves (LFWs). Companying such a motion, there are two types of swashing motion states, occurrence or no occurrence of LFW’s collision. The present study distinguishes the two states qualitatively by relating it to the number of generated LFWs for the case of two incident wave groups. A simplified swashing index is established theoretically for this purpose. A series of related experiments were performed to observe the generated out-going LFWs on different mild slope from 1:20 to 1:160 and to determine the critical value of the swashing index. Numerical simulations based on higher order Boussinesq equations are also performed to help the recognition of the LFWs generated in the experiment.