This paper studied the gardening activities and characteristics of Xu-style gardens in the Qin and Han Dynasties by combining ancient literature with the study of Han Dynasty stone reliefs.The results showed that by Q...This paper studied the gardening activities and characteristics of Xu-style gardens in the Qin and Han Dynasties by combining ancient literature with the study of Han Dynasty stone reliefs.The results showed that by Qin and Han Dynasties,the imperial(royal)gardens and private gardens in ancient Xuzhou had developed in parallel.Imperial(royal)gardens were built by or for vassal kings,First Emperor of Qin Dynasty,Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty Liu Bang,for example,Pei Palace,Yanqi Tai,Xima Tai,Hanzu Temple,Lingguang Palace of Lu and so on.As for private gardens,stone reliefs in medium or small tombs owned by the bigwigs or the rich were collected from ancient Xuzhou,and from which we can see clearly the development of private garden from the court,the yard to the garden,rich garden plants and animal species,garden architecture types such as hall,building,pavilion,platform,boat,corridor,gate,gatetower,ornamental column etc.,particularly,hanging waterside pavilion was a unique architectural form of Xu-style garden.These achievements showed that Xu-style garden architecture had been transformed from the pre-Qin incubation period to the generation period.展开更多
The Southern Silk Road ran through Sichuan,Yunnan,and other provinces of China.It was a vital transport artery that linked the region of the southwestern Yi(barbarian tribes)to the Central Plains and influenced politi...The Southern Silk Road ran through Sichuan,Yunnan,and other provinces of China.It was a vital transport artery that linked the region of the southwestern Yi(barbarian tribes)to the Central Plains and influenced politics,economy,and culture in the region of the southwestern Yi in ancient times.The imperial governments of the Qin and Han dynasties kept developing regions along the Southern Silk Road.Their relentless efforts brought about social development in the region of the southwestern Yi in three aspects.Politically,they established the county system and step by step integrated the southwestern frontier and the inland into an administrative whole;economically,they implemented“presenting generous gifts and tax exemption,”spread the advanced production technology from the Central Plains,and promoted local economic growth;ideologically,they spread Confucianism and culture,and promoted cultural exchange and development.展开更多
The silk commerce comprises a significant section of the classical economy,yet its initial nature and process along the various trade routes remain largely unexplored.Therefore,this paper endeavors to delineate the pr...The silk commerce comprises a significant section of the classical economy,yet its initial nature and process along the various trade routes remain largely unexplored.Therefore,this paper endeavors to delineate the primary stage of long-distance silk trade,with the objective of revealing a vital interconnection between the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasties at opposite ends of the known world from a mercantile perspective.Starting from the discussion of the relation between the ethnic designation Seres and its alternative meaning of silk,this paper identifies the earliest references to silk in Greco-Roman literature.Subsequently,it demonstrates the evolution and dynamic transformations from the primary northern steppe silk routes to a southern maritime horizon.In addition to the fundamental Greek and Latin sources that offer insight into the condition of the silk trade in its western terminus,records in the Hanshu and the Houhanshu describe the eastern leg.展开更多
文摘This paper studied the gardening activities and characteristics of Xu-style gardens in the Qin and Han Dynasties by combining ancient literature with the study of Han Dynasty stone reliefs.The results showed that by Qin and Han Dynasties,the imperial(royal)gardens and private gardens in ancient Xuzhou had developed in parallel.Imperial(royal)gardens were built by or for vassal kings,First Emperor of Qin Dynasty,Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty Liu Bang,for example,Pei Palace,Yanqi Tai,Xima Tai,Hanzu Temple,Lingguang Palace of Lu and so on.As for private gardens,stone reliefs in medium or small tombs owned by the bigwigs or the rich were collected from ancient Xuzhou,and from which we can see clearly the development of private garden from the court,the yard to the garden,rich garden plants and animal species,garden architecture types such as hall,building,pavilion,platform,boat,corridor,gate,gatetower,ornamental column etc.,particularly,hanging waterside pavilion was a unique architectural form of Xu-style garden.These achievements showed that Xu-style garden architecture had been transformed from the pre-Qin incubation period to the generation period.
基金This paper is a phased research result of the“Studies of the Southern Silk Road and Social Change in the Southwestern Frontier of the Qin and Han Dynasties”(BSYB19-05)a 2019 general program funded by the Center for Bashu Cultural Studies,Sichuan Normal University(a provincial-level key research base for humanities and social sciences funded by the Ministry of Education of the PRC)also a phased research result of“Studies of the Southern Silk Road and the Development and Governance of the Southwest of the Qin and Han Dynasties”(19YB19),a 2019 general program funded by Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences.
文摘The Southern Silk Road ran through Sichuan,Yunnan,and other provinces of China.It was a vital transport artery that linked the region of the southwestern Yi(barbarian tribes)to the Central Plains and influenced politics,economy,and culture in the region of the southwestern Yi in ancient times.The imperial governments of the Qin and Han dynasties kept developing regions along the Southern Silk Road.Their relentless efforts brought about social development in the region of the southwestern Yi in three aspects.Politically,they established the county system and step by step integrated the southwestern frontier and the inland into an administrative whole;economically,they implemented“presenting generous gifts and tax exemption,”spread the advanced production technology from the Central Plains,and promoted local economic growth;ideologically,they spread Confucianism and culture,and promoted cultural exchange and development.
文摘The silk commerce comprises a significant section of the classical economy,yet its initial nature and process along the various trade routes remain largely unexplored.Therefore,this paper endeavors to delineate the primary stage of long-distance silk trade,with the objective of revealing a vital interconnection between the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasties at opposite ends of the known world from a mercantile perspective.Starting from the discussion of the relation between the ethnic designation Seres and its alternative meaning of silk,this paper identifies the earliest references to silk in Greco-Roman literature.Subsequently,it demonstrates the evolution and dynamic transformations from the primary northern steppe silk routes to a southern maritime horizon.In addition to the fundamental Greek and Latin sources that offer insight into the condition of the silk trade in its western terminus,records in the Hanshu and the Houhanshu describe the eastern leg.
