China＇s Sloping Land Conversion Program has been implemented since 2002. It aims to achieve goals of ecological recovery and poverty alleviation, by retiring steeply sloping land from crop production and freeing surp...China＇s Sloping Land Conversion Program has been implemented since 2002. It aims to achieve goals of ecological recovery and poverty alleviation, by retiring steeply sloping land from crop production and freeing surplus agricultural labor for off-farm activities. Given the huge investment that has been poured into it, and its ecological and social impacts, this government-initiated program has attracted significant academic attention and triggered a flood of debate. Since 2004, the debate has concentrated on the sustainability of the program. Although targets have been overachieved in some provinces, concern has still emerged regarding the livelihood of farmers after subsidies stop. The present paper analyzes the implementation of the Sloping Land Conversion Program in Ningxia Autonomous Region, with a focus on the required social capital for sustained participation o f farmers and the development of off-farm economic activities.展开更多
One secondary target of the SLCP is poverty reduction. Therefore,the impact of the SLCP on household income is a subject of much research. This study was conducted to determine whether the SLCP has affected incomes of...One secondary target of the SLCP is poverty reduction. Therefore,the impact of the SLCP on household income is a subject of much research. This study was conducted to determine whether the SLCP has affected incomes of households at different income levels13 years after its implementation. Using survey data from 2012 on rural households＇ livelihoods in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River in Sichuan Province and using the non-participating households as a reference,the current impact of the SLCP on household income is calculated with a multiple linear regression model and a quantile regression model. The socio-geographic features of participating and non-participating households are also be compared. The results show no significant differences between the SLCP participating and non-participating households in many socio-demographic characteristics. Participating in the SLCP had no significant impact on household income at all income levels in the study area in 2012. This finding suggests that the SLCP is not currently increasing household income significantly in the study area,and that the implementation plan of the SLCP should be changed in this area in order to achieve its poverty reduction goal.展开更多
The Sloping Land Conversion Program （SLCP）is one of the biggest ecological rehabilitation efforts in China covering an area of 15.04million hectares （ha）and involving 20.19million rural households and 97.53million...The Sloping Land Conversion Program （SLCP）is one of the biggest ecological rehabilitation efforts in China covering an area of 15.04million hectares （ha）and involving 20.19million rural households and 97.53million farmers .Forestry extension plays a crucial role in the face of economic losses in the short run.This paper summarizes the extension schemes and methodologies adopted ,lessons learnt and specific case analysis is presented.The analysis shows that there is a need to combine the traditional,top-bottom approach with bottom=top＂problem solving ＂approach and strengthen the involvement and bi-directional communications of multiple stakeholders and sectors.This has significant implications for extension strategies to promote the participation of rural masses in ecological rehabilitation efforts that demand some sacrifices from them in the short run.展开更多
构建"退耕还林可持续生计分析框架"。利用北京大学环境经济与政策小组2004年在宁夏和贵州获取的调研数据,采用匹配倍差法(matching difference in difference regression)等计量经济模型,识别退耕还林工程实施对农户可持续生...构建"退耕还林可持续生计分析框架"。利用北京大学环境经济与政策小组2004年在宁夏和贵州获取的调研数据,采用匹配倍差法(matching difference in difference regression)等计量经济模型,识别退耕还林工程实施对农户可持续生计的净影响。短期的收入分析表明,退耕还林对农户的种植业收入产生显著的负面影响;林业和养殖业短期内难以成为替代收入来源;外出务工收入明显增加,但退耕还林在其中发挥的直接促进作用不显著。长期来看,资产积累是决定农户生计状况和发展最重要的指标,但目前中国西部贫困地区人力、物质、自然、社会和资金5种生计资产较低,制约了生计能力的提高。因此,为了促使农户可持续生计的获得及发展,保障政策效果和可持续性,新一轮的退耕还林政策除了实施直接补助外,需要更加关注农户资产和生计能力的加强。展开更多
黄土高原大规模退耕还林使得该区土地利用结构发生了深刻变化,区域生态环境得到了明显改善。研究由此引起的土地利用变化及其合理性,对于加快黄土高原植被恢复、控制黄河泥沙以及实现区域经济社会可持续发展等具有十分重要的理论意义和...黄土高原大规模退耕还林使得该区土地利用结构发生了深刻变化,区域生态环境得到了明显改善。研究由此引起的土地利用变化及其合理性,对于加快黄土高原植被恢复、控制黄河泥沙以及实现区域经济社会可持续发展等具有十分重要的理论意义和应用价值。该文应用遥感(remote sensing,RS)和地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)技术对黄土高原典型流域清水河流域2000-2014年土地利用变化特征进行了分析,并通过构建判别准则体系对土地利用变化的合理性进行了评价。结果表明,该流域实施退耕还林工程以来,土地利用结构发生了重大变化,主要土地利用类型耕地、园地、林地和草地的比例由2000年的1:0.06:2.05:3.95大幅度调整至2014年的1:3.22:12.03:5.51,其变化经历了3个阶段:2000-2005年以退耕还林及其配套措施为主,重点突出了工程的生态效益,土地利用变化合理度为78.60%,属于低度合理;2006-2009年在继续推进荒山造林和封禁的同时,大力开展基本农田与果园建设,兼顾了生态、经济与社会效益,土地利用变化合理度为91.71%,进入高度合理状态;2010-2014年进一步加大苹果产业发展力度,重点突出了经济效益,土地利用变化合理度为95.20%,延续了高度合理态势。建议新一轮退耕还林工程应注意严格控制新的退耕,保护经营好现有林地,适当控制园地规模。展开更多
基金the Dutch Royal Academy of Arts and Sciencesthe Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology
文摘China＇s Sloping Land Conversion Program has been implemented since 2002. It aims to achieve goals of ecological recovery and poverty alleviation, by retiring steeply sloping land from crop production and freeing surplus agricultural labor for off-farm activities. Given the huge investment that has been poured into it, and its ecological and social impacts, this government-initiated program has attracted significant academic attention and triggered a flood of debate. Since 2004, the debate has concentrated on the sustainability of the program. Although targets have been overachieved in some provinces, concern has still emerged regarding the livelihood of farmers after subsidies stop. The present paper analyzes the implementation of the Sloping Land Conversion Program in Ningxia Autonomous Region, with a focus on the required social capital for sustained participation o f farmers and the development of off-farm economic activities.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41201603)
文摘One secondary target of the SLCP is poverty reduction. Therefore,the impact of the SLCP on household income is a subject of much research. This study was conducted to determine whether the SLCP has affected incomes of households at different income levels13 years after its implementation. Using survey data from 2012 on rural households＇ livelihoods in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River in Sichuan Province and using the non-participating households as a reference,the current impact of the SLCP on household income is calculated with a multiple linear regression model and a quantile regression model. The socio-geographic features of participating and non-participating households are also be compared. The results show no significant differences between the SLCP participating and non-participating households in many socio-demographic characteristics. Participating in the SLCP had no significant impact on household income at all income levels in the study area in 2012. This finding suggests that the SLCP is not currently increasing household income significantly in the study area,and that the implementation plan of the SLCP should be changed in this area in order to achieve its poverty reduction goal.
文摘The Sloping Land Conversion Program （SLCP）is one of the biggest ecological rehabilitation efforts in China covering an area of 15.04million hectares （ha）and involving 20.19million rural households and 97.53million farmers .Forestry extension plays a crucial role in the face of economic losses in the short run.This paper summarizes the extension schemes and methodologies adopted ,lessons learnt and specific case analysis is presented.The analysis shows that there is a need to combine the traditional,top-bottom approach with bottom=top＂problem solving ＂approach and strengthen the involvement and bi-directional communications of multiple stakeholders and sectors.This has significant implications for extension strategies to promote the participation of rural masses in ecological rehabilitation efforts that demand some sacrifices from them in the short run.
文摘构建"退耕还林可持续生计分析框架"。利用北京大学环境经济与政策小组2004年在宁夏和贵州获取的调研数据,采用匹配倍差法(matching difference in difference regression)等计量经济模型,识别退耕还林工程实施对农户可持续生计的净影响。短期的收入分析表明,退耕还林对农户的种植业收入产生显著的负面影响;林业和养殖业短期内难以成为替代收入来源;外出务工收入明显增加,但退耕还林在其中发挥的直接促进作用不显著。长期来看,资产积累是决定农户生计状况和发展最重要的指标,但目前中国西部贫困地区人力、物质、自然、社会和资金5种生计资产较低,制约了生计能力的提高。因此,为了促使农户可持续生计的获得及发展,保障政策效果和可持续性,新一轮的退耕还林政策除了实施直接补助外,需要更加关注农户资产和生计能力的加强。
文摘黄土高原大规模退耕还林使得该区土地利用结构发生了深刻变化,区域生态环境得到了明显改善。研究由此引起的土地利用变化及其合理性,对于加快黄土高原植被恢复、控制黄河泥沙以及实现区域经济社会可持续发展等具有十分重要的理论意义和应用价值。该文应用遥感(remote sensing,RS)和地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)技术对黄土高原典型流域清水河流域2000-2014年土地利用变化特征进行了分析,并通过构建判别准则体系对土地利用变化的合理性进行了评价。结果表明,该流域实施退耕还林工程以来,土地利用结构发生了重大变化,主要土地利用类型耕地、园地、林地和草地的比例由2000年的1:0.06:2.05:3.95大幅度调整至2014年的1:3.22:12.03:5.51,其变化经历了3个阶段:2000-2005年以退耕还林及其配套措施为主,重点突出了工程的生态效益,土地利用变化合理度为78.60%,属于低度合理;2006-2009年在继续推进荒山造林和封禁的同时,大力开展基本农田与果园建设,兼顾了生态、经济与社会效益,土地利用变化合理度为91.71%,进入高度合理状态;2010-2014年进一步加大苹果产业发展力度,重点突出了经济效益,土地利用变化合理度为95.20%,延续了高度合理态势。建议新一轮退耕还林工程应注意严格控制新的退耕,保护经营好现有林地,适当控制园地规模。
