Effect of an Inclined Slots on the Power Consumption and Vortices Size in a Rushton Turbine Agitated Tank

Mechanical agitation in baffled vessels with turbines plays a vital role in achieving homogeneous fluid mixing and promoting various transfer operations.Therefore,designing vessels with optimal energy efficiency and flow dynamics is essential to enhance operational performance and eliminate flow perturbations.Hence,the present research focuses on a numerical investigation of the impact of inclined slots with different angles installed at the side-wall of a cylindrical vessel equipped with a Rushton turbine.This study explores power consumption and vortex size while considering various rotation directions of the impeller with different rotation speeds.The numerical simulations are conducted for Reynolds numbers ranging from 104 to 105,using the RANS k-εturbulence model to govern the flow inside the stirred vessel,accounting for mass and momentum balances.The results have shown that the installation of slots reduces power consumption and vortex size compared to conventional vessel configu-rations.Moreover,increasing the slot angle from 0 to 32.5°further reduces energy consumption and vortex size,especially with negative rotation speeds.On the other hand,increasing the Reynolds numbers leads to a decrease in power consumption and an increase in vortex size.The present research therefore proposes a design for con-structing Rushton-turbine stirred vessels offering optimal operation,characterized by reduced energy consumption and minimized vortex size.

Numerical Simulation of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Helicopter Rotor with Tip Slots

Effects of tip slots on the aerodynamic characteristics of helicopter rotor were investigated numerically by solving three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations based on unstructured overset grids algorithm.Improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) based on the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model and adaptive grid refinement technique were employed.Several slots in the rotor blade tip were designed on the base of Caradonna-Tung rotor to study the effect of tip slots.Numerical results show that tip slots are able to introduce the airflow from the leading edge and turn it in the spanwise direction to be ejected out of the face at the rotor blade tip,which can reduce the strength of the rotor blade tip vortex and accelerate the dissipation process.Although tip slots may lead to the decrease of airfoils' lift coefficient at the root of the rotor blade,it can increase the lift coefficient of airfoils at the rotor blade tip,so the lift of the rotor with tip slots is almost the same as that of the rotor without tip slots.In addition,tip slots can also reduce the intensity of the tip shock wave,which is beneficial to reduce the wave drag of the rotor.

Optimization design of wide face water slots for medium-thick slab casting mold

A three-dimensional finite-element model has been established to investigate the thermal behavior of the medium-thick slab copper casting mold with different cooling water slot designs. The mold wall temperatures measured using thermocouples buried in different positions of the mold with the original designed cooling system were analyzed to determine the corresponding heat flux profile. This profile was then used for simulation to predict the temperature distribution and the thermal stress distribution of the molds. The predicted temperatures during operation matched the plant measurements. The results showed that the maximum temperature, about 635 K in the wide hot surface, was found about 60 mm below the meniscus and 226 mm from the center of the mold. For the mold with the type I modified design, there was an insignificant decrease in temperature of about 5 K, and for the mold with the type II modified design, the maximum temperature was decreased by about 15 K and the temperature of the hot surface was distributed more uniformly along the length of the mold. The corresponding maximum thermal stress at the hot surface of the mold was reduced from 408 MPa to 386 MPa with the type II modified design. The results indicated that the modified design II is beneficial to the increase of mold life and the quality of casting slabs.

Increasing Microstrip Patch Antenna Bandwidth by Inserting Ground Slots

Microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is widely implemented in different communication systems. One of the main disadvantages of MPA which limits its applications is its narrow bandwidth. In this paper I enhanced the bandwidth of MPA by inserting multiple slots in its ground plane. I used FR-4 substrate to design this antenna. The dimensions of this antenna are 59 mm and 79 mm. The dielectric constant is 4.4 and the height is 1.6 mm. I inserted up to 15 slots in ground plane with 1mm width. The spacing between slots is 3 mm. I investigated two designs. In the first design, slots were arranged in parallel to the feeding line. In the second one, slots were arranged horizontally to the feeding line. The main objective of this paper is to design and simulate MPA suitable for wide number of applications. Antenna bandwidth improvement is 18%. All the simulations were obtained by using HFSS simulator.

Tri-Band Parallel Slots Loaded Circular Disk Patch Antenna for C and X-Band Applications

This paper presents the tri-band slot loaded patch antenna for mobile communication. The antenna consists of parallel slots loaded circular disk with defected ground structure antenna (DGS). The antenna without DGS, acts like wide band antenna and bandwidth is 34.45% (3.47 - 4.92 GHz) with maximum gain of 4.97 dBi, which can be used in WiMax application. This structure has the following advantages: 1) co-axial feeding technique, which is very simple as compared to other feeding technique, 2) simple and cost effective and 3) it is more efficient than the antenna without DGS. This antenna has been analyzed using IE3D simulation software.

The Equivalent Parameters of an Inclined Slot in Two Crossed Waveguides with Radiating Slots

The effect of longitudinal-offset radiating slots on a centered-inclined feeding slot in the common broad wall of the two crossed rectangular waveguides is analysed quantitatively. The corresponding equivalent parameters are computed by employing the moment method. The numerical results of resonant length of the feeding slot, VSWR and coupling parameter are showed and compared with the case of no radiating slots and short-end. The agreement between theory and experiment is good.

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE LIMIT LOADS FOR PRESSURE VESSELS WITH PART-THROUGH SLOTS

A numerical investigation of the limit loads is carried out for pressure vessels with part-through slots using a general computational method for the limit analysis of 3-D structures. The limit pressures are given for a comprehensive range of geometric parameters. Some of the calculated results are compared with the results of 3-D elastic-plastic finite element analysis and existing numerical solutions. The effects of various shapes and sizes of part-through slots on the load carrying capacity of cylindrical shells are investigated and evaluated. Two kinds of typical failure modes corresponding to different dimensions of slots are studied. Based on the numerical results, a geometric parameter G which combines the slot dimensions and the cylinder geometry is presented. It reasonably reflects the overall effect of slots on the limit loads of cylinders. An empirical formula for estimating the limit pressures of cylindrical shells with part-through slots is obtained.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF CENTERED-INCLINED COUPLING SLOTS IN RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDES

Numerical analysis is presented for the characteristic parameters of centered-inclined coupling slot in rectangular waveguides, taking into account the transverse distribution of the electric field across the slot aperture. Integral equations are formulated based on dyadic Green's function theories and solved using the method of moments. Trigonometric basis functions are adopted. It is found that the method will converge with up to ten basis functions. The characteristic parameters can be easily obtained for different slot sizes. Resonant length and resonant resistance of the coupling slots are calculated. It is shown that the calculated results have very high accuracy, compared with simulated results obtained from commercial software. Therefore, it can be effectively applied in the synthesis of antenna arrays. Effects of the transverse distribution on calculating resonant parameters of the coupling slot are also analyzed. The results show that if the transverse distribution of the electric field is neglected, the calculated error tends to become larger when the slot gets wider or thinner.

Radiations from an Eccentric Coated Cylinder with N Slots

The transverse magnetic (TM) radiation characteristics are investigated for a cylinder with N infinite axial slots of arbitrary opening size and location. The cylinder is a thin circular conductor and coated by an eccentric material. Fields are found by applying the boundary conditions to the cylindrical wave functions. The addition theorem of Bessel functions is used to obtain an infinite series solution in Fourier–Bessel series form. Results are computed by shrinking the generated infinite series to a finite number of terms and compared to other available data. Numerical results in graphical forms for different values are also developed and discussed for small eccentricities.

Computing of Mutual Admittance between Two Circumferential Slots on Cylindrical Waveguide

This paper studies radiation from circumferential slots on cylindrical waveguide by Poynting’s vector method. It can help us to find mutual admittance between two circumferential slots in an antenna array. The main advantage of Poynting’s vector method is its accurate convergence to compute mutual admittance between two circumferential slots. The importance of this matter will be more salient while we want to compare it with other mutual admittances and also use it to optimize an antenna array.

Triple Notched Band Characteristics UWB Antenna Using C-Shaped Slots and Slot-Type Capacitively-Loaded Loop (CLL)

Ultra wide bands antennas with notched bands characteristics have recently been considered for efficient communication between devices. In this paper, a compact ultra-wideband antenna (UWB) for UWB applications with triple bandnotched characteristics is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a square patch with four truncated corners and a partial ground plane with a rectangular slit. The operation bandwidth of the designed antenna is from 2.66 GHz to more than 13.5 GHz. Band-notched characteristics of antenna to reject the frequency band of 3.18 - 3.59 GHz and 4.70 - 5.88 GHz, is realized by inserting two C-shaped slots in the patch, the third band of 9.54 - 12.22 GHz is achieved by slottype capacitively-loaded loop (CLL) inserted in the patch near the feed line. Details of the proposed antenna design and simulated results are presented and discussed.

Double U-Shaped Slots Loaded Stacked Patch Antenna for Multiband Operation

The design of a seven-band stacked patch antenna for the C, X and Ku band is presented. The antenna consists of an H-slot loaded fed patch, stacked with dual U-slot loaded rectangular patch to generate the seven frequency bands. The total size of the antenna is 39.25 × 29.25 mm2. The multiband stacked patch antenna is studied and designed using IE3D simulator. For verification of simulation results, the antenna is analyzed by circuit theory concept. The simulated return loss, radiation pattern and gain are presented. Simulated results show that the antenna can be designed to cover the frequency bands from (4.24 GHz to 4.50 GHz, 5.02 GHz to 5.25 GHz) in C-band application, (7.84 GHz to 8.23 GHz) in X-band and (12.16 GHz to 12.35 GHz, 14.25 GHz to 14.76 GHz, 15.25 GHz to 15.51 GHz, 17.52 GHz to 17.86 GHz) in Ku band applications. The bandwidths of each band of the proposed antenna are 5.9%, 4.5%, 4.83%, 2.36%, 3.53%, 1.68% and 1.91%. Similarly the gains of the proposed band are 2.80 dBi, 4.39 dBi, 4.54 dBi, 10.26 dBi, 8.36 dBi and 9.91 dBi, respectively.

Aeroheating CFD analysis of missile slots

This paper develops a hypersonic aerothermal simulation method for missile slot flow. The finite volume method of structure grid solver is developed for solving Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. The solver includes Park＇s two temperature model and the air multi-species reaction model. The second-order accuracy TVD numerical method was deduced to compute the hypersonic aeroheating which improves the computational efficiency. Computational results are given to show the high accuracy comparing to the existing experimental data.

Secondary trading of airport slots:Issues and challenges

Most Level 3 airports around the world suffer severe congestion and flight delays.Airlines have to obtain airport slots in order to schedule flights at such airports.The main way for airlines to acquire slots is primary slot allocation,in which a slot coordinator distributes slots to airlines according to certain rules and regulations.Due to excessive demand for slots and restrictions on allocation rules,it is difficult for some airlines to obtain the desired slots in this manner.Another way for airlines to obtain slots is through secondary slot trading,in which slots can be redistributed among airlines without being returned to slot pool.The secondary trading of airport slots has played a positive role in promoting the efficient utilization of slot resources,but systematic studies are insufficient.This paper discusses the reasons for the existence of slot secondary trading,sorts out the main policies and rules governing the mechanism,investigates its impacts on the industry and society,and points out the major problems and challenges.The paper provides a reference for subsequent research and practical application of airport slot secondary trading in the future.

Investigation on photonic crystal nanobeam cavity based on mixed diamond–circular holes

A photonic crystal nanobeam cavity(M-PCNC)with a structure incorporating a mixture of diamond-shaped and circular air holes is pro-posed.The performance of the cavity is simulated and studied theoretically.Using thefinite-difference time-domain method,the parameters of the M-PCNC,including cavity thickness and width,lattice constant,and radii and numbers of holes,are optimized,with the quality factor Q and mode volume Vm as performance indicators.Mutual modulation of the lattice constant and hole radius enable the proposed M-PCNC to realize outstanding performance.The optimized cavity possesses a high quality factor Q 1.45105 and an ultra-small mode=×volume Vm 0.01(λ/n)[Zeng et al.,Opt Lett 2023:48;3981–3984]in the telecommunications wavelength range.Light can be progres-=sively squeezed in both the propagation direction and the perpendicular in-plane direction by a series of interlocked anti-slots and slots in the diamond-shaped hole structure.Thereby,the energy can be confined within a small mode volume to achieve an ultra-high Q/Vm ratio.

Survey on performance of vertical slot and nature-like fishways at Angu hydropower station, Southwest China

To restore dam-blocked natural fish migratory passages,a growing number of artificial fishways have been built in water conservancy and hydropower projects in China.The Angu hydropower station involved diverse important fish habitats in the lower reaches of the Daduhe River in Southwest China.Therefore,a vertical slot fishway(VSF)and a nature-like fishway(NLF)were built near the backwater area of the reservoir to connect the upstream and downstream habitats.Hydrodynamic and aquatic ecological surveys were conducted after the completion of the project to estimate the fish passing effect of the two fishways.The results indicated that both fishways were in effective operation and could maintain the desired hydrodynamic conditions and be used by several local fish species.During the survey,149 fish from 15 species and 111 fish from 17 species were captured by the traps in the VSF and NLF,respectively,while 1263 fish from 27 species were found in the downstream area.Some species captured in the VSF were not found in the NLF,and vice versa,which implied the different preferences of fish.Meanwhile,3789 signals including 2099 upward ones and 1690 downward ones were monitored with an ultrasonic fish detector at the inlet of the VSF.These findings revealed the characteristics of fish species observed in and near the fishways and provided valuable insights into the different fish passing capabilities of VSFandNLF.

A broadband terahertz quarter wave plate based on asymmetric cross slots

In this paper, a transmissive terahertz(THz) quarter wave plate(QWP) has been proposed to realize the linear-to-circular polarization conversion in terahertz range. This quarter wave plate is composed of two dielectric layers and one metallic layer with asymmetric cross slots. In the range of 0.894-1.378 THz, the axis ratio of proposed device is less than 3 d B, and its polarization conversion efficiency is more than 45%. The distributions of surface currents and electromagnetic field density had been proposed to understand the physical mechanism of proposed device. The linear-to-circular polarization conversion can be attributed to the asymmetric transmission along slots. Finally, the simulation results are validated by experiments in terahertz region. The proposed device has simple geometry and good performance, which can be used as a key component in applications of terahertz communications, terahertz imaging and terahertz sensing.

Shape optimization of 3D curved slots and its application to the squirrel-cage elastic support design

The squirrel-cage elastic support is one of the most important components of an aero-engine rotor system.A proper structural design will favor the static and dynamic performances of the system.In view of the deficiency of the current shape optimization techniques,a new mapping approach is proposed to define shape design variables based on the parametric equations of 3D curves and surfaces.It is then applied for the slot shape optimization of a squirrel-cage elastic support.To this end,an automatic design procedure that integrates the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is developed to solve the problem.Two typical examples with different shape constraints are considered.Numerical results provide reasonable optimum designs for the improvement of stiffness and strength of the squirrel-cage elastic support.

A Brief Review on Aerodynamic Performance of Wingtip Slots and Research Prospect

Wingtip slots,where the outer primary feathers of birds split and spread vertically,are regarded as an evolved favorable feature that could effectively improve their aerodynamic performance.They have inspired many to perform experiments and simulations as well as to relate their results to aircraft design.This paper aims to provide guidance for the research on the aerodynamic mechanism of wingtip slots.Following a review of previous wingtip slot research,four imperfections are put forward:vacancies in research content,inconsistencies in research conclusions,limitations of early research methods,and shortage of the aerodynamic mechanism analysis.On this basis,further explorations and expansion of the influence factors for steady state are needed;more attention should be poured into the application of flow field integration method to decompose drag,and evaluation of variation in induced drag seems a more rational choice.Geometric and kinematic parameters of wingtip slot structure in the unsteady state,as well as the flexibility of wingtips,should be taken into account.As for the aerodynamic mechanism of wingtip slots,the emphasis can be placed on the study of the formation,development,and evolution of wingtip vortices on slotted wings.Besides,some research strategies and feasibility analyses are proposed for each part of the research.