Effects of allocryptopine on outward potassium current and slow delayed rectifier potassium current in rabbit myocardium

Objective Allocryptopine （ALL） is an effective alkaloid of Corydalis decumbens （Thunb.） Pers. Papaveraceae and has proved to be an- ti-arrhythmic. The purpose of our study is to investigate the effects of ALL on transmural repolarizing ionic ingredients of outward potassium current （Ito） and slow delayed rectifier potassium current （IKs）. Methods The monophasic action potential （MAP） technique was used to record the MAP duration of the epicardium （Epi）, myocardium （M） and endocardium （Endo） of the rabbit heart and the whole cell patch clamp was used to record/to and IKs in cardiomyocytes of Epi, M and Endo layers that were isolated from rabbit ventricles. Results The effects of ALL on MAP of Epi, M and Endo layers were disequilibrium. ALL could effectively reduce the transmural dispersion of repolarization （TDR） in rabbit transmural ventricular wall. ALL decreased the current densities of/to and IKs in a voltage and concentration dependent way and narrowed the repolarizing differences among three layers. The analysis of gating kinetics showed ALL accelerated the channel activation ofIto in M layers and partly inhibit the channel openings of/to in Epi, M and Endo cells. On the other hand, ALL mainly slowed channel deactivation of IKs channel in Epi and Endo layers without affecting its activation. Conclusions Our study gives partially explanation about the mechanisms of tmnsmural inhibition of/to and IKs channels by ALL in rabbit myocardium. These findings provide novel perspective regarding the anti-arrhythmogenesis application of ALL in clinical settings.

Differential Effects of d, l-Sotalol and d-Sotalol on Isoproterenol-Increased Delayed Rectifier Outward Potassium Current in Guinea Pig Single Ventricular Myocytes

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of d, l-Sotalol and dSotalol on the delayed rectifier K+ outward current in the presence of isoproterenol at different concentrations. Time-dependent delayed rectifier K+ outward currents were measured in isolated guinea pig single myocytes using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Currents were measured in response to 300 ms depolarizing pulses from a holding potential of -40 mV in three experimental protocols [control, isoproterenol (10^(9)mol/L - 10^(-6) mol/L ), and isoproterenol (10^(-9)mol/L - 10^(-6)mol/L ) plus either d, l-Sotalol (10^(-4) mol/L) or d-Sotalol (10^(-4) mol/L)]. IK tail currents were measured upon repolarization to -40 mV. It was found that Ik was significantly amplified in the presence. of isoproterenol (10^(-9) mol/L- 10^(-6) mol/L) plus d-Sotalol. At 10-8 mol/L isoproterenol, Ik was increased by 92. 7%±17. 1 % (P<0. 05) and 54. 3 %±13. 4 % after d-Sotalol addition (P<0. 05). In contrast, d, l-Sotalol completely conteracted the increase of iK by isoproterenol (<10^(-8) mol/L), and compared to control, Ic was decreased by 35. 6 % ±8. 1% at 10^(-8) mol/L isoproterenol plus d, l-Sotalol (P<0. 05). It is concluded that the β-adrenergic blocking property of d, l-Sotalol but not that of dSotalol maintains the delayed rectifier K+ outward current blockade in the presence of isoproterenol in guinea pig myocytes. This might contribute to a superior antiarrhythmic efficacy as compared to d-Sotalol.

Distinct protein kinase C isozymes mediates inhibitory effects of different G-protein coupled receptors on cardiac rapidly activating delayed rectifier K ~ current

Aim Evidence has shown that stimulation of alA-adrenorecetors receptor （alA-AR） or angiotensin II type 1 receptor （AT1R） acutely down-regulates the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K ＋ current （IKr） via protein kinase C （PKC）. This study was designed to investigate which PKC isozymes mediate down-regulations of IKr by alA-AR and AT1R. Method The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record IKr in native cardio- myocytes and in human embryonic kidney （HEK） 293 cells co-transfected with human ether-a-go-go related gene （hERG） encoding α-subunit of IKr and human alA-AR or AT1R gene. Result In isolated guinea-pig ventricular cardiomyocytes the inhibitory action of Ang II on IKr was little affected by Go6976 （selectively inhibiting PKCα, β and γ） and Go6983 （selectively inhibiting PKCα, β, γ , δ, and ζ）, but was significantly antagonized by an inter- nal dialysis with PKCe-selective inhibitory peptide εV1 -2. In contrast, the inhibitory action of alA-AR agonist A61603 on IKr was remarkably attenuated by Go6976 or Go6983, but not affected by peptide εV1 -2. Moreover, specific PKC-selective inhibitory peptide antagonized the effect of A61603. The results suggested that PKCe and PKCα isoform respectively mediated the inhibitory effect of AT1R and a1A-AR. In heterologous expression system, both PKCα and e-selective activator peptides down regulated hERG current with different manner. PKCα activator peptide shifted the activation curve of the channel to the right, but PKCe-selective activator peptide did not. Simi- larly, A61603 shifted the activation curve to the right, whereas Ang Ⅱ had no effect. In addition, both A61603 and PKCα activator peptide showed inhibitory action on bERG A PKC current （an bERG mutant in which 17 of the 18 ROSITE-predicted PKC acceptor serines/threonines were changed to alanine） with a similar potency to wild type bERG current. But, both Ang Ⅱ and PKCe-selective activator peptide exhibited no effects on bERG △ PKC cur- rent. The results indicated that PKCα and PKCe isoforms down-regulated bERG current through different mecha- nism. Conclusion PKCα and PKCe isoform respectively mediates the inhibition on IKr by stimulation of AT1R and alA-AR via different molecular mechanism.

Effect of Interleukin-1β on I_A and I_K Currents in Cultured Murine Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons

To investigate the effect of intedeukin-1β （IL-1β） on IA and IK currents in cultured murine trigeminal ganglion （TG） neurons, whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record the IA and IK currents before and after 20 ng/mL IL-1β perfusion. Our results showed that 20 ng/mL IL-1β inhibited IA currents （18.3±10.7）% （n=6, P〈0.05）. IL-1β at 20 ng/mL had no effect on G-V curve of IA but moved the H-infinity curve V0.5 from -36.6±6. 1 mV to-42.4±5.2 mV （n=5, P〈0.01）. However, 20 ng/mL IL-1β had effect on neither the amplitude nor the G-V curve of IK. IL-1β was found to selectively inhibit IA current in TG neurons and the effect may contribute to hyperalgesia under various inflammatory conditions.

Differential effects of d,l-sotalol and d-sotalol on isoproterenol increased delayed rectifier outward potassium current in guinea pig myocytes

Objective Catecholamines antagonize the clinical efficacy of pure class Ⅲ antiarrhythmic agents in vivo. The antiarrhythmic agent d, l sotalol has β adrenergic blocking properties and class Ⅲ activity. However, its d isomer without β blockade has been shown to exert significant proarrhythmia. To determine the role of β adrenergic blocking properties of d, l sotalol on its antiarrhythmic effect, we compared the effects of d, l sotalol and d sotalol on delayed rectifier K + outward current in the presence of isoproterenol at different concentrations. Methods Time dependent delayed rectifier K + outward currents, I K (I Kr and I Ks ) and tail current (I K tail ) were measured in isolated guinea pig myocytes using the whole cell configuration of the patch clamp technique. Currents were measured in response to 300 ms depolarizing pulses from a holding potential of Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (Yao XZ, Yannoulis NC, Kiehn J and Brachmann J) 40 mV in three experimental protocols [control, isoproterenol (10 9 -10 6 mol/L), and isoproterenol (10 9 -10 6 mol/L) plus either d, l sotalol (10 4 mol/L) or d sotalol (10 4 mol/L)]. I K tail currents were measured upon repolarization to 40 mV. Results Isoproterenol significantly inreased I K and I K tail in a concentration dependent manner. I K was significantly amplified in the presence of isoproterenol (10 9 -10 6 mol/L) plus d sotalol. At 10 8 mol/L isoproterenol, I K was increased by 92.3%±23.7% before and 54.3%±13.4% after d sotalol. In contrast, d, l sotalol strongly suppressed the effect of isoproterenol on I K, and compared to control, I K was decreased by 35.6%±8.1% at 10 8 mol/L isoproterenol. Conclusions The β adrenergic blocking property of d, l sotalol maintains delayed rectifier K + outward current block in the presence of isoproterenol in guinea pig myocytes. This may result in its supperior antiarrhythmic efficacy compared to d sotalol.

黄连素对结肠平滑肌细胞膜钙激活钾通道和延迟整流钾通道的影响

目的 研究黄连素对结肠平滑肌细胞膜钙离子激活钾通道 (IK(Ca) )和延迟整流钾通道 (IK(V) )的影响以初步探讨其治疗运动性腹泻的机制。方法 酶解法急性分离单个豚鼠结肠平滑肌细胞 ,运用膜片钳方法检测 10、5 0、10 0 μmol·L-1的黄连素对结肠平滑肌细胞膜IK(Ca) 和IK(V) 的影响。结果 10、5 0、10 0 μmol·L-1的黄连素可抑制豚鼠单个结肠平滑肌细胞膜IK(Ca) (P <0 0 1) ,当阶跃刺激为 +80mV时 ,其IK(Ca) 分别为生理盐水对照组的 (6 8 2 0± 5 17) % ,(5 5 89± 1 6 1) % ,(4 8 0 8± 2 4 5 ) % (P <0 0 1) ;10、5 0、10 0 μmol·L-1的黄连素可抑制豚鼠单个结肠平滑肌细胞膜IK(V) (P <0 0 1) ,当阶跃刺激为 +80mV时 ,其IK(V) 分别为生理盐水对照组的 (77 0 6± 6 4 2 ) % ,(6 8 6 7± 6 79) % ,(6 1 0 7±7 72 ) % (P <0 0 1)。结论 Ber能抑制豚鼠结肠平滑肌钙离子激活钾通道和延迟整流钾通道的开放 ,这可能是其治疗运动性腹泻的机制之一。

苄基四氢巴马汀对豚鼠心室肌细胞快激活延迟整流钾电流的作用(英文)

目的 研究苄基四氢巴马汀 (BTHP)对心室肌细胞快激活 (Ikr)延迟整流钾电流的作用。方法用全细胞膜片钳技术记录豚鼠心室肌细胞钾离子通道电流。结果 BTHP在 1～ 10 0 μmol·L-1以浓度依赖性方式阻滞Ikr,其IC50 为 13 5 μmol·L-1(95 %可信范围 :11 2～ 15 8μmol·L-1)。 30 μmol·L-1BTHP可使Ikr及Ikr,tail分别降低 (31± 4 ) %和 (36± 5 ) % (n =6 ,P <0 0 1)。与多数III类抗心律失常药物不同 ,BTHP可频率依赖性地抑制Ikr。该药主要改变Ikr的失活过程 ,可使Ikr的失活时间常数 (τ)从 (2 38± 16 )ms降至 (196± 14 )ms ,而对Ikr的激活动力学影响不大。结论 BTHP对Ikr有明显的抑制作用 。

盐酸关附甲素对豚鼠和大鼠心肌细胞钾通道的阻断作用

目的用膜片钳全细胞记录法观察盐酸关附甲素(GFA)对分离的单个豚鼠心室肌细胞缓慢激活型延迟整流钾电流(IKs),大鼠内向整流钾电流(IK1)、瞬时外向钾电流(Ito)的影响。方法用急性酶解法分离获得单个豚鼠和大鼠心室肌细胞。用标准的全细胞膜片钳技术记录IKs、IK1、Ito离子通道电流,观察不同浓度的GFA对豚鼠心室肌细胞IKs,大鼠心室肌细胞IK1、Ito的影响。结果50,150,500μmol/LGFA使IKs尾电流(IKs,tail)最大峰值电流密度分别降低11.4%±3.32%、23.3%±7.36%、36.7%±4.99%,P<0.05;使IK1稳态电流密度分别降低5.1%±0.6%、7.5%±0.9%、7.2%±0.9%;50,500μmol/LGFA使Ito最大峰值电流密度分别降低6.1%±0.64%、8.6%±1.13%。结论GFA对IKs具有浓度依赖性阻滞作用,这可能是其延长动作电位时程而对静息电位影响不大的电生理基础,是其抗心律失常作用的机制之一。

内向整流钾通道激动剂对大鼠异丙肾诱发心律失常的抑制作用

目的观察内向整流钾通道(IK1通道)激动剂扎考必利(zacopride,Zac)对异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol,ISO)诱发大鼠心律失常的抑制作用及其机制。方法 1利用麻醉状态大鼠体表心电图观察Zac对ISO诱发心律失常的效应;2利用细胞内微电极技术观察Zac对大鼠右心室乳头肌细胞静息电位及ISO联合高钙诱发延迟后除极(DADs)和触发活动(TA)的效应。结果 1 ISO组大鼠出现频发室性期前收缩及ST段下移;与之相比,ISO+Zac组大鼠室性期前收缩的发生率从100%降至50%(n=6,P<0.05),1 h内室性期前收缩的个数从1 574±521降至33±40(n=6,P<0.05)。2 Zac(1μmol·L-1)使正常大鼠右心室乳头肌细胞静息电位从(-74.42±1.95)m V增加至(-78.50±2.07)m V(n=6,P<0.05)。3 Zac(1μmol·L-1)可明显抑制ISO联合高钙诱发的大鼠右心室乳头肌DADs和TA,使其发生率从93.75%降至25%(n=16,P<0.05),且这一作用可被1μmol·L-1Ba Cl2反转。结论选择性IK1通道激动剂扎考必利可明显抑制ISO诱发的室性心律失常,其机制与它增强IK1,使膜电位负值增大和抑制延迟后除极有关。这一结果进一步支持适度增强IK1是一条可行的抗心律失常途径。

人心肌细胞缓慢激活延迟整流钾电流细胞模型的建立

目的建立稳定表达人心肌细胞缓慢激活延迟整流钾电流(IKs)的细胞模型。方法编码IKs通道α亚单位的KCNQ1基因及β亚单位的KCNE1基因共转染HEK 293细胞,潮霉素B筛选,电生理学及药理学方法鉴定。结果KCNQ1/KCNE1基因被成功转入HEK 293细胞,KCNQ1/KCNE1电流与人心肌IKs电流具有相似的电流特性;hKCNQ1/hKCNE1通道反转电位与细胞外钾离子浓度呈线性关系;选择性IKs通道阻断剂Chromanol 293B对KCNQ1/KCNE1电流具有明显而可逆的抑制作用,其IC50(+40 mV)为9.1μmol/L;无钾细胞外液可以增加KCNQ1/KCNE1电流幅度,+40 mV时电流幅度增加(28.6±2.0)%(P<0.01,n=8),但对其动力学特性无明显影响。结论已经成功构建稳定表达人心肌KCNQ1/KCNE1通道蛋白的HEK 293细胞系,其电生理学特性和药理学特性与人心肌IKs相似,可以作为研究人心肌IKs的细胞模型。

乙酰胆碱对豚鼠外毛细胞的电压依赖性外向整流钾电流的影响

目的 观察乙酰胆碱（ＡＣｈ）对不同长度豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞（ＯＨＣ）电压依赖性外向整流钾电流的影响，分析 ＡＣｈ对钾电流激活动力学的影响。方法 全细胞膜片钳技术。结果１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＡＣｈ对短ＯＨＣ电压依赖性外向整流钾电流的影响较大，刺激电压为５０ｍＶ时，最大外向电流的幅度增加了３４．８％。ＡＣｈ对峰电流的影响大于稳态电流，改变了外向整流钾电流的动力学特征。ＡＣｈ将ＯＨＣ的零电流电位向超极化方向移位约５ｍＶ。1００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＡＣｈ使ＯＨＣ电压依赖性外向整流钾电流的激活动力学发生改变，Ｖ（１／２）＝（－５２．３８±３．９８）ｍＶ，较作用前明显超极化，激活的电压敏感性也提高，Ｓ＝（４０±４．１４）ｍＶ（ｎ＝５）。结论ＡＣｈ增加了ＯＨＣ电压依赖性外向整流钾通道的电导，使通道的激活电压向超极化方向移位。ＡＣｈ的作用是使ＯＨＣ超极化。

心脏复极储备电流I_(Ks)在糖尿病QT间期延长性别差异中的作用

目的:观察不同性别糖尿病家兔QT间期延长病理条件下的缓慢延迟整流钾电流(IKs)以及蛋白变化,为探讨糖尿病性长QT综合征性别差异的离子机制做基础。方法:取体重2-2.5 kg家兔,一次性注射预热(37℃)的四氧嘧啶(140 mg/kg),8周后造成1型糖尿病模型,测定血糖,记录标准II导联心电图,采用酶解法分离家兔单个心室肌细胞,应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录动作电位时程(APD)和IKs,并且运用Western blotting法检测KvLQT1和mink蛋白表达变化。结果:雌雄糖尿病组QT间期和APD均较对照组延长,雄性延长明显,且延长百分比差异显著(P<0.05)。在+40 mV到+70 mV测试电压范围内,雄性糖尿病组IKsstep电流密度均低于对照组(P<0.05),在+70 mV时,由对照组(3.08±0.67)pA/pF(n=17)降低到(1.27±0.20)pA/pF(n=16),在0 mV^+70 mV测试电压范围内,雌性糖尿病组IKsstep电流密度均高于对照组(P<0.05),在+70 mV时,由对照组的(1.56±0.20)pA/pF(n=13)增加到(3.65±0.50)pA/pF(n=14)。Western blotting结果显示雄性糖尿病组Kv-LQT1和mink蛋白表达水平分别下调21.6%和18.5%;雌性糖尿病组KvLQT1和mink蛋白表达水平分别上调42.3%和20.5%(P<0.05)。结论:IKs参与了糖尿病QT间期延长的发生,并且存在性别差异。在雌性家兔早期糖尿病模型中,作为一个复极储备,代偿性上调,限制了QT间期的过度延长。

Characterization of a Chinese KCNQ1 mutation （R259H） that shortens repolarization and causes short QT syndrome 2

Objectives To evaluate the association between a KCNQ 1 mutation, R259H, and short QT syndrome （SQTS） and to explore the elec- trophysiological mechanisms underlying their association. Methods We performed genetic screening of SQTS genes in 25 probands and their family members （63 patients）. We used direct sequencing to screen the exons and intron-exon boundaries of candidate genes that en- code ion channels which contribute to the repolarization of the ventricular action potential, including KCNQI, KCNH2, KCNE1, KCNE2, KCNJ2, CACNAlc, CACNB2b and CACNA2D1. In one of the 25 SQTS probands screened, we discovered a KCNQ1 mutation, R259H. We cloned R259H and transiently expressed it in HEK-293 cells; then, currents were recorded using whole cell patch clamp techniques. Results R259H-KCNQ 1 showed significantly increased current density, which was approximately 3-fold larger than that of wild type （WT） after a depolarizing pulse at 1 s. The steady state voltage dependence of the activation and inactivation did not show significant differences between the WT and R259H mutation （P 〉 0.05）, whereas the time constant of deactivation was markedly prolonged in the mutant compared with the WT in terms of the test potentials, which indicated that the deactivation of R259H was markedly slower than that of the WT. These results suggested that the R259H mutation can effectively increase the slowly activated delayed rectifier potassium current （Irs） in phase 3 of the cardiac action potential, which may be an infrequent cause of QT interval shortening. Conclusions R259H is a gain-of-function muta- tion of the KCNQ1 channel that is responsible for SQTS2. This is the first time that the R259H mutation was detected in Chinese people.

豚鼠M细胞缓慢激活型延迟整流钾电流对缺血的反应

目的:研究缺血对豚鼠心室M细胞缓慢激活型延迟整流钾通道电流（Iks）的影响。方法:利用全细胞膜片钳技术观察豚鼠心室M细胞Iks,利用不同成分浴槽液模拟细胞正常及缺血环境,观察Iks尾电流锋值的变化情况。结果:指令电压≥0mV时,缺血组电流显著小于正常组,P<0.05;指令电压小于0mV时,两组间无显著性差异,P>0.05。结论:缺血时M细胞Iks显著减弱,可能会增加心室壁电活动不均一性,促使心律失常的发生.

豚鼠左心室不同区域细胞Iks电流对缺血反应的差异

目的:研究缺血时豚鼠左心室心内、外膜细胞及M细胞缓慢激活延迟整流钾通道电流（Iks）的变化特性。方法:利用全细胞膜片钳技术观察豚鼠左心室心内、外膜细胞及M细胞Iks变化,利用不同成分浴槽液模拟细胞正常及缺血环境,观察Iks尾电流锋值的变化情况.结果:缺血时,三层细胞Iks均小于正常状态;指令电压小于0 mV时,三层细胞Iks同步减小,减少率无显著性差异,P>0.05。指令电压≥0mV时,M细胞Iks减少程度明显高于心内、外膜细胞,P<0.05;而心内、外膜细胞减少率无显著性差异,P>0.05。结论:缺血时左心室心内、外膜细胞及M细胞Iks减弱,而M细胞Iks减弱更为明显,这可能会增加心室壁电活动不均一性,诱发心律失常。

兔肥厚心肌细胞内膜和外膜慢反应延迟整流钾电流和动作电位时程的变化

目的探讨肥厚心肌的电生理重构机制,观察肥厚心肌细胞内膜和外膜慢反应延迟整流钾电流(IKs)和动作电位时程(APD)的变化。方法家兔16只随机分为假手术组和心肌肥厚组。心肌肥厚组通过部分结扎腹主动脉的方法造成兔压力负荷性心肌肥厚模型,假手术组只暴露腹主动脉而不行缩窄术。实验以胶原酶分离兔心肌细胞,采用全细胞膜片钳记录IKs和APD。结果①假手术组和心肌肥厚组心内膜的IKs均显著小于心外膜。②与假手术组相比,心肌肥厚组心内膜和心外膜的IKs显著减小。③假手术组和心肌肥厚组心内膜的APD均显著长于心外膜。④与假手术组相比,心肌肥厚组心内膜和心外膜的APD显著延长。结论肥厚心肌IKs存在跨室壁异质性,同时伴有心外膜和心内膜不均一的IKs减小,造成复极时程延长和跨室壁复极不均一性的增加。

The ionic mechanisms of long QT interval in diabetic rabbits

Objective Abnormal QT prolongation associated with arrhythmias is considered the major cardiac electrical disorder and a significant predictor of mortality in diabetic patients. The precise ionic mechanisms for diabetic QT prolongation remained unclear. The present study was designed to analyze the changes of ventricular repolarization and the underlying ionic mechanisms in diabetic rabbit hearts. Methods Diabetes was induced by a single injection ofalloxan （145mg/kg, Lv. ）. After the development of diabetes （10 weeks）, ECG was measured. Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was applied to record the action potential duration （APD50, APD90）, slowly activating outward rectifying potassium current （IKs）, L-type calcium current （ICa-L） and inward rectifying potassium current （IK1）. Results The action potential duration （APD50 and APD90） of ventricular myocytes was obviously prolonged from 271.5＋32.3 ms and 347.8＋36.3 ms to 556.6~72.5 ms and 647.9~72.2 ms respectively （P〈 0.05）. Meanwhile the normalized peak current densities of IKs in ventricular myocytes investigated by whole-cell patch clamp was smaller in diabetic rabbits than that in control group at test potential of＋50mV （1.27~0.20 pA/pF vs 3.08~0.67 pA/pF, P〈0.05）. And the density of the ICa-L was increased apparently at the test potential of 10 mV （-2.67~0.41 pA/pF vs -5.404-1.08 pA/pF, P〈0.05）. Conclusion Ventricular repolarization was prolonged in diabetic rabbits, it may be partly due to the increased L-type calcium current and reduced slow delayed rectifier K＋ current （IKs） （J Geriatr Cardio12010; 7：25-29）.

Effect of Cu^2＋ on K^＋ Current in Acutely Isolated Rat Hippocampal Neurons by Whole Cell Patch Clamp Technique

Using the whole cell patch clamp technique, the effect of Cu^2＋on transient outward K^＋current （/to） and delayed rectifier K^＋ current （Idr） was studied in acutely isolated rat hippocampal neurons.Ito and Idr were increased when the concentration of Cu^2＋ was lower than 2 × 10^-5 and 10^-5 tool/L, respectively, and increased ratio was decreased with increasing Cu^2＋concentration in the bath solutions. When the concentration continued to increase to 5× 10^-5 and 2 × 10^- 5 mol/L, the currents were hardly changed, while the concentration was more than 10^-4 and 5 × 10^-5 mol/L, the currents were inhibited remarkably. Cu^2＋ （10^-5 mol/L） did not affect the activation and inactivation process of Ito. The activation curve of Idr was shifted toward positive potential, but 10^-5 mol/L Cu^2＋did not affect slope factor. According to these results, it was considered that Cu^2＋at low concentration in the bath solution could promote Ito and Idr while at high concentration could inhibit them, and change of amplitude was different with different membrane voltage. Conclusion was drawn： Cu^2＋may be involved in the pathophysiologic mechanism of diseases with neuropathological components.

1-磷酸鞘氨醇对心肌细胞延迟整流钾电流2种成分的作用

目的:研究1-磷酸鞘氨醇(S1P)对豚鼠心室肌细胞延迟整流钾电流的2种成分快速激活整流钾电流(IKr)和缓慢激活整流钾电流(IKs)的作用。方法:用胶原酶酶解法急性分离豚鼠心室肌细胞,随机分为正常对照组、S1P(1.1μmol/L)组、S1P(1.1μmol/L)加苏拉明(Suramin)(200μmol/L)组。利用全细胞膜片钳的方法记录心室肌细胞IKr和IKs及其尾电流。结果:①对照组IKr和IKr的尾电流分别为(0.85±0.53)nA和(0.65±0.40)nA。加入S1P后,IKr和IKr的尾电流受到明显抑制,下降到(0.63±0.37)nA和(0.56±0.29)nA(P<0.05,n=6)。而加入S1P加Suramin后,抑制作用消失,IKr和IKr的尾电流为(0.85±0.41)nA和(0.71±0.43)nA,与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,n=6)。②对照组IKs和IKs的尾电流分别为(1.53±0.61)nA和(0.82±0.34)nA。加入S1P后,下降到(1.47±0.46)nA和(0.79±0.41)nA,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,n=6)。结论:S1P可降低豚鼠心室肌细胞IKr的幅值,并且是通过其特异性的G蛋白耦联S1P受体介导而产生这些作用。S1P对豚鼠心室肌细胞IKs没有作用。

桂枝甘草汤对豚鼠心室肌细胞IKs及HEK293细胞IKr的影响

目的探讨桂枝甘草汤治疗心律失常的可能作用机制及配伍意义。方法30只SD大鼠随机分为桂枝组(桂枝单煎液120 mg/ml)、甘草组(甘草单煎液60 mg/ml)、桂枝甘草单煎液混合组(桂枝单煎液+甘草单煎液混合180 mg/ml)、桂枝甘草汤同煎液组(桂枝和甘草同煎液180 mg/ml)、对照组(生理盐水),每组6只。各组每天灌胃相应药物1 ml/100 g,3天后腔静脉取血制备含药血清。分离豚鼠心室肌细胞,设桂枝血清组、甘草血清组、桂枝甘草单煎液混合血清组、桂枝甘草汤同煎液血清组、对照血清组,每组5个复孔;各组以体积比分别加入10%和15%浓度含药血清,培养24 h后分别检测各组在0、20、30、40、50 mV条件下慢激活延迟整流钾电流(IKs)电流密度。HEK293细胞分组及干预方法同心室肌细胞,培养24 h后分别检测各组在0、20、30、40、50 mV条件下快激活延迟整流钾电流(IKr)尾电流密度及IKr尾电流动力学参数(包括激活半电压、斜率因子)。结果在10%浓度药物干预下,0、20、30、40、50 mV时各组IKs电流密度比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),20、30、40、50 mV时各组IKr尾电流密度比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在15%浓度药物干预下,与对照血清组比较,甘草血清组和桂枝甘草单煎液混合血清组各电压IKs电流密度均降低,桂枝血清组30、40、50 mV时IKs电流密度降低,桂枝甘草汤同煎液血清组50 mV时IKs电流密度降低(P<0.05);桂枝甘草汤同煎液血清组各电压IKr尾电流密度均降低,桂枝甘草单煎液混合血清组50 mV时IKr尾电流密度降低,甘草血清组0 mV时IKr尾电流密度升高(P<0.05)。在15%浓度药物干预下,与甘草血清组比较,桂枝甘草汤同煎液血清组30 mV时IKs电流密度升高,各电压IKr尾电流密度均降低(P<0.05);与桂枝血清组比较,桂枝甘草汤同煎液血清组30、40、50 mV时IKr尾电流密度降低(P<0.05)。与对照血清组比较,在10%药物浓度干预下,各组IKr尾电流激活半电压均减小(P<0.05);在15%药物浓度干预下,各组IKr尾电流激活半电压均减小(P<0.05),甘草血清组、桂枝血清组斜率因子减小(P<0.05)。结论桂枝甘草汤可在一定程度上抑制心室肌细胞IKs及HEK293细胞IKr,这可能是其治疗心律失常的作用机制之一,且方中桂枝和甘草配伍具有协同增效的作用。