Dust-free semidilute and concentrated polystyrene(PS)solutions in different solvents were prepared by slow evaporation and in situ anionic polymerization,which removes the effects of troublesome artifacts such as dust...Dust-free semidilute and concentrated polystyrene(PS)solutions in different solvents were prepared by slow evaporation and in situ anionic polymerization,which removes the effects of troublesome artifacts such as dust contamination and concentration gradient.The dynamics was reexamined by a combination of static and dynamic laser light scattering.In benzene and toluene(good solvents for PS),only one fast diffusive mode of polymer chains can be observed when the concentration(c)is up to 20%,which is attribut...展开更多
It is a central issue to find the slow dynamic modes of biological macromolecules via analyzing the large-scale data of molecular dynamics simulation (MD). While the MD data are high-dimensional time-successive series...It is a central issue to find the slow dynamic modes of biological macromolecules via analyzing the large-scale data of molecular dynamics simulation (MD). While the MD data are high-dimensional time-successive series involving all-atomic details and sub-picosecond time resolution, a few collective variables which characterizing the motions in longer than nanoseconds are needed to be chosen for an intuitive understanding of the dynamics of the system. The trajectory map (TM) was presented in our previous works to provide an efficient method to find the low-dimensional slow dynamic collective-motion modes from high-dimensional time series. In this paper, we present a more straight understanding about the principle of TM via the slow-mode linear space of the conformational probability distribution functions of MD trajectories and more clearly discuss the relation between the TM and the current other similar methods in finding slow modes.展开更多
There is limited information about the influence of slow or controlled release fertilizer(S/CRF) on rice yield and quality. In this study, japonica rice cultivar Nanjing 9108 was used to study the effects of three d...There is limited information about the influence of slow or controlled release fertilizer(S/CRF) on rice yield and quality. In this study, japonica rice cultivar Nanjing 9108 was used to study the effects of three different S/CRFs(polymer-coated urea(PCU), sulfur-coated urea(SCU), and urea formaldehyde(UF)) and two fertilization modes(both S/CRF and common urea(CU) as basal fertilizer, S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer) on rice yield and quality. CU only was applied separately as control(CK). Results showed that, rice grain yield, chalky kernel rate, chalky area, overall chalkiness, and the content of gliadin, glutenin, and protein, all showed the trends of UF〉PCU〉SCU within the same fertilization mode, and showed the trends of S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer〉both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer within the same type of S/CRF. In contrast, the contents of amylose, amylopectin, and starch, as well as taste value, and peak and hot viscosity showed trends of SCU〉PCU〉UF, and the trends of both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer〉S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer. Among S/CRF treatments and fertilization modes, taste values of cooked rice were positively correlated with amylose, amylopectin, and starch contents, as well as gel consistency, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, and cool viscosity, while negatively correlated with globulin, gliadin, glutenin, and protein contents. The types of S/CRF and fertilization modes are important for improving rice yield and quality. Compared to CK, higher yield and similar quality of rice was achieved with UF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer, and similar yield with improved appearance and eating and cooking quality of rice was achieved with either both UF and CU as basal fertilizer, or PCU as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer.展开更多
Abstract The authors evaluate the performance of models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5)in simulating the historical(1951-2000)modes of interannual variability in the seasonal mean Northern He...Abstract The authors evaluate the performance of models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5)in simulating the historical(1951-2000)modes of interannual variability in the seasonal mean Northern Hemisphere(NH)500 hPa geopotential height during winter(December-January-February,DJF).The analysis is done by using a variance decomposition method,which is suitable for studying patterns of interannual variability arising from intraseasonal variability and slow variability(time scales of a season or longer).Overall,compared with reanalysis data,the spatial structure and variance of the leading modes in the intraseasonal component are generally well reproduced by the CMIP5 models,with few clear differences between the models.However,there are systematic discrepancies among the models in their reproduction of the leading modes in the slow component.These modes include the dominant slow patterns,which can be seen as features of the Pacific-North American pattern,the North Atlantic Oscillation/Arctic Oscillation,and the Western Pacific pattern.An overall score is calculated to quantify how well models reproduce the three leading slow modes of variability.Ten models that reproduce the slow modes of variability relatively well are identified.展开更多
This paper studies the dispersion characteristics of a modified photonic band-gap slow-wave structure with an open boundary by simulation and experiment. A mode launcher with a wheel radiator and a coupling probe is p...This paper studies the dispersion characteristics of a modified photonic band-gap slow-wave structure with an open boundary by simulation and experiment. A mode launcher with a wheel radiator and a coupling probe is presented to excite a pure TM01-like mode. The cold test and simulation results show that the TM01-like mode is effectively excited and no parasitic modes appear. The dispersion characteristics obtained from the cold test are in good agreement with the calculated results.展开更多
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Special Grant(No.KJCX2-SW-H14)the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(Nos.20534020 and 20574065)the Hong Kong Special Administration Region(HKSAR)Earmarked Project(CUHK4025/04P,2160242)
文摘Dust-free semidilute and concentrated polystyrene(PS)solutions in different solvents were prepared by slow evaporation and in situ anionic polymerization,which removes the effects of troublesome artifacts such as dust contamination and concentration gradient.The dynamics was reexamined by a combination of static and dynamic laser light scattering.In benzene and toluene(good solvents for PS),only one fast diffusive mode of polymer chains can be observed when the concentration(c)is up to 20%,which is attribut...
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11904086).
文摘It is a central issue to find the slow dynamic modes of biological macromolecules via analyzing the large-scale data of molecular dynamics simulation (MD). While the MD data are high-dimensional time-successive series involving all-atomic details and sub-picosecond time resolution, a few collective variables which characterizing the motions in longer than nanoseconds are needed to be chosen for an intuitive understanding of the dynamics of the system. The trajectory map (TM) was presented in our previous works to provide an efficient method to find the low-dimensional slow dynamic collective-motion modes from high-dimensional time series. In this paper, we present a more straight understanding about the principle of TM via the slow-mode linear space of the conformational probability distribution functions of MD trajectories and more clearly discuss the relation between the TM and the current other similar methods in finding slow modes.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFD0300503)the Key Research Program of Jiangsu Province, China (BE2016344)+3 种基金the National Rice Industry Technology System, China (CARS01-27)the National Nature Science Foundation of China (31701350)the Program for Scientific Elitists of Yangzhou University, Chinaa Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China
文摘There is limited information about the influence of slow or controlled release fertilizer(S/CRF) on rice yield and quality. In this study, japonica rice cultivar Nanjing 9108 was used to study the effects of three different S/CRFs(polymer-coated urea(PCU), sulfur-coated urea(SCU), and urea formaldehyde(UF)) and two fertilization modes(both S/CRF and common urea(CU) as basal fertilizer, S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer) on rice yield and quality. CU only was applied separately as control(CK). Results showed that, rice grain yield, chalky kernel rate, chalky area, overall chalkiness, and the content of gliadin, glutenin, and protein, all showed the trends of UF〉PCU〉SCU within the same fertilization mode, and showed the trends of S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer〉both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer within the same type of S/CRF. In contrast, the contents of amylose, amylopectin, and starch, as well as taste value, and peak and hot viscosity showed trends of SCU〉PCU〉UF, and the trends of both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer〉S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer. Among S/CRF treatments and fertilization modes, taste values of cooked rice were positively correlated with amylose, amylopectin, and starch contents, as well as gel consistency, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, and cool viscosity, while negatively correlated with globulin, gliadin, glutenin, and protein contents. The types of S/CRF and fertilization modes are important for improving rice yield and quality. Compared to CK, higher yield and similar quality of rice was achieved with UF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer, and similar yield with improved appearance and eating and cooking quality of rice was achieved with either both UF and CU as basal fertilizer, or PCU as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2010CB951604 and 2012CB956203)the National Science and Technology Support Program of China(Grant No.2013BAB50B00)+1 种基金the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(Grant No.2012BAC22B04)the R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry(Meteorology)(Grant No.GYHY201006023)
文摘Abstract The authors evaluate the performance of models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5)in simulating the historical(1951-2000)modes of interannual variability in the seasonal mean Northern Hemisphere(NH)500 hPa geopotential height during winter(December-January-February,DJF).The analysis is done by using a variance decomposition method,which is suitable for studying patterns of interannual variability arising from intraseasonal variability and slow variability(time scales of a season or longer).Overall,compared with reanalysis data,the spatial structure and variance of the leading modes in the intraseasonal component are generally well reproduced by the CMIP5 models,with few clear differences between the models.However,there are systematic discrepancies among the models in their reproduction of the leading modes in the slow component.These modes include the dominant slow patterns,which can be seen as features of the Pacific-North American pattern,the North Atlantic Oscillation/Arctic Oscillation,and the Western Pacific pattern.An overall score is calculated to quantify how well models reproduce the three leading slow modes of variability.Ten models that reproduce the slow modes of variability relatively well are identified.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10975036 and 61071018)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation,China (Grant No. 2010GXNSFB013049)
文摘This paper studies the dispersion characteristics of a modified photonic band-gap slow-wave structure with an open boundary by simulation and experiment. A mode launcher with a wheel radiator and a coupling probe is presented to excite a pure TM01-like mode. The cold test and simulation results show that the TM01-like mode is effectively excited and no parasitic modes appear. The dispersion characteristics obtained from the cold test are in good agreement with the calculated results.