Background Right bundle branch block （RBBB） may present as slurred or notched S wave in lead V1. However, slurred or notched S wave may also represent slow conduction in the myocardium. Methods We retrospectively an...Background Right bundle branch block （RBBB） may present as slurred or notched S wave in lead V1. However, slurred or notched S wave may also represent slow conduction in the myocardium. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the QRS patterns in leads VgR to V5R in 7 patients with a slurred or notched S wave in lead V1. Results In the leads V3R to VSR, 6 patients showed incomplete or complete RBBB and 1 patient slurred or notched S wave. Conclusions In the majority of ECGs in a small patient series with slurred or notched S wave in lead V1, QRS morphology indicating incomplete or complete RBBB was present in leads V3R to VSR. A finding of fragmented QRS in these leads may indicate slow conduction in the myocardium.展开更多
Heart state information and neural control expounded by multiple parameters are useful for early diagnosis of heart diseases. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effectiveness of multiple parameters for ...Heart state information and neural control expounded by multiple parameters are useful for early diagnosis of heart diseases. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effectiveness of multiple parameters for express heart state variation and neural control. We have studied three kinds of parameters global, local and dynamic ones with different confirmation method to extract concealed physiological and pathological heart information with animal models. Pathological notch on QRS complex of electrocardiogram (ECG) is defined as a local parameter which is one of the high frequency components (HFCs). The poincare dispersed dot plot (PDDP) is defined as a nonlinear global parameter. Pathological notching information on the QRS complex is related to myocardial injuries. We have been working on man made myocardial infarction models to simulate cardiac abnormalities. Thirty eight percent (38%) formalin was used to produce acute myocardial injury and several branches of coronary anterior descending branch near apex and part of blunt edge branch were ligatured for creating chronic pathological changes in order to form small injurious areas at left ventricular side wall. And we found that both myocardial injury approaches could produce good idiosyncratic relationship between injury area model and man made pathological condition. A large number of repetitive experiments of animal model indicated that the thresholds of pathological notching are about 84 μV in amplitude and 3.8 ms in width. The PDDP was a good parameter of heart nonlinear state and heart rate variability (HRV). It has thresholds of about 26000 ms 2 in area and 420 ms in long axis for human being and 600 ms 2 in area and 85 ms in long axis for dogs. Both parameters exhibit sensitive and early response to heart states pathological variation and also have dynamic characteristics.展开更多
National slur is a linguistic form expressing unequal treatment of one ethnic group by another.It is the direct result of national xenophobia,which is usually formed through semantic degradation by giving nicknames or...National slur is a linguistic form expressing unequal treatment of one ethnic group by another.It is the direct result of national xenophobia,which is usually formed through semantic degradation by giving nicknames or derogatory terms and making proverbs.The associative meaning of a nation-specific word is often rendered to give insult to this ethnic group in confrontation or opposition with the nation in dominance of their shared language.This paper revolves around the formation,application,cultural connotation,and the proper understanding of national slurs on Dutch.After a thorough analysis of national slurs on Dutch as well as a careful induction and deduction about words of offensive nationality concerning "Dutch",the perjoration of word meaning in Dutch expressions can be clearly pictured in this paper.Thus,the national slurs on Dutch can reveal itself more profoundly.Born the cultural awareness of national slur in mind under such a pretext,special attention can be adequately given in understanding and conveying the cultural connotation of Dutch expressions.Therefore,the study of national slurs on Dutch will effectively facilitate cultural communication.展开更多
文摘Background Right bundle branch block （RBBB） may present as slurred or notched S wave in lead V1. However, slurred or notched S wave may also represent slow conduction in the myocardium. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the QRS patterns in leads VgR to V5R in 7 patients with a slurred or notched S wave in lead V1. Results In the leads V3R to VSR, 6 patients showed incomplete or complete RBBB and 1 patient slurred or notched S wave. Conclusions In the majority of ECGs in a small patient series with slurred or notched S wave in lead V1, QRS morphology indicating incomplete or complete RBBB was present in leads V3R to VSR. A finding of fragmented QRS in these leads may indicate slow conduction in the myocardium.
基金The Project is sponsored in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 3 9970 2 0 53 92 70 1843 870 613 )
文摘Heart state information and neural control expounded by multiple parameters are useful for early diagnosis of heart diseases. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effectiveness of multiple parameters for express heart state variation and neural control. We have studied three kinds of parameters global, local and dynamic ones with different confirmation method to extract concealed physiological and pathological heart information with animal models. Pathological notch on QRS complex of electrocardiogram (ECG) is defined as a local parameter which is one of the high frequency components (HFCs). The poincare dispersed dot plot (PDDP) is defined as a nonlinear global parameter. Pathological notching information on the QRS complex is related to myocardial injuries. We have been working on man made myocardial infarction models to simulate cardiac abnormalities. Thirty eight percent (38%) formalin was used to produce acute myocardial injury and several branches of coronary anterior descending branch near apex and part of blunt edge branch were ligatured for creating chronic pathological changes in order to form small injurious areas at left ventricular side wall. And we found that both myocardial injury approaches could produce good idiosyncratic relationship between injury area model and man made pathological condition. A large number of repetitive experiments of animal model indicated that the thresholds of pathological notching are about 84 μV in amplitude and 3.8 ms in width. The PDDP was a good parameter of heart nonlinear state and heart rate variability (HRV). It has thresholds of about 26000 ms 2 in area and 420 ms in long axis for human being and 600 ms 2 in area and 85 ms in long axis for dogs. Both parameters exhibit sensitive and early response to heart states pathological variation and also have dynamic characteristics.
文摘National slur is a linguistic form expressing unequal treatment of one ethnic group by another.It is the direct result of national xenophobia,which is usually formed through semantic degradation by giving nicknames or derogatory terms and making proverbs.The associative meaning of a nation-specific word is often rendered to give insult to this ethnic group in confrontation or opposition with the nation in dominance of their shared language.This paper revolves around the formation,application,cultural connotation,and the proper understanding of national slurs on Dutch.After a thorough analysis of national slurs on Dutch as well as a careful induction and deduction about words of offensive nationality concerning "Dutch",the perjoration of word meaning in Dutch expressions can be clearly pictured in this paper.Thus,the national slurs on Dutch can reveal itself more profoundly.Born the cultural awareness of national slur in mind under such a pretext,special attention can be adequately given in understanding and conveying the cultural connotation of Dutch expressions.Therefore,the study of national slurs on Dutch will effectively facilitate cultural communication.
