Waste Mg alloys hydrogen production from seawater:An integrative overview of medium optimization,hydrogen-producing materials,underlying mechanisms,innovative technologies,and device development

In response to global carbon neutrality targets,there is an urgent need for large-scale,clean hydrogen production technologies to supplant fossil fuels and underpin the establishment of a‘hydrogen economy’.The prospect of large-scale on-site green hydrolysis of Mg-based materials for hydrogen production has attracted wide attention.Aiming at the problems of easy formation of inert oxide layer on its surface and the production of Mg(OH)_(2) to hinder the hydrolysis process,it is urgent to explore efficient,low-cost and green modification strategies.In this work,the green modification strategy for hydrolyzing hydrogen production of Mg-based materials was summarized,and the fast initial kinetics and high hydrogen production rate could be achieved by adjusting hydrolysis medium conditions and modifying Mg-based material.The significance of hydrolytic hydrogen production technology and device development for the realization of Mg-based hydrolytic hydrogen production was evaluated.Meanwhile,this work looks forward to the future direction of hydrogen production modification by hydrolysis of Mg-based alloy,and gradually optimizes the hydrolysis performance of industrial multi-component waste Mg alloy under the premise of green hydrogen production,and proposes the goal of efficient modification of waste Mg alloy,high-quality utilization of seawater,and low-cost and controllable hydrogen production process.

Prospects for green steelmaking technology with low carbon emissions in China

The steel industry is a major source of CO_(2) emissions,and thus,the mitigation of carbon emissions is the most pressing challenge in this sector.In this paper,international environmental governance in the steel industry is reviewed,and the current state of development of low-carbon technologies is discussed.Additionally,low-carbon pathways for the steel industry at the current time are proposed,emphasizing prevention and treatment strategies.Furthermore,the prospects of low-carbon technologies are explored from the perspective of transitioning the energy structure to a“carbon-electricity-hydrogen”relationship.Overall,steel enterprises should adopt hydrogen-rich metallurgical technologies that are compatible with current needs and process flows in the short term,based on the carbon substitution with hydrogen(prevention)and the CCU(CO_(2) capture and utilization)concepts(treatment).Additionally,the capture and utilization of CO_(2) for steelmaking,which can assist in achieving short-term emission reduction targets but is not a long-term solution,is discussed.In conclusion,in the long term,the carbon metallurgical process should be gradually supplanted by a hydrogen-electric synergistic approach,thus transforming the energy structure of existing steelmaking processes and attaining near-zero carbon emission steelmaking technology.

Research Development of Control Technology of Hydrogen Sulfide in Biogas Slurry

In order to provide help for the accurate application of biogas slurry in the field, the application of biogas slurry and control technology of hydrogen sulfide in biogas slurry were reviewed. Results of recent researches suggested that source control and end-treatment were the two measures to remove hydrogen sulfide in biogas slurry, including physical method, chemical method and biological method. Some conventional deodorizing methods were introduced and compared.

Advances in the production technology of hydrogen peroxide

This article mainly summarizes various aspects of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)production through the anthraquinone route,including hydrogenation catalysts,working solution,regeneration technique,hydrogenation reactors,and environmental protection.The advances and breakthrough of SINOPEC in the production of H2O2 through the anthraquinone route is presented in this review,highlighting recent innovative technology on these aspects developed independently.The technical prospect and scientific challenges associated with the direct synthesis method from hydrogen and oxygen are also briefly discussed.

Hydrogen Production Technologies Overview

Hydrogen energy became the most significant energy as the current demand gradually starts to increase. Hydrogen energy is an important key solution to tackle the global temperature rise. The key important factor of hydrogen production is the hydrogen economy. Hydrogen production technologies are commercially available, while some of these technologies are still under development. This paper reviews the hydrogen production technologies from both fossil and non-fossil fuels such as (steam reforming, partial oxidation, auto thermal, pyrolysis, and plasma technology). Additionally, water electrolysis technology was reviewed. Water electrolysis can be combined with the renewable energy to get eco-friendly technology. Currently, the maximum hydrogen fuel productions were registered from the steam reforming, gasification, and partial oxidation technologies using fossil fuels. These technologies have different challenges such as the total energy consumption and carbon emissions to the environment are still too high. A novel non-fossil fuel method [ammonia NH3] for hydrogen production using plasma technology was reviewed. Ammonia decomposition using plasma technology without and with a catalyst to produce pure hydrogen was considered as compared case studies. It was showed that the efficiency of ammonia decomposition using the catalyst was higher than ammonia decomposition without the catalyst. The maximum hydrogen energy efficiency obtained from the developed ammonia decomposition system was 28.3% with a hydrogen purity of 99.99%. The development of ammonia decomposition processes is continues for hydrogen production, and it will likely become commercial and be used as a pure hydrogen energy source.

Strategies for Sustainable Production of Hydrogen Peroxide via Oxygen Reduction Reaction:From Catalyst Design to Device Setup

An environmentally benign,sustainable,and cost-effective supply of H_(2)O_(2)as a rapidly expanding consumption raw material is highly desired for chemical industries,medical treatment,and household disinfection.The electrocatalytic production route via electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)offers a sustainable avenue for the onsite production of H_(2)O_(2)from O2 and H2O.The most crucial and innovative part of such technology lies in the availability of suitable electrocatalysts that promote two-electron(2e^(–))ORR.In recent years,tremendous progress has been achieved in designing efficient,robust,and cost-effective catalyst materials,including noble metals and their alloys,metalfree carbon-based materials,single-atom catalysts,and molecular catalysts.Meanwhile,innovative cell designs have significantly advanced electrochemical applications at the industrial level.This review summarizes fundamental basics and recent advances in H_(2)O_(2)production via 2e^(–)-ORR,including catalyst design,mechanistic explorations,theoretical computations,experimental evaluations,and electrochemical cell designs.Perspectives on addressing remaining challenges are also presented with an emphasis on the large-scale synthesis of H_(2)O_(2)via the electrochemical route.

Comparing of Hydrogen On-Board Storage by the Largest Car Companies, Relevance to Prospects for More Efficient Technologies

It presented a comparative consideration of General Motors long-term activities on the current subject of fuel-cell-powered electric vehicles vs Toyota Mirai recent results, relevant to prospects on more efficient and safe technologies of the hydrogen on-board storage. It also presented a call on the project International cooperation. The main aim of this paper is to attract attention of General Motors, Toyota and/or other large car companies to a real possibility of developing and using, in the nearest future, of the break-through hydrogen on-board storage technology based on the solid H2 intercalation into graphite nanostructures.

温和条件下甲烷提高水合物储氢稳定特性机理

CH_(4)作为促进剂可大幅降低水合物储氢苛刻的热力学条件并提高H_(2)水合物的总储能密度,但目前对CH_(4)提升水合物储氢机理的认识较为缺乏。为此,通过分子动力学模拟研究并建立了CH_(4)/H_(2)双客体分子水合物模型,采用径向分布函数、构象分析和均方位移等方法综合分析了不同温度和压力下水合物结构的稳定性,探究了H_(2)占据孔穴位置、占据比例和水合物热力学稳定性之间的关联,揭示了温和条件下CH_(4)促进水合物储氢的微观机理。研究结果表明:(1)纯H_(2)水合物在严苛条件下笼型结构破损严重,而纯CH_(4)水合物在263~273 K及5~20 MPa温压条件下能稳定存在,说明CH_(4)水合物具备良好的热力学稳定性;(2) 263 K下储氢结构更为稳定,而5^(12)小笼可填充1~2个H_(2)分子,5^(12)6~2大笼中最佳储存3个H_(2)分子,且大笼储氢结构对水合物稳定性影响大,受温度的影响更为敏感。结论认为,CH_(4)/H_(2)水合物储氢体系3L+2S、3L+2L、2S+2S体系在263 K、15~20 MPa温和条件下综合性能较好,其中3L+2S具备最优的热力学稳定性,储氢密度可达0.301%(质量百分比),该研究成果可为水合物储氢技术开发提供理论指导和技术参考。

“双碳”目标下氢能产业技术发展分析

氢能作为清洁、高效的能源,对于实现全球能源转型和碳中和目标至关重要.随着全球能源需求增长和气候变暖挑战,世界各国都在积极推动能源绿色转型.氢能不仅可替代部分化石燃料,还是可再生能源的有效补充.近年来,全球能源领域正在经历绿色转型,氢能产业得到长足发展,其在交通、储能、工业等方面应用范围得到显著增长.从分析氢能产业技术入手,总结国内外氢能产业发展现状,梳理目前氢能产业面临的问题,展望氢能产业未来发展方向,全面阐述氢能链发展进展.未来,氢能预计将成为全球能源转型和实现气候目标的关键力量,促进清洁能源应用,为经济带来新增长点,对缓解气候变暖和提升能源安全具有重要意义.

基于专利数据的全球氢能产业技术创新态势分析与我国发展对策研究

氢作为一种高效清洁的能源和理想的能源转化媒介,可以广泛应用于工业、交通、电力等领域,助力能源绿色低碳转型。本文基于专利信息分析,面向氢能技术开展创新态势研究,为今后氢能领域的专利研究和产业规划提供参考依据。研究发现,全球氢能技术创新处于持续活跃的时期,中国在其中发挥着越来越重要的作用,但是创新主体中心化明显。进一步通过技术构成、相对技术优势指数、技术领域发展速率指数等研究方法比较氢能技术创新态势,在此基础上提出我国加快氢能产业链全面布局规划,强化企业创新主体地位,推进氢能产业规模化发展的建议。

激光制造抗氢脆技术的研究进展及发展趋势

氢的密度和体积相对较小,易透过金属表面进入原子晶格。聚集在材料缺陷处的氢原子可再次结合成氢分子,而氢分子的聚集可产生巨大氢压,进而形成氢致裂纹,出现氢脆现象,阻碍各类金属材料在氢能储运中的广泛应用,危害服役件安全。抗氢脆是材料工程领域的重大课题之一,激光制造技术在抗氢脆方面已展现出一定应用潜力。对多种激光制造技术如激光喷丸强化、激光表面硬化、激光熔覆、激光表面熔化、选择性激光熔化、激光焊接、激光表面退火等在抗氢脆制造中的应用情况进行了综述,重点分析这些技术在富氢环境中如何影响材料的微观结构和机械性能,讨论其在应用中的挑战和瓶颈,并展望其在提高金属材料抗氢脆能力方面的发展趋势。

氢化改性钒基催化剂降解氯苯的机理研究

为了在低温下高效、稳定地降解挥发性氯代有机污染物(CVOCs),以偏钒酸铵为VO_(x)前驱体制备2D纳米片与3D纳米结构的互穿多孔网络结构的L-V_(2)O_(5)催化剂,并通过氢化技术对催化剂中部分V^(5+)进行还原(H-V_(2)O_(5))。结果表明,该氢化技术降低了催化剂中部分V^(5+)的化学价态,增加了V—O(Ⅱ)和V—O(Ⅳ)上的氧空位数量和催化剂表面活性氧数量。在275℃时,相较于L-V_(2)O_(5),H-V_(2)O_(5)对氯苯催化降解的效率提高了约40%。

基于声发射和DIC的金属材料氢脆性能测试实验

该实验针对天然气掺氢管道混输过程中产生的临氢金属氢脆问题,以X80管线钢为对象,采用声发射与数字图像相关(DIC)技术相结合的方法实现氢脆性能的动态测试。实验设计为对材料进行充氢后拉伸,采用电化学充氢法充氢,并设置4种不同充氢时间。拉伸过程中通过DIC技术测量并计算静态氢脆性能参数和氢脆敏感系数,同时利用等效应变云图和声发射计数峰值时域分布的变化规律作为氢脆性能的动态参量,进而建立一套完整的金属氢脆性能动态测试系统。该实验适合作为学生研究型教学实验,有助于培养学生的科研能力和创新意识。

流固耦合作用对地下储氢库储盖层岩石微观力学性质的影响

枯竭油气藏型地下储氢库被公认为最具前景的大规模储氢方式。长期储氢过程中的流固耦合作用是影响地层长期稳定性和评估储氢效果的重要因素。利用纳米压痕技术探究气体介质和含水特征的差异对不同岩石微观力学性质的影响,进而评估最佳储氢工况。陆相页岩具有比杂砂岩和长石砂岩更强的硬度和更高的弹性模量,流固耦合作用能够显著提高储层岩石的结构稳定性,但是过大的反应强度也增加了氢损失。水及其中的氢离子和弱酸性阴离子是氢气与岩石发生反应的重要介质,有利于提高反应强度。甲烷可以附着在黏土、长石等矿物的颗粒和孔隙表面,减少与无机矿物接触并发生反应的氢气含量,使得反应更加复杂。综合考虑流固耦合作用对地层稳定性的影响和长期储氢过程中的氢气损耗,地层含水饱和度较低且具有甲烷作为垫层气的枯竭气藏可能是一种较为理想的大规模地下储氢构造。研究结果有助于筛选最优储氢工况,为枯竭油气藏型储氢库的选址和建设提供参考。

基于动态主题网络的新兴技术主题识别——以氢燃料电池领域为例

[研究目的]新兴技术代表着未来的技术发展方向,是抢占科技前沿制高点必须把握的关键技术,准确识别新兴技术对国家发展具有重要战略意义。[研究方法]综合专利文本信息和分类信息,构建SBERT-LDA-IPC模型,识别各时间段的技术主题;根据主题相似度矩阵绘制动态主题网络,识别具有创新性和连续性的主题为候选主题,评估候选主题的新颖性和影响力,确定新兴技术主题;以氢燃料电池领域为例进行实证检验。[研究结论]研究表明,SBERT-LDA-IPC模型提高了主题聚类的连贯性和准确性,结合国家在氢燃料电池产业发布的系列政策作为验证依据,识别出的三个新兴技术主题,与国家政策制定和产业发展方向一致。

颠覆性能源技术赋能新质生产力的逻辑机理与作用路径

面向新一轮科技革命和产业革命,颠覆性能源技术在新质生产力的培育形成和现代产业体系的构建过程中发挥着核心动力作用。同时,面向碳达峰碳中和的国际环境和日益激烈的国际竞争,我国要实现从能源大国到能源强国的转变,以及新旧能源的有序衔接,关键在于颠覆性能源技术的培育、形成和效用发挥,但如何科学地认知颠覆性能源技术,其赋能新质生产力的逻辑机理和作用路径有待进一步探究。因此,本文从颠覆性能源技术的内涵、外延出发,梳理了颠覆性能源技术与新质生产力的相关文献,提炼了颠覆性能源技术的特性与模式,进一步结合新质生产力的培育形成过程,从颠覆性能源技术推动能源结构优化、产业结构深度转型升级、生产要素优化组合三方面赋能新质生产力的全过程厘清了颠覆性能源技术赋能新质生产力的逻辑机理,提出了颠覆性能源技术与新质生产力之间的赋能闭环。在此基础上,结合能源行业发展现状与未来趋势,进一步选取大规模绿电绿氢、CCUS、可控核聚变三类颠覆性能源技术探讨了其赋能新质生产力的作用路径,验证了二者赋能的逻辑机理。通过颠覆性能源技术赋能新质生产力的机制研究和实例验证探讨了二者赋能的逻辑机理与作用路径,可为颠覆性能源技术的产出和新质生产力的培育形成提供参考借鉴。

液氢储运技术发展现状与展望

液氢具有储运密度大、能量密度高的特点,应用前景广阔,受限于液氢的物理特性,低温储运技术制约了液氢大规模应用。该文对当前国内外固定及移动式液氢储存设备进行调研,针对目前所面临的技术难点,从储氢材料、低温绝热、热力特性、配套设备、标准体系等方面总结液氢储运环节的关键技术,分析液氢储运现状与发展趋势,提出未来液氢储运技术重点发展方向,能有力促进中国高性能液氢储运设备研发,保障未来液氢规模化安全使用。

“双碳”视域下氢燃料电池汽车储氢技术现状及发展方向

车载储氢技术是开发高效、安全、低成本氢燃料电池汽车的关键,而储氢材料是研究的重点之一,也是氢的储存和输送过程中的重要组成部分。综述了已采用或正在研究的储氢技术,金属储氢、高压气态储氢、液态储氢和复合储氢等,比较了各种储氢技术的优缺点并指出了车载储氢技术的发展方向。

我国苯乙烯合成技术研究进展

苯乙烯是一种重要的有机化工产品,广泛应用于合成树脂和合成橡胶等领域。文章介绍了我国CO_(2)氧化乙苯脱氢、苯乙炔选择性加氢、甲苯和甲醇侧链烷基化等合成苯乙烯技术的研究进展,并提出了今后的发展建议。

氢能储存技术研究进展及安全保障建议

在氢能全产业链中,安全高效的氢能储运技术是支撑产业高质量发展的关键,也是制约氢能大规模应用的主要技术瓶颈之一。综述了氢能储存技术中高压气态储氢、低温液态储氢、有机液体储氢、固态储氢等技术的发展现状,并结合氢能储存技术的差异,剖析了各项技术面临的主要安全风险,进而针对性地从设计、材料、操作、管理等多个层面,提出了不同氢能储存技术安全发展保障建议,为我国氢能产业安全高质量发展提供参考。