Possible therapeutic role of short-chain fatty acids from skin commensal bacteria in UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis

Solar ultraviolet B(UVB)radiation is a major skin cancer-causing agent.Initiation,promotion,and progression are the diverse phases of UVB-induced carcinogenesis.Exposure to UVB causes abnormalities in a series of biochemical and molecular pathways:thymine dimer formation,DNA damage,oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,and altered cell signaling,eventually resulting in tumor formation.The increased skin cancer rates urge researchers to develop more efficient drugs,but synthetic chemotherapeutic drugs have more contrary effects and drug resistance issues,which have been reported recently.The current review focuses on the relationship between microbes and cancer.Human skin acts as a barrier against the external environment and serves as a protective shield for its inhabitant microbiota,collectively called skin microbes.The gut microbiome plays a vital role in cancer therapy.Production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)such as butyrate,acetate,and propionate by intestinal microbes has anti-cancer properties against various cancer cell lines.Yet,the knowledge of SCFAs produced by skin microbes remains yet to be elucidated exhaustively.In this review,we strive to summarize the findings of studies performed to date regarding the anti-cancer properties of SCFA against various cancer cell lines and provide insight into future directions in the skin microbiome field.

Small ruminant value chain in Al-Ruwaished District,Jordan

This study aims to assess the small ruminant value chain in Al-Ruwaished District,Jordan,to identify the potential intervention areas that could improve the production efficiency and guarantee the sustainability of the small ruminant sector in this area.Sheep breeding is the source of livelihood for most of the people in Al-Ruwaished District,which is characterized by the large number of sheep and goats.We surveyed 5.0% of the small ruminant holders in the study area and conducted individual interviews and surveys with the potential actors in the value chain to undertake a small ruminant value chain analysis.From the survey,we found that the small ruminant value chain consists of five core functions,namely,input supply,production management,marketing,processing,and consumption.Despite the stable impression given by the large number of holdings in the small ruminant sector,the surveyed results show a clear fragility in the value chain of small ruminants in this area.The small ruminant production system is negatively impacted by climate change,especially continuous drought.In addition,the high prices of feed that the farmer cannot afford with clear and real absence of the governmental and non-governmental support activities also impact the development of the value chain.The results of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(SWOT)analysis reveal that the major constraints faced by this value chain could be divided into external and internal threats.Specifically,the most prominent external threats are the nature of the desert land and continuous drought,while the major internal threats are the absence of appropriate infrastructure,shortage of inputs,and weakness in the production management and marketing.We proposed solutions to these challenges to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of the sector,such as the formulation of emergency response plans to severe weather,qualifying farmers’skills,and establishment of agricultural cooperative societies.

Influence of longwall mining on the stability of gas wells in chain pillars

Longwall mining has a significant influence on gas wells located within longwall chain pillars.Subsurface subsidence and abutment pressure induced by longwall mining can cause excessive stresses and deformations in gas well casings.If the gas well casings are compromised or ruptured,natural gas could migrate into the mine workings,potentially causing a fire or explosion.By the current safety regulations,the gas wells in the chain pillars have to be either plugged or protected by adequate coal pillars.The current regulations for gas well pillar design are based on the 1957 Pennsylvania gas well pillar study.The study provided guidelines for gas well pillars by considering their support area and overburden depth as well as the location of the gas wells within the pillars.As the guidelines were developed for room-andpillar mining under shallow cover,they are no longer applicable to modern longwall coal mining,particularly,under deep cover.Gas well casing of failures have occurred even though the chain pillars for the gas wells met the requirements by the 1957 study.This study,conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH),presents seven cases of conventional gas wells penetrating through longwall chain pillars in the Pittsburgh Coal Seam.The study results indicate that overburden depth and pillar size are not the only determining factors for gas well stability.The other important factors include subsurface ground movement,overburden geology,weak floor,as well as the type of the construction of gas wells.Numerical modeling was used to model abutment pressure,subsurface deformations,and the response of gas well casings.The study demonstrated that numerical models are able to predict with reasonable accuracy the subsurface deformations in the overburden above,within,and below the chain pillars,and the potential location and modes of gas well failures,thereby providing a more quantifiable approach to assess the stability of the gas wells in longwall chain pillars.

Service Function Chain in Small Satellite-Based Software Defined Satellite Networks

Software Defined Satellite Networks(SDSN) are proposed to solve the problems in traditional satellite networks, such as time-consuming configuration and inflexible traffic scheduling. The emerging application of small satellite and research of SDSN make it possible for satellite networks to provide flexible network services. Service Function Chain(SFC) can satisfy this need. In this paper, we are motivated to investigate applying SFC in the small satellite-based SDSN for service delivery. We introduce the structure of the multi-layer constellation-based SDSN. Then, we describe two deployment patterns of SFC in SDSN, the Multi-Domain(MD) pattern and the Satellite Formation(SF) pattern. We propose two algorithms, SFP-MD, and SFP-SF, to calculate the Service Function Path(SFP). We implement the algorithms and conduct contrast experiments in our prototype. Finally, we summarize the applicable conditions of two deployment patterns according to the experimental results in terms of hops, delay, and packet loss rate.

Isomeric Fluorene-based Heteroundecenes with Different Side Chains Anchoring Positions for Small Molecule Acceptors

Two isomeric fluorene-based heteroundecenes of bis(thienocyclopenthieno[3,2-b]thieno)fluorene(BT2T-F)and bis(dithieno[3,2-b:2’,3’-d]thiophene)cyclopentafluorene(B3T-F)have been designed and synthesized.The side chains of 4-hexylphenyl anchor on the 5th and 8th positions in B3T-F while on the 4th and 9th positions in BT2T-F,in which the former is closer to the center of the fused ring.The corresponding acceptor-donor-acceptor(A-D-A)type small molecule acceptors(SMAs)of BT2T-FIC and B3T-FIC were prepared by linking BT2T-F and B3T-F as fused ring donor units with the acceptor unit of 2-(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile(IC-2F),respectively.B3T-FIC presents a superior crystallinity with intense face-on π-π stacking in its neat film while BT2T-FIC is more disordered.When blended with PBDB-T-2Cl as a polymer donor,the optimized PBDB-T-2Cl:BT2T-FIC device exhibits an averaged power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 10.56%while only 7.53%in the PBDB-T-2Cl:B3T-FIC device.The improved short-circuit current(J_(sc))and fill factor(FF)of the PBDB-T-2Cl:BT2T-FIC device are the main contribution of its higher performance,which is attributed to its more efficient and balanced charge transport and better carrier recombination suppression.Given that BT2T-FIC blend and B3T-FIC blend films both take a preferential face-on orientatedπ-πstacking with comparable distances,the suitable SMA domain size obtained in the BT2T-FIC blend could account for its more efficient photovoltaic performance.These results highlight the importance of side-chain strategy in developing efficient SMAs with huge fused ring cores.

Construction of industrial ecological chain for characteristic small town:A case study of VR Town at Gui-An New District

As the rapid development of the national small characteristic town,some problems began to show through.For example,the spatial structure is not reasonable,the industrial is not harmonious,and the industrial cluster is not obvious and so on.In order to solve these uncoordinated problems and arrange industrial structure properly,to build the industrial ecologic chain construction according to local conditions appears to be critical.Therefore,constructing industrial ecological chain is of importance in academic aspect and practical significance to sustainable development.According to the theory of industrial ecology,this article researches on industrial ecological chain construction of Gui-An New District's VR town.Otherwise,with the principles of vertical supply-demand chain,horizontal collaboration chain,energy utilization chain,material circulation chain and water cycle chain,on the basis of five elements including public environment,service bake up,demand-supply collaboration,management system in a cloud and resource reuse,this paper put forward the industrial ecological chain model of VR town in Gui-An New District and analyze each links detailedly.The purpose is to explore and analyze the industrial ecological chain construction of VR town in Gui-An New District to abundant domestic related theory about small town and play a certain reference significance on other new-type of characteristic urbanization in mountainous region.

Structure influence of alkyl chains of thienothiophene-porphyrins on the performance of organic solar cells

Two new A-D-A porphyrin derivatives,denoted as XLP-I and XLP-II,were prepared through extending theπ-conjugation of thienothiophene-porphyrin center with phenylethynyl bridges and electron-deficient ethylrhodanine terminal units,and varying the structures of alkyl chain(linear vs branched)on peripheral thienothiophene substitutions of porphyrin rings.Both molecules show strong absorption in UV–visible–near-infrared region,good thermal stability,suitable energy levels,and ordered molecular packing in solid state.In organic solar cells,PC71BM was used as electron acceptor,and porphyrin small molecules were used as electron donors.The device based on XLP-I exhibits a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 8.30%,an open circuit voltage(Voc)of 0.894 eV,and a fill factor(FF)of 62.1%.In contrast,the device based on XLP-II presents an inferior performance with a PCE of 3.14%,a Voc of 0.847 eV,and a FF of 49.3%.The better performance of XLP-I based device is mainly attributed to its optimized film morphology,excellent absorption,and well-balanced charge transport properties.

SMALL ANGLE LIGHT SCATTERING MEASUREMENT OF THE ISOTROPIC TO NEMATIC TRANSITION OF A SIDE CHAIN NEMATIC POLYMETHACRYLATE

The kinetics of I-->N transition of a side chain nematic polymethacrylate has been studied by small angle depolarized light scattering intensity measurements using a charge coupled device linear image sensor. The polymer shows the transition temperatures K52N79I in degreesC, The H-v scattering intensity T(q,t) during the transition I (at 80.2degreesC)-->N (at 75.8degreesC) shows that T(q) is independent of q for all t, and during the initial stage (in 6 s) T(t) increases exponentially with t. In the later stage of the transition T(t) approaches a saturation value in 2 min. This experimental result indicates that the I-->N transition of a liquid crystalline polymer is a spinodal type of phase transition mediated by orientation fluctuation.

THE RELATION BETWEEN THE CHAIN PILLAR WIDTH AND THE SURROUNDING ROCK DEFORMATION OF ROADWAY

Based on the analysis and research into ground pressure behavior law and surrounding rock deformation of a large number of roadways affected by mining activity,this paper proposed a relation between the surrounding rock deformation during mining ,the surrounding rock deformation rate during stable stage of mining and the chain pillar width. Moreover,it established the relation between the total amount of surrounding rock deformation during service period of roadway and the chain pillar width,which provides a principal basis for choosing the chain pillar width.

Development of Coffee Value Chain for Value Added in Small Scale of Farmer

This study is development of the coffee value chain in small scale of farmers on highland in the upper northern region of Thailand with case study of Pamieng community,Muangpan District,Lampang Province,Thailand.The objective is the use of the value chain model for the value added of product(coffee).The results from objective to conduct in the value chain of Pamiang’s coffee bring economic benefits and community based environmental benefits and also show the cost and return of coffee production in the value chain of Pamieng’s coffee which found that the farmers have a way to reduce costs in order to increase returns.The most coffee growing is on highland,therefore it is very important to take care of the entire value chain to deliver the highest value to society and customers.

Silencing invariant chain of DCs enhances Th1 response using small interfering RNA

RNA interference(RNAi),which causes the degradation of any RNA in a sequence specific manner,is a posttranscriptional gene silencing mechanism.Targeting the invariant chain(Ii)in DCs has been used as an approach to enhance antitumor immunity.It is demonstrated in this article that transfection of H-2(K)DCs with siRNA specific for Ii gene can significantly knock down Ii.When exposed to TNF-alpha,immature DCs transfected with Ii siRNA can differentiate into mature DCs without reducing viability or IL-12p70 production.Ii siRNA-treated H-2(K)DCs exhibited an increased allostimulatory capacity in a lymphocyte proliferation assay.Furthermore,Ii siRNA-transfected H-2(K)DCs enhanced Th1 responses by increasing IFN-gamma and decreasing IL-4 production,and much stronger cytotoxic activity was observed when DCs were co-transfected with Ii siRNA and an endogenous tumor antigen in vitro.Our findings indicate that silencing the Ii gene in DCs with siRNA may offer a potential approach to enhancing antitumor immunotherapy.

INVESTIGATION ON THE CONFORMATION OF THE MAIN-CHAIN NEMATIC POLYMER BY SMALL ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING

The experimental investigation on the conformation of a thermotropic main-chain nematic polymer by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has been carried out. The average radius of gyration of the polymer has been determined in nematic and isotropic state respectively. The experiment shows that the boundary between domains is not sharp but diffuse, and the diffuse-boundary thickness of the polymer as a function of temperature has been given.

特厚煤层小煤柱沿空掘巷支护技术研究

小煤柱沿空掘巷过程中易出现巷道围岩变形大、局部鼓出等现象,针对这一问题,采用理论分析、数值模拟、工程类比的方法,对巷道基本顶破断方式进行了判断,并采用数值模拟分析不同宽度下煤柱的应力及位移变化规律,初步确定了煤柱留设宽度为8 m;对比邻近矿井的沿空掘巷案例,采用工程类比法最终确定了煤柱宽度,并对巷道支护方案进行设计,现场应用效果良好。

可持续供应链管理对中小制造企业朴素式创新的影响研究

基于可持续供应链管理视角,对6家企业进行定性探索和295家制造业中小企业进行实证检验,分析制造业中小企业朴素式创新的主要影响因素。研究表明:在可持续供应链内部管理方面,内部环境管理与内部社会责任管理会促进中小制造企业的朴素式创新;在可持续供应链外部管理方面,企业与供应商进行可持续合作会促进企业朴素式创新的开展,而企业监督评价供应商的可持续发展行为并不影响企业的朴素式创新;公司规模仅在可持续供应链内部管理对企业朴素式创新的影响中发挥正向调节作用。

中小企业“链式”数字化转型的逻辑与实践——以广东为例

“链式”数字化转型是当前推动中小企业数字化转型的热点方向和有效途径。本文以广东省当前开展的产业集群数字化转型工程和省级中小企业数字化转型城市试点工作为背景,分析中小企业开展“链式”数字化转型的内在逻辑,阐述综合考虑技术和商业的转型蓝图,分析供应链模式和产业链模式两种实施路线以及“1+1+N”的组织方式,最后介绍典型的实践案例,为全国推动中小企业数字化转型提供参考。

血清FGL1、LncSChLAP1对晚期非小细胞肺癌免疫治疗效果及预后评估的价值

目的分析血清纤维蛋白样因子1(FGL1)、长链非编码RNA SChLAP1(LncSChLAP1)评估接受免疫治疗的晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者疗效及预后的价值。方法选取2019年4月—2022年12月南京市胸科医院呼吸内科诊治晚期NSCLC患者98例为NSCLC组,均接受免疫检查点抑制剂治疗,根据疗效分为有效亚组74例和无效亚组24例,以同期医院健康体检者50例为健康对照组。酶联免疫吸附实验检测NSCLC患者血清FGL1水平,实时荧光定量PCR检测血清LncSChLAP1水平;多因素Logistic回归分析影响晚期NSCLC患者化疗疗效的因素;受试者工作特征曲线分析血清FGL1、LncSChLAP1对晚期NSCLC患者免疫治疗疗效的预测价值;Kaplan-Meier曲线分析血清FGL1、LncSChLAP1对晚期NSCLC患者生存预后的影响。结果血清FGL1、LncSChLAP1水平比较,NSCLC组高于健康对照组(t/P=57.365/<0.001、28.443/<0.001)。无效亚组TNM分期Ⅳ期比例、血清FGL1、LncSChLAP1水平高于有效亚组(χ^(2)/P=15.375/<0.001,t/P=35.077/<0.001、35.127/<0.001)。血清FGL1、LncSChLAP1高是影响晚期NSCLC患者免疫治疗疗效的独立危险因素[OR(95%CI)=1.327(1.104~1.596)、1.415(1.094~1.829)];血清FGL1、LncSChLAP1及两项联合的AUC分别为0.856、0.792、0.905,两者联合优于各自单独预测效能(Z/P=4.258/0.007、5.119/<0.001)。FGL1高、低表达组1年总体生存率分别为22.92%(11/48)、60.00%(30/50),LncSChLAP1高、低表达组1年总体生存率分别为27.66%(13/47)、54.90%(28/51),FGL1高表达组、LncSChLAP1高表达组晚期NSCLC患者1年累积生存率分别低于FGL1低表达组、LncSChLAP1低表达组(χ^(2)/P=14.180/<0.001、17.553/<0.001)。结论晚期NSCLC患者血清FGL1、LncSChLAP1升高,是新的评估晚期NSCLC患者免疫治疗疗效及生存预后的血清标志物。

混合增强型机器学习算法在稀土供应链金融中评价中小企业信用风险的研究

稀土是支撑高端技术创新和新能源产业发展的关键原材料之一,研究解决稀土供应链中小企业融资困难的问题,做强我国稀土产业链,更好地维护国家战略利益是当务之急。供应链金融作为创新型融资方式成为实现中小企业融资授信的一种主要手段,但其中信用风险问题成为融资决策中需解决的最关键问题之一。本文提出了一种混合增强型机器学习算法,首先采用动态透镜成像反向学习改进的海洋捕食者算法(IMPA)对支持向量机算法(SVM)进行优化,再采用AdaBoost算法对优化后的SVM进行集成,建立AdaBoost-IMPA-SVM模型。采用该模型对供应链金融风险进行评价,重新建立供应链金融风险体系指标,通过相关性分析进行特效选取,并从计算机通信及其他制造业选取52家中国上市中小企业2019—2021年期间140个样本作为特征变量输入模型。仿真实验结果验证了该模型相较于其他信用风险评价模型具有更好的分类识别性能。

甘肃小农户与特色农业产业链有效对接的实践路径

小农户与农业产业链对接是小农户与现代农业衔接的有效途径,是实现农业现代化的重要标志,是小农户牵手大市场的桥梁纽带,也是打造特色农业产业链的关键之举。基于此,首先对小农户与特色农业产业链对接的相关文献进行了梳理,其次阐述了小农户和特色农业产业链对接的内涵和逻辑机理,然后在此基础上,探析了小农户与特色农业产业链对接难的具体表现,最后提出相应的、有针对性的对策建议。研究认为:小农户和特色农业产业链对接既是必要的,也是可行的,这是由小农户的自身特征和农业现代化的发展规律决定的,要从激发小农户的内生动力、强化外部条件的支撑和探索多元利益联结新机制三个方面着手,实现小农户与特色农业产业链的有效对接。

LINC00852调节miR-671-5p/MYH9信号轴对非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖侵袭及迁移的影响

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA00852(LINC00852)调节微小RNA-671-5p(miR-671-5p)/肌球蛋白重链9(MYH9)信号轴对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)细胞增殖、侵袭及迁移的影响。方法:采用qRT-PCR法检测45例2022年9月至2023年12月期间在我院进行手术的NSCLC患者术中切除的NSCLC组织及癌旁组织中LINC00852、miR-671-5p、MYH9 mRNA的表达。以A549细胞为研究对象,将其随机分为Control组、sh-NC组、sh-LINC00852组、sh-LINC00852+anti-NC组、sh-LINC00852+anti-miR-671-5p组。检测各组中LINC00852、miR-671-5p、MYH9 mRNA的表达;平板克隆实验、Transwell实验、划痕实验分别检测敲低LINC00852对A549细胞的增殖、侵袭、迁移的影响;Western blot检测各组A549细胞中PCNA、MYH9、MMP-9蛋白的表达。双荧光素酶报告基因实验检测LINC00852与miR-671-5p、miR-671-5p与MYH9之间的互作。结果:NSCLC组织LINC00852(1.65±0.34)、MYH9 mRNA表达(1.73±0.35)高于癌旁组织[(0.98±0.29)、(1.01±0.33)](t=10.058、10.041,P<0.05),miR-671-5p表达(0.52±0.15)低于癌旁组织(1.00±0.18)(t=13.742,P<0.05)。sh-LINC00852组A549细胞的克隆数、侵袭数、划痕愈合率、LINC00852、MYH9 mRNA和蛋白、PCNA蛋白、MMP-9蛋白表达低于sh-NC组、Control组,miR-671-5p表达高于sh-NC组、Control组(P<0.05);与sh-LINC00852组、sh-LINC00852+anti-NC组相比,sh-LINC00852+anti-miR-671-5p组克隆数、侵袭数、划痕愈合率、MYH9 mRNA和蛋白、PCNA蛋白、MMP-9蛋白表达升高,miR-671-5p表达降低(P<0.05)。LINC00852可以靶向负调控miR-671-5p,miR-671-5p可以靶向负调控MYH9。结论:敲低LINC00852可以抑制NSCLC细胞的增殖、侵袭、迁移,其机制可能是通过调控miR-671-5p/MYH9信号通路实现的。

民营粮食收购企业供应链融资模式选择的影响因素研究

论文针对东北三省中小民营粮食收购企业存在融资难的问题,选取东北三省中小民营粮食收购企业收储供应链为研究对象,首先,通过问卷调查得出:一是这类企业选择供应链融资模式频率由小到大依次为“应收账款类融资模式”“信用类融资模式”“存货类融资模式”;二是在下游购销企业主导的粮食收储供应链金融中,以其自身资质向中小民营粮食收购企业提供担保的意愿不高;三是中小民营粮食收购企业认为政商关系总体在合格以上。其次,运用多变量Probit模型,得出供应链融资模式选择影响机理:贷款期限对信用类融资模式选择有显著的正向影响,政府对这类企业的服务水平正向影响着存货类融资模式选择。最后,得出政策启示:政府应提高服务水平精准到选择存货类融资模式的企业,通过优质中小企业梯度培育政策鼓励中小民营粮食收购企业兼并,鼓励银行扩大资产负债率的融资条件到8%—20%。