Transfer RNA(tRNA)-derived fragments,a new type of tRNA-derived small RNA(tsRNA),can be cleaved from tRNA by enzymes to regulate target gene expression at the transcriptional and translational levels.tsRNAs are not on...Transfer RNA(tRNA)-derived fragments,a new type of tRNA-derived small RNA(tsRNA),can be cleaved from tRNA by enzymes to regulate target gene expression at the transcriptional and translational levels.tsRNAs are not only degradation fragments but also have biological functions,including those in immune inflammation,metabolic disorders,and cell death.tsRNA dysregulation is closely associated with multiple diseases,including various cancers and acute pancreatitis(AP).AP is a common gastrointestinal disease,and its incidence increases annually.AP development is associated with tsRNAs,which regulate cell injury and induce inflammation,especially pyroptosis and ferroptosis.Notably,serum tRF36 has the potential to serve as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker and leads to pancreatic acinar cell ferroptosis causing inflammation to promote AP.We show the characteristics of tsRNAs and their diagnostic value and function in AP,and discuss the potential opportunities and challenges of using tsRNAs in clinical applications and research.展开更多
Small nucleolar RNAs(snoRNAs)represent a class of non-coding RNAs that play pivotal roles in post-transcriptional RNA processing and modification,thereby contributing significantly to the maintenance of cellular funct...Small nucleolar RNAs(snoRNAs)represent a class of non-coding RNAs that play pivotal roles in post-transcriptional RNA processing and modification,thereby contributing significantly to the maintenance of cellular functions related to protein synthesis.SnoRNAs have been discovered to possess the ability to influence cell fate and alter disease progression,holding immense potential in controlling human diseases.It is suggested that the dysregulation of snoRNAs in cancer exhibits differential expression across various cancer types,stages,metastasis,treatment response and/or prognosis in patients.On the other hand,colorectal cancer(CRC),a prevalent malignancy of the digestive system,is characterized by high incidence and mortality rates,ranking as the third most common cancer type.Recent research indicates that snoRNA dysregulation is associated with CRC,as snoRNA expression significantly differs between normal and cancerous conditions.Consequently,assessing snoRNA expression level and function holds promise for the prognosis and diagnosis of CRC.Nevertheless,current comprehension of the potential roles of snoRNAs in CRC remains limited.This review offers a comprehensive survey of the aberrant regulation of snoRNAs in CRC,providing valuable insights into the discovery of novel biomarkers,therapeutic targets,and potential tools for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC and furnishing critical cues for advancing research into CRC and the judicious selection of therapeutic targets.展开更多
Objective:To determine the genetic diversity of Plasmodium(P.)knowlesi isolates from Sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia,targeting the S-type SSU rRNA gene and including aspects of natural selection and hap...Objective:To determine the genetic diversity of Plasmodium(P.)knowlesi isolates from Sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia,targeting the S-type SSU rRNA gene and including aspects of natural selection and haplotype.Methods:Thirty-nine blood samples infected with P.knowlesi were collected in Sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia.The S-type SSU rRNA gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction,cloned into a vector,and sequenced.The natural selection and haplotype of the S-type SSU rRNA gene sequences were determined using DnaSP v6 and illustrated using NETWORK v10.This study's 39 S-type SSU rRNA sequences and eight sequences from the Genbank database were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 11.Results:Overall,the phylogenetic analysis showed no evidence of a geographical cluster of P.knowlesi isolates from different areas in Malaysia based on the S-type SSU rRNA gene sequences.The S-type SSU rRNA gene sequences were relatively conserved and with a purifying effect.Haplotype sharing of the S-type SSU rRNA gene was observed between the P.knowlesi isolates in Sabah,Malaysian Borneo,but not between Sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia.Conclusions:This study suggests that the S-type SSU rRNA gene of P.knowlesi isolates in Sabah,Malaysian Borneo,and Peninsular Malaysia has fewer polymorphic sites,representing the conservation of the gene.These features make the S-type SSU rRNA gene suitable for comparative studies,such as determining the evolutionary relationships and common ancestry among P.knowlesi species.展开更多
This editorial reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of the long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)small nucleolar RNA host gene 16(SNHG16)in digestive system cancers based on two recent studies on lncRNAs in dige...This editorial reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of the long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)small nucleolar RNA host gene 16(SNHG16)in digestive system cancers based on two recent studies on lncRNAs in digestive system tumors.The first study,by Zhao et al,explored how hBD-1 affects colon cancer,via the lncRNA TCONS_00014506,by inhibiting mTOR and promoting autophagy.The second one,by Li et al,identified the lncRNA prion protein testis specific(PRNT)as a factor in oxaliplatin resistance by sponging ZNF184 to regulate HIPK2 and influence colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance,suggesting PRNT as a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.Both of these two articles discuss the mechanisms by which lncRNAs contribute to the development and progression of digestive system cancers.As a recent research hotspot,SNHG16 is a typical lncRNA that has been extensively studied for its association with digestive system cancers.The prevailing hypothesis is that SNHG16 participates in the development and progression of digestive system tumors by acting as a competing endogenous RNA,interacting with other proteins,regulating various genes,and affecting downstream target molecules.This review systematically examines the recently reported biological functions,related molecular mechanisms,and potential clinical significance of SNHG16 in various digestive system cancers,and explores the relationship between SNHG16 and digestive system cancers.The findings suggest that SNHG16 may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for human digestive system cancers.展开更多
转运RNA(transfer RNA,tRNA)可结合相应的氨基酸,并将其运送到核糖体上,促进蛋白质的翻译。tRNA衍生的小RNA(transfer RNA-derived small RNA,tsRNA)是tRNA被切割而产生的。tsRNA具有重要的生物学功能,可发挥调节基因表达和调控蛋白质...转运RNA(transfer RNA,tRNA)可结合相应的氨基酸,并将其运送到核糖体上,促进蛋白质的翻译。tRNA衍生的小RNA(transfer RNA-derived small RNA,tsRNA)是tRNA被切割而产生的。tsRNA具有重要的生物学功能,可发挥调节基因表达和调控蛋白质翻译等作用。近年来,研究揭示了tsRNA在癌症中的双重调控作用,特别是其在癌症患者体液中的显著差异性,强调了tsRNA作为一种潜在的肿瘤诊断和预后评估生物标志物的重要性。结直肠癌相关tsRNA中,5′tiRNA-His-GTG上调可促进肿瘤的发生和发展;由血管生成素切割产生的5′-tiRNA-Val上调,促进肿瘤转移和生长;tRF-20-MEJB5Y13上调,可促进结直肠癌细胞迁移和侵袭。胃癌相关tsRNA中,tRF-19-3L7L73JD上调可促进恶性肿瘤的进展,而tRF-24-V29K9UV3IU、tRF-5026a和tRF-Val上调可抑制肿瘤的增殖及进展。临床应用方面,血浆5-tRF-GlyGCC表达升高,诊断结直肠癌的曲线下面积达0.882,血浆tRF-5026a下降,诊断结直肠癌曲线下面积为0.883。胃癌患者血清tRF-27-FDXXE6XRK45、tRF-29-R9J8909NF5JP和tRF-23-Q99P9P9NDD的表达显著升高,诊断胃癌曲线下面积分别为0.805、0.889和0.783;三阴性乳腺癌血清中tDR-000620下降,与淋巴结转移和疾病复发相关。胃癌患者的血浆外泌体中,tRF-38、tRF-25和tRF-18表达升高,这些指标可用于诊断胃癌,且可能是术后预测因子;肝癌患者血浆外泌体的tRNA-ValTAC-3、tRNA-GlyTCC-5、tRNA-ValAAC-5和tRNA-GluCTC-5的表达水平明显增加,可能是新兴的标志物。本文综述了tsRNA的生成、分类及生物学功能,重点阐述tsRNA作为肿瘤标志物的研究进展以及其在不同肿瘤中发挥的作用。展开更多
Small RNAs are non-coding RNA molecules with 20-30 nucleotides （nt） in length that mainly play regulatory roles in gene expression at the post-transcription level by directly cutting target mRNA or inhibiting its tr...Small RNAs are non-coding RNA molecules with 20-30 nucleotides （nt） in length that mainly play regulatory roles in gene expression at the post-transcription level by directly cutting target mRNA or inhibiting its translation. Small RNAs play regulatory roles in the growth and development process of plants at the core of gene regulatory networks, which has been widely studied and confirmed in sporophyte generation of plants. However, few researches have been conducted on small RNAs and gametophyte generation. It is reported that small RNAs play important roles in floral organ development, gametogenesis, fertilization, and early zygotic development of plants. In addition, various small RNAs also play roles in controlling genetic integrity, cell differentiation and functions during the sexual reproduction process of plants. However, most of the specific functions of small RNAs in the sexual reproduction process are unknown yet. This study mainly aimed to introduce small RNAs in plants, summarize the latest advances in researches of small RNAs and plant sexual reproduction, and make prospect on its future.展开更多
基金Supported by the Central South University Innovation-Driven Research Programme,No.2023CXQD075。
文摘Transfer RNA(tRNA)-derived fragments,a new type of tRNA-derived small RNA(tsRNA),can be cleaved from tRNA by enzymes to regulate target gene expression at the transcriptional and translational levels.tsRNAs are not only degradation fragments but also have biological functions,including those in immune inflammation,metabolic disorders,and cell death.tsRNA dysregulation is closely associated with multiple diseases,including various cancers and acute pancreatitis(AP).AP is a common gastrointestinal disease,and its incidence increases annually.AP development is associated with tsRNAs,which regulate cell injury and induce inflammation,especially pyroptosis and ferroptosis.Notably,serum tRF36 has the potential to serve as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker and leads to pancreatic acinar cell ferroptosis causing inflammation to promote AP.We show the characteristics of tsRNAs and their diagnostic value and function in AP,and discuss the potential opportunities and challenges of using tsRNAs in clinical applications and research.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82273457Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.2021A1515012180 and No.2023A1515012762+1 种基金Special Grant for Key Area Programs of Guangdong Department of Education,No.2021ZDZX2040and Science and Technology Special Project of Guangdong Province,No.210715216902829.
文摘Small nucleolar RNAs(snoRNAs)represent a class of non-coding RNAs that play pivotal roles in post-transcriptional RNA processing and modification,thereby contributing significantly to the maintenance of cellular functions related to protein synthesis.SnoRNAs have been discovered to possess the ability to influence cell fate and alter disease progression,holding immense potential in controlling human diseases.It is suggested that the dysregulation of snoRNAs in cancer exhibits differential expression across various cancer types,stages,metastasis,treatment response and/or prognosis in patients.On the other hand,colorectal cancer(CRC),a prevalent malignancy of the digestive system,is characterized by high incidence and mortality rates,ranking as the third most common cancer type.Recent research indicates that snoRNA dysregulation is associated with CRC,as snoRNA expression significantly differs between normal and cancerous conditions.Consequently,assessing snoRNA expression level and function holds promise for the prognosis and diagnosis of CRC.Nevertheless,current comprehension of the potential roles of snoRNAs in CRC remains limited.This review offers a comprehensive survey of the aberrant regulation of snoRNAs in CRC,providing valuable insights into the discovery of novel biomarkers,therapeutic targets,and potential tools for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC and furnishing critical cues for advancing research into CRC and the judicious selection of therapeutic targets.
基金This study was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia(FRGS0322-SG-1/2013)Universiti Malaysia Sabah(GUG0521-2/2020).
文摘Objective:To determine the genetic diversity of Plasmodium(P.)knowlesi isolates from Sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia,targeting the S-type SSU rRNA gene and including aspects of natural selection and haplotype.Methods:Thirty-nine blood samples infected with P.knowlesi were collected in Sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia.The S-type SSU rRNA gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction,cloned into a vector,and sequenced.The natural selection and haplotype of the S-type SSU rRNA gene sequences were determined using DnaSP v6 and illustrated using NETWORK v10.This study's 39 S-type SSU rRNA sequences and eight sequences from the Genbank database were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 11.Results:Overall,the phylogenetic analysis showed no evidence of a geographical cluster of P.knowlesi isolates from different areas in Malaysia based on the S-type SSU rRNA gene sequences.The S-type SSU rRNA gene sequences were relatively conserved and with a purifying effect.Haplotype sharing of the S-type SSU rRNA gene was observed between the P.knowlesi isolates in Sabah,Malaysian Borneo,but not between Sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia.Conclusions:This study suggests that the S-type SSU rRNA gene of P.knowlesi isolates in Sabah,Malaysian Borneo,and Peninsular Malaysia has fewer polymorphic sites,representing the conservation of the gene.These features make the S-type SSU rRNA gene suitable for comparative studies,such as determining the evolutionary relationships and common ancestry among P.knowlesi species.
文摘This editorial reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of the long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)small nucleolar RNA host gene 16(SNHG16)in digestive system cancers based on two recent studies on lncRNAs in digestive system tumors.The first study,by Zhao et al,explored how hBD-1 affects colon cancer,via the lncRNA TCONS_00014506,by inhibiting mTOR and promoting autophagy.The second one,by Li et al,identified the lncRNA prion protein testis specific(PRNT)as a factor in oxaliplatin resistance by sponging ZNF184 to regulate HIPK2 and influence colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance,suggesting PRNT as a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.Both of these two articles discuss the mechanisms by which lncRNAs contribute to the development and progression of digestive system cancers.As a recent research hotspot,SNHG16 is a typical lncRNA that has been extensively studied for its association with digestive system cancers.The prevailing hypothesis is that SNHG16 participates in the development and progression of digestive system tumors by acting as a competing endogenous RNA,interacting with other proteins,regulating various genes,and affecting downstream target molecules.This review systematically examines the recently reported biological functions,related molecular mechanisms,and potential clinical significance of SNHG16 in various digestive system cancers,and explores the relationship between SNHG16 and digestive system cancers.The findings suggest that SNHG16 may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for human digestive system cancers.
文摘转运RNA(transfer RNA,tRNA)可结合相应的氨基酸,并将其运送到核糖体上,促进蛋白质的翻译。tRNA衍生的小RNA(transfer RNA-derived small RNA,tsRNA)是tRNA被切割而产生的。tsRNA具有重要的生物学功能,可发挥调节基因表达和调控蛋白质翻译等作用。近年来,研究揭示了tsRNA在癌症中的双重调控作用,特别是其在癌症患者体液中的显著差异性,强调了tsRNA作为一种潜在的肿瘤诊断和预后评估生物标志物的重要性。结直肠癌相关tsRNA中,5′tiRNA-His-GTG上调可促进肿瘤的发生和发展;由血管生成素切割产生的5′-tiRNA-Val上调,促进肿瘤转移和生长;tRF-20-MEJB5Y13上调,可促进结直肠癌细胞迁移和侵袭。胃癌相关tsRNA中,tRF-19-3L7L73JD上调可促进恶性肿瘤的进展,而tRF-24-V29K9UV3IU、tRF-5026a和tRF-Val上调可抑制肿瘤的增殖及进展。临床应用方面,血浆5-tRF-GlyGCC表达升高,诊断结直肠癌的曲线下面积达0.882,血浆tRF-5026a下降,诊断结直肠癌曲线下面积为0.883。胃癌患者血清tRF-27-FDXXE6XRK45、tRF-29-R9J8909NF5JP和tRF-23-Q99P9P9NDD的表达显著升高,诊断胃癌曲线下面积分别为0.805、0.889和0.783;三阴性乳腺癌血清中tDR-000620下降,与淋巴结转移和疾病复发相关。胃癌患者的血浆外泌体中,tRF-38、tRF-25和tRF-18表达升高,这些指标可用于诊断胃癌,且可能是术后预测因子;肝癌患者血浆外泌体的tRNA-ValTAC-3、tRNA-GlyTCC-5、tRNA-ValAAC-5和tRNA-GluCTC-5的表达水平明显增加,可能是新兴的标志物。本文综述了tsRNA的生成、分类及生物学功能,重点阐述tsRNA作为肿瘤标志物的研究进展以及其在不同肿瘤中发挥的作用。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30971986)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20110182110013)Doctoral Fund of Southwestern University(SWU111016)~~
文摘Small RNAs are non-coding RNA molecules with 20-30 nucleotides （nt） in length that mainly play regulatory roles in gene expression at the post-transcription level by directly cutting target mRNA or inhibiting its translation. Small RNAs play regulatory roles in the growth and development process of plants at the core of gene regulatory networks, which has been widely studied and confirmed in sporophyte generation of plants. However, few researches have been conducted on small RNAs and gametophyte generation. It is reported that small RNAs play important roles in floral organ development, gametogenesis, fertilization, and early zygotic development of plants. In addition, various small RNAs also play roles in controlling genetic integrity, cell differentiation and functions during the sexual reproduction process of plants. However, most of the specific functions of small RNAs in the sexual reproduction process are unknown yet. This study mainly aimed to introduce small RNAs in plants, summarize the latest advances in researches of small RNAs and plant sexual reproduction, and make prospect on its future.
