Roads are the major asset of any country and to conserve them maintenance is essential. The delay of maintenance works can lead the road in the stage of expensive rehabilitation and reconstruction. In Nepal, Departmen...Roads are the major asset of any country and to conserve them maintenance is essential. The delay of maintenance works can lead the road in the stage of expensive rehabilitation and reconstruction. In Nepal, Department of Roads (DoR) is responsible for maintenance of strategic roads of country. The maintenance practice of the road under Department of Road is predominantly based on Strengthen Maintenance Division Process where several maintenance activities like Routine maintenance, Recurrent Maintenance, Periodic Maintenance and Emergency Maintenance are planned and carried out. The maintenance work is based on traditional quantity and unit price based short term maintenance contracts, where maintenance of physical works is outsourced. Client demands the contractor what work is to be done, when to be do it and the extent of the work. The contractor is paid on the basis of a defined output or quantity accomplished, and the schedule of the rates. DoR engineers required full time supervision of work. Pilot based performance based maintenance practice of road started in Nepal in 2003. The study assesses performance road maintenance practices of road maintenance in Nepal on the basis of the framework of cost efficiency, level of service effectiveness and quality of service. The study concluded that implementation of Performance Based Maintenance Contract (PBMC) was not successful in Nepal as Road Asset condition was not maintained to performance standard. One of the reasons is the weak service delivery of contractor alongside weak contract enforcement from the road agency.展开更多
Software is in constant evolution and many approaches have been suggested to study software maintenance productivity. This research reports on a process to design and implement a productivity model of legacy software ...Software is in constant evolution and many approaches have been suggested to study software maintenance productivity. This research reports on a process to design and implement a productivity model of legacy software based on the measurement of small functional enhancements using the COSMIC ISO 19761 international standard. Two motivations influence this research: 1) understanding the productivity of the software maintenance process to help manage the cost of maintenance;2) understanding the cost drivers that affect the software maintenance productivity. This research reports on an empirical study of a productivity measurement program implemented in a large banking legacy system.展开更多
为提高高速公路路面小修保养费用决策水平,采用阶层回归分析方法,进行小修保养费用影响因素量化研究.通过定性分析将影响因素界定为地区因素、通车年限、特大桥梁比例、长与特长隧道比例和交通因素,其中交通因素分为5种情况;通过对变量...为提高高速公路路面小修保养费用决策水平,采用阶层回归分析方法,进行小修保养费用影响因素量化研究.通过定性分析将影响因素界定为地区因素、通车年限、特大桥梁比例、长与特长隧道比例和交通因素,其中交通因素分为5种情况;通过对变量进行预处理,基于16条高速公路的历史数据进行量化研究.结果表明,在控制地区变量的条件下,各区组对模型的整体解释力均较显著,其中通车年限的增量解释力和在各区组的统计意义最为显著;同等条件下特大桥比例的标准化回归系数(β系数)远大于长与特长隧道比例的β系数,AADT(annual average daily traffic)和重车流量区组的β系数较其他交通因素区组的数值大.因此,路面资产小修保养费用受到地区因素、通车年限、大于1000m的桥梁比例、AADT和重车流量的影响.展开更多
文摘Roads are the major asset of any country and to conserve them maintenance is essential. The delay of maintenance works can lead the road in the stage of expensive rehabilitation and reconstruction. In Nepal, Department of Roads (DoR) is responsible for maintenance of strategic roads of country. The maintenance practice of the road under Department of Road is predominantly based on Strengthen Maintenance Division Process where several maintenance activities like Routine maintenance, Recurrent Maintenance, Periodic Maintenance and Emergency Maintenance are planned and carried out. The maintenance work is based on traditional quantity and unit price based short term maintenance contracts, where maintenance of physical works is outsourced. Client demands the contractor what work is to be done, when to be do it and the extent of the work. The contractor is paid on the basis of a defined output or quantity accomplished, and the schedule of the rates. DoR engineers required full time supervision of work. Pilot based performance based maintenance practice of road started in Nepal in 2003. The study assesses performance road maintenance practices of road maintenance in Nepal on the basis of the framework of cost efficiency, level of service effectiveness and quality of service. The study concluded that implementation of Performance Based Maintenance Contract (PBMC) was not successful in Nepal as Road Asset condition was not maintained to performance standard. One of the reasons is the weak service delivery of contractor alongside weak contract enforcement from the road agency.
文摘Software is in constant evolution and many approaches have been suggested to study software maintenance productivity. This research reports on a process to design and implement a productivity model of legacy software based on the measurement of small functional enhancements using the COSMIC ISO 19761 international standard. Two motivations influence this research: 1) understanding the productivity of the software maintenance process to help manage the cost of maintenance;2) understanding the cost drivers that affect the software maintenance productivity. This research reports on an empirical study of a productivity measurement program implemented in a large banking legacy system.
文摘为提高高速公路路面小修保养费用决策水平,采用阶层回归分析方法,进行小修保养费用影响因素量化研究.通过定性分析将影响因素界定为地区因素、通车年限、特大桥梁比例、长与特长隧道比例和交通因素,其中交通因素分为5种情况;通过对变量进行预处理,基于16条高速公路的历史数据进行量化研究.结果表明,在控制地区变量的条件下,各区组对模型的整体解释力均较显著,其中通车年限的增量解释力和在各区组的统计意义最为显著;同等条件下特大桥比例的标准化回归系数(β系数)远大于长与特长隧道比例的β系数,AADT(annual average daily traffic)和重车流量区组的β系数较其他交通因素区组的数值大.因此,路面资产小修保养费用受到地区因素、通车年限、大于1000m的桥梁比例、AADT和重车流量的影响.
