The small and scattered enterprise pattern in the county economy has formed numerous sporadic pollution sources, hindering the centralized treatment of the water environment, increasing the cost and difficulty of trea...The small and scattered enterprise pattern in the county economy has formed numerous sporadic pollution sources, hindering the centralized treatment of the water environment, increasing the cost and difficulty of treatment. How enterprises can make reasonable decisions on their water environment behavior based on the external environment and their own factors is of great significance for scientifically and effectively designing water environment regulation mechanisms. Based on optimal control theory, this study investigates the design of contractual mechanisms for water environmental regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises. The enterprise is regarded as an independent economic entity that can adopt optimal control strategies to maximize its own interests. Based on the participation of multiple subjects including the government, enterprises, and the public, an optimal control strategy model for enterprises under contractual water environmental regulation is constructed using optimal control theory, and a method for calculating the amount of unit pollutant penalties is derived. The water pollutant treatment cost data of a paper company is selected to conduct empirical numerical analysis on the model. The results show that the increase in the probability of government regulation and public participation, as well as the decrease in local government protection for enterprises, can achieve the same regulatory effect while reducing the number of administrative penalties per unit. Finally, the implementation process of contractual water environmental regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises is designed.展开更多
目的探讨水溶性造影剂（泛影葡胺）在粘连性小肠梗阻治疗中的价值。方法明确诊断为小肠梗阻的患者,不合并肠穿孔、腹膜炎及绞窄性肠梗阻等需要急诊手术的情况。采用前瞻性研究方法,将入组的57例患者分为2组：对照组与治疗组。对照组给...目的探讨水溶性造影剂（泛影葡胺）在粘连性小肠梗阻治疗中的价值。方法明确诊断为小肠梗阻的患者,不合并肠穿孔、腹膜炎及绞窄性肠梗阻等需要急诊手术的情况。采用前瞻性研究方法,将入组的57例患者分为2组：对照组与治疗组。对照组给予常规治疗,如禁食、胃肠减压、灌肠、静脉补液等;治疗组除常规保守治疗方法外,患者口服或均经胃肠减压管注入76%泛影葡胺60~100 m L并夹管1小时,观察两组非手术治疗的有效率、小肠梗阻缓解时间、住院时间以及并发症的发生情况。结果应用泛影葡胺的治疗组非手术治疗的有效率明显高于对照组（83.3%VS 55.6%）,差异有统计学意义;非手术治疗有效的两组患者中,治疗组患者在肠鸣音恢复时间9.56±3.47 h VS 19.67±3.90 h）、肛门排气时间（11.24±3.15 h VS 22.6±4.14 h）、每日胃肠减压量（179.20±68.79 m L VS 323.33±91.31 m L）、住院时间（5.0±1.83 d VS 8.20±2.15 d）均明显小于对照组,各指标间的比较均有显著性差异。两组均未出现严重并发症。结论泛影葡胺治疗小肠梗阻疗效确切,值得推广应用。展开更多
文摘The small and scattered enterprise pattern in the county economy has formed numerous sporadic pollution sources, hindering the centralized treatment of the water environment, increasing the cost and difficulty of treatment. How enterprises can make reasonable decisions on their water environment behavior based on the external environment and their own factors is of great significance for scientifically and effectively designing water environment regulation mechanisms. Based on optimal control theory, this study investigates the design of contractual mechanisms for water environmental regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises. The enterprise is regarded as an independent economic entity that can adopt optimal control strategies to maximize its own interests. Based on the participation of multiple subjects including the government, enterprises, and the public, an optimal control strategy model for enterprises under contractual water environmental regulation is constructed using optimal control theory, and a method for calculating the amount of unit pollutant penalties is derived. The water pollutant treatment cost data of a paper company is selected to conduct empirical numerical analysis on the model. The results show that the increase in the probability of government regulation and public participation, as well as the decrease in local government protection for enterprises, can achieve the same regulatory effect while reducing the number of administrative penalties per unit. Finally, the implementation process of contractual water environmental regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises is designed.
文摘目的探讨水溶性造影剂（泛影葡胺）在粘连性小肠梗阻治疗中的价值。方法明确诊断为小肠梗阻的患者,不合并肠穿孔、腹膜炎及绞窄性肠梗阻等需要急诊手术的情况。采用前瞻性研究方法,将入组的57例患者分为2组：对照组与治疗组。对照组给予常规治疗,如禁食、胃肠减压、灌肠、静脉补液等;治疗组除常规保守治疗方法外,患者口服或均经胃肠减压管注入76%泛影葡胺60~100 m L并夹管1小时,观察两组非手术治疗的有效率、小肠梗阻缓解时间、住院时间以及并发症的发生情况。结果应用泛影葡胺的治疗组非手术治疗的有效率明显高于对照组（83.3%VS 55.6%）,差异有统计学意义;非手术治疗有效的两组患者中,治疗组患者在肠鸣音恢复时间9.56±3.47 h VS 19.67±3.90 h）、肛门排气时间（11.24±3.15 h VS 22.6±4.14 h）、每日胃肠减压量（179.20±68.79 m L VS 323.33±91.31 m L）、住院时间（5.0±1.83 d VS 8.20±2.15 d）均明显小于对照组,各指标间的比较均有显著性差异。两组均未出现严重并发症。结论泛影葡胺治疗小肠梗阻疗效确切,值得推广应用。
