Simple Predicting Method for Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Based on Tensile Strength of Carbon Steel

Three types of fatigue tests for an annealed carbon steel containing carbon of 0.42%were carried out on smooth specimens and specimens with a small blind hole in order to investigate the fatigue crack growth law.A simple predicting method for crack growth rates has been proposed involving strengthσband the relation between cyclic stress and strain.The validity of proposed method has been confirmed by experiments on several carbon steels with different loadings.

Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of Ti-6Al-4V Considering the Effects of Fracture Toughness and Crack Closure

Fatigue fracture is one of the main failure modes of Ti-6A1-4V alloy,fracture toughness and crack closure have strong effects on the fatigue crack growth（FCG）rate of Ti-6A1-4V alloy.The FCG rate of Ti-6A1-4V is investigated by using experimental and analytical methods.The effects of stress ratio,crack closure and fracture toughness on the FCG rate are studied and discussed.A modified prediction model of the FCG rate is proposed,and the relationship between the fracture toughness and the stress intensity factor（SIF）range is redefined by introducing a correcting coefficient.Notched plate fatigue tests（including the fracture toughness test and the FCG rate test）are conducted to investigate the influence of affecting factors on the FCG rate.Comparisons between the predicted results of the proposed model,the Paris model,the Walker model,the Sadananda model,and the experimental data show that the proposed model gives the best agreement with the test data particularly in the near-threshold region and the Paris region,and the corresponding calculated fatigue life is also accurate in the same regions.By considering the effects of fracture toughness and crack closure,the novel FCG rate prediction model not only improves the estimating accuracy,but also extends the adaptability of the FCG rate prediction model in engineering.

A two-parameter model to predict fatigue life of high-strength steels in a very high cycle fatigue regime

In this paper, ultrasonic （20 kHz） fatigue tests were performed on specimens of a high-strength steel in very high cycle fatigue （VHCF） regime. Experimental results showed that for most tested specimens failed in a VHCF regime, a fatigue crack originated from the interior of specimen with a fish-eye pattern, which contained a fine granular area （FGA） centered by an inclusion as the crack origin. Then, a two-parameter model is proposed to predict the fatigue life of high-strength steels with fish-eye mode failure in a VHCF regime, which takes into account the inclusion size and the FGA size. The model was verified by the data of present experiments and those in the literature. Furthermore, an analytic formula was obtained for estimating the equivalent crack growth rate within the FGA. The results also indicated that the stress intensity factor range at the front of the FGA varies within a small range, which is irrespective of stress amplitude and fatigue life.

Effects of Pitting Corrosion on the Fatigue Behavior of Q235 Steel

In order to analyze the distribution and characterizations of corrosion pits on the corroded surface,the steel surface data was measured. Based on the method of the interacting pits,the types of pits corresponding to different exposure time were observed and categorized for completely understanding the effects on the fatigue behavior. The results showed that the conditions for estimating whether the pits interfere with each other should not be ignored; exposure time with 2 years was a critical time. The exposure time and the interacting pits can observably reduce the fatigue life of corroded steel. From these conclusions,the method of fatigue crack growth rate with the multi-pits interaction(FCGR-MPI) was developed and used to predict the fatigue behavior of corroded steel affected with the interacting pits. The predicted lives were also well agreed with the experimental results.

Effect of age condition on fatigue properties of 2E12 aluminum alloy

The fatigue behaviors of 2E12 aluminum alloy in T3 and T6 conditions at room temperature in air were investigated.The microstructures and fatigue fracture surfaces of the alloy were examined by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results show that the alloy exhibits higher fatigue crack propagation(FCP) resistance in T3 condition than in T6 condition,the fatigue life is increased by 54% and the fatigue crack growth rate(FCGR) decreases significantly.The fatigue fractures of the alloy in T3 and T6 conditions are transgranular.But in T3 condition,secondary cracks occur and fatigue striations are not clear.In T6 condition,ductile fatigue striations are observed.The effect of aging conditions on fatigue behaviors is explained in terms of the slip planarity of dislocations and the cyclic slip reversibility.

Influence of grain size on the small fatigue crack initiation and propagation behaviors of a nickel-based superalloy at 650℃

GH4169 at 650℃ in atmosphere was investigated by using single edge notch tensile specimens. The number of main cracks and crack initiation mechanisms at the notch surface strongly depended on the grain size. The crack initiation life accounted for more percentages of the total fatigue life for the alloy with smaller grain size. The fatigue life generally increased with increasing crack initiation life. The small crack transited to long crack when its length reached 10 times the grain size.

Investigating fatigue behavior of gear components with the acoustic emission technique

A novel method is presented to evaluate the complicated fatigue behavior of gears made of20Cr2Ni4 A.Fatigue tests are conducted in a high-frequency push-pull fatigue tester,and acoustic emission（AE）technique is used to acquire metal fatigue signals.After analyzing large number of AE frequency spectrum,we find that：the crack extension can be expressed as the energy of specific frequency band,which is abbreviated as F-energy.To further validate the fatigue behavior,some correlation analysis is applied between F-energy and some AE parameters.Experimental results show that there is significant correlation among the Fenergy,root mean square（RMS）,relative energy,and hits.The findings can be used to validate the effectiveness of the F-energy in predicting fatigue crack propagation and remaining life for parts in-service.F-energy,as a new AE parameter,is first put forward in the area of fatigue crack growth.

基于运营数据的发动机压气机叶片裂纹扩展规律研究

为研究航空发动机实际服役中转子叶片在复杂载荷作用下的裂纹损伤扩展规律,基于航空发动机运营数据构建叶片的裂纹扩展寿命曲线,同时采用断裂力学理论建立裂纹扩展速率公式。以高压压气机叶片为实例,通过流固耦合方法构建压气机叶片结构的载荷模型,分别采用Paris、Walker、Newman裂纹扩展速率公式对压气机叶尖区域进行三维裂纹扩展分析。仿真结果表明,三种裂纹扩展速率公式在裂纹扩展前期预测结果与发动机运营数据裂纹扩展曲线具有一致性,可较好地描述叶片裂纹扩展规律;在裂纹稳定扩展阶段,Walker和Newman公式预测结果相对危险,Paris公式预测结果吻合度较高,并且能与厂家技术手册中关于其损伤发展控制要求相互印证。

STUDY ON THE SURFACE CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOR IN 14MnNbq BRIDGE STEEL

Three-dimensional crack closure correction methods are investigated in this paper.The fatigue crack growth tests of surface cracks in 14MnNbq steel for bridge plate subjected to tensile and bending loadings are systematically conducted.The experimentally measured fatigue crack growth rates of surface cracks are compared with those of through-thickness cracks in detail.It is found that the crack growth rates of surface cracks are lower than those of through-thickness cracks.In order to correct their differences in fatigue crack growth rates, a dimensionless crack closure correction model is proposed.Although this correction model is determined only by the experimental data of surface cracks under tensile loading with a constant ratio R=0.05, it can correlate the surface crack growth rates with reasonable accuracy under tensile and bending loadings with various stress ratios ranging from 0 to 0.5.Furthermore, predictions of fatigue life and crack aspect ratio for surface cracks are discussed, and the predicted results are also compared with those obtained from other prediction approaches.Comparison results show that the proposed crack closure correction model gives better prediction of fatigue life than other models.

喷丸强化对车辆传动齿轮裂纹扩展影响的研究综述

疲劳断裂是重载车辆传动齿轮的主要失效形式之一,齿轮底部疲劳裂纹的扩展将缩短车辆传动系统的服役寿命,严重时会导致车辆发生安全事故。延缓裂纹扩展的主要方法是在传动齿轮的表面引入一定大小的残余压应力。喷丸技术是一种冷加工表面强化处理工艺,该技术利用高速弹丸冲击材料表面,使零件表层产生塑性应变的同时,在表面和内部引入残余压应力,从而使裂纹闭合的能力得到强化,达到延缓裂纹扩展的强化效果。为了更好地揭示喷丸引入的残余压应力对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响,首先综述了传动齿轮表面疲劳裂纹产生的原因以及疲劳裂纹的扩展行为对重载车辆服役的影响。从强度因子、J积分以及裂纹闭合效应出发,介绍了传动齿轮表面疲劳裂纹扩展的理论以及残余压应力与疲劳裂纹扩展速率之间的关系。其次概述了目前国内外常用的新型有益于将残余拉应力转化为残余压应力的微粒子喷丸、激光喷丸、超声喷丸方法,并与传统机械喷丸技术相比较,阐述了新型喷丸表面强化技术的优缺点。此外,从数值模拟和试验结果两方面,论述了喷丸速度、喷丸角度、弹丸直径、弹丸材质和覆盖率5个工艺参数对在传动齿轮表面引入残余压应力的改善影响。最后对喷丸强化技术在传动齿轮上的多目标参数优化以及多尺度残余压应力与疲劳性能进行了展望,并结合重载车辆的使用需求,强调需要创新设计一种效率高、价格低、适用性广的喷丸技术,以进一步推动喷丸强化在延缓疲劳裂纹扩展方面的持续发展。

缺口悬臂梁振动疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究

航空飞行器在服役过程中会经受大量复杂的随机振动载荷,其结构易发生振动疲劳进而导致损伤甚至失效,造成严重损失。以铝合金悬臂梁结构件为对象,开展振动疲劳试验与理论分析,研究随机振动载荷下含裂纹梁的应力强度因子求解方法,提出一种基于Hudson理论的时域法,结合经典的Paris公式估算振动疲劳裂纹扩展寿命。结果表明:本文提出的基于Hudson理论的时域法的寿命预测结果优于试验对比估算结果,验证了该方法能够有效描述随机振动裂纹扩展行为。

低温下HTS-A钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率预报方法研究

针对低温下船用HTS-A钢的疲劳裂纹扩展行为,本文采用25 mm厚HTS-A钢CT试样为研究对象,开展常温及不同低温环境下疲劳裂纹扩展试验。在试验研究的基础上,提出包含温度项的改进McEvily公式的低温疲劳裂纹扩展预报方法。结果表明:随着温度的降低,HTS-A钢的疲劳裂纹扩展速率逐渐降低。在-60℃时,HTS-A钢的低温疲劳裂纹扩展速率没有出现低温脆断,试验结果可为船用HTS-A钢低温疲劳设计提供数据参考。同时,分别采用本文HTS-A钢低温试验数据和文献中的钛合金低温试验数据验证低温疲劳裂纹扩展速率预报方法的合理性及正确性,该方法可用于预报不同低温环境下金属疲劳裂纹扩展速率。

高温高压水管道热疲劳试验设计与数值模拟

核电厂压力容器启停堆和正常运行时,温度压力会在一定范围内发生波动,随着波动次数的增加,会对设备和管道造成严重疲劳损伤。依托北京某高校高温高压腐蚀实验站亚临界水汽环境结构材料试验装置双回路,设计了一种承压管道高通量热疲劳试验方法。基于该试验方法,完成了瞬态水温变化对管道疲劳裂纹扩展的影响研究。结果表明,疲劳裂纹扩展速率随冷却速率降低而逐渐降低。结合有限元数值模拟和三维裂纹扩展分析软件建立了阶梯管道结构的热疲劳裂纹扩展速率模型,并用试验结果对模型进行了修正。

激光沉积TA15钛合金的裂纹扩展行为

采用标准CT试样测定了激光沉积TA15钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率,结合微观组织、裂纹扩展路径以及断口形貌分析疲劳裂纹扩展机理;并基于ABAQUS与FRANC 3D联合仿真的方法,模拟裂纹尖端应力强度因子并进行寿命预测。结果表明,激光沉积制造态的裂纹扩展速率低于锻造态,裂纹主要穿过片状α相(αl),少量沿αl扩展,稳定扩展区清晰可见疲劳条纹,并伴随大量的二次裂纹,瞬断区为典型的韧性断裂。另一方面,ABAQUS与FRANC 3D联合仿真计算的应力强度因子与理论值吻合较好,预测寿命相对误差低于5%,且证实了预测结果保守,验证了模拟分析的可靠性,确保了工程应用中的安全性。

氢环境下金属材料的疲劳寿命预测:从裂纹的角度

随着氢能技术的快速发展,金属设备在氢环境下的运用越发广泛。然而,氢脆效应可显著削弱金属材料的疲劳性能,为相关设备的安全性埋下了隐患。因此,精准预测氢环境下金属材料的疲劳寿命具有重要意义。本文系统分析了氢环境下金属材料的疲劳裂纹扩展行为,总结了氢脆效应下各参数对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响。同时,调研并分析了氢环境下金属材料疲劳性能的研究及寿命预测方法的应用。氢环境下金属材料的疲劳裂纹扩展速率测算结果可作为输入进行计算材料的疲劳寿命,但研究发现疲劳裂纹扩展速率受多种参数的综合影响。尽管断裂力学的方法是疲劳裂纹扩展阶段常用的方法,也是氢环境下疲劳寿命预测的常用理论,但其求解效率尚有待提高。机器学习凭借其高效准确的预测性能,被广泛应用于各类疲劳问题的寿命预测中,但其在氢环境下金属材料的疲劳寿命预测领域尚少见。若能采用相关数据增强的方法扩充氢环境下的疲劳寿命数据,进而采用机器学习的方法进行寿命预测,将有望显著提升氢环境下金属材料疲劳寿命预测的效率。

油气输送管道疲劳寿命分析及预测

基于试验室小尺寸疲劳试样裂纹扩展速率(da／dN)试验所测得的螺旋埋弧焊管疲劳裂纹扩展数据,对管道剩余寿命进行了评估和预测,同时进行了实物钢管全尺寸疲劳试验,对预测结果进行了验证。研究结果表明,采用小尺寸疲劳试验结果对管道剩余寿命进行预测的结果与实物试验结果基本一致,虽略微保守,但从工程应用的角度讲是可行的。此外还结合实物疲劳试验分析了油气输送管道中较常见的管体表面半椭圆裂纹类缺陷的扩展规律。

腐蚀环境下飞机结构疲劳全寿命评估模型

腐蚀环境作用下飞机结构疲劳全寿命评定是飞机结构疲劳断裂分析技术发展的趋势。介绍结构疲劳全寿命的研究现状,在此基础上提出基于不连续状态腐蚀与疲劳交互作用下飞机结构的全寿命评估模型。该模型能将环境影响下的点腐、剥蚀的演化不连续状态(evolving discontinuity state,EDS)纳入全寿命分析框架中。模型的构建能为飞机结构腐蚀疲劳全寿命评定提供技术支持。最后,对全寿命模型的进一步研究提出建议。

管线钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率与疲劳寿命关系的研究

通过对管线钢表面缺陷的断裂力学分析,建立了用管线钢的疲劳裂纹扩展数据估算含初始缺陷的管道在运行条件下的疲劳寿命的数学计算方法.用该方法计算了6种管线钢在给定运行条件下的疲劳寿命,并进行了模拟实际条件的疲劳实验,表明管线钢疲劳寿命的计算值与实验值之间存在良好的线形关系,即在疲劳裂纹扩展实验结果的基础上,计算管线钢在实际运行条件下的疲劳寿命是可行的.同时讨论了管线钢的组织对其疲劳性能的影响.

基于小裂纹理论的航空材料疲劳全寿命预测

综述了基于小裂纹理论的疲劳全寿命预测方法。该方法把断裂力学的ΔK分析与裂纹闭合概念结合起来,应用于自然萌生的小裂纹和长裂纹的扩展,并全部基于对起源于材料初始缺陷的裂纹扩展分析预测疲劳全寿命。这一方法已被作者成功地应用于多种航空材料,包括:4种高强度铝合金、2种高强钢和2种钛合金,载荷类型涉及恒幅、Mini-Twist和直升机旋翼谱等。结果表明,预测的疲劳全寿命与实验结果吻合良好,从而为把基于断裂力学裂纹扩展的损伤容限方法向传统的疲劳领域(S-N曲线,安全寿命)延伸开辟了可行的途径。

金属材料疲劳小裂纹扩展速率试验方法编制说明

概述了疲劳小裂纹试验方法航标的编制背景。论述了航标中几个主要技术问题 ,如 ,小裂纹试样和小裂纹监测方法的选择 ,三维应力强度因子 K的确定 ,小裂纹数据有效性的判据及物理小裂纹门槛值。并且与 ASTM E6 47- 95 a方法中附录 X3进行了比较。