Tolerance of Four Market Classes of Dry Beans to Tribenuron and Carfentrazone Applied Preplant

Limited information is available on the sensitivity of dry beans to tribenuron and carfentrazone applied preplant (PP). Four field trials were conducted at Exeter and Ridgetown, ON, Canada in 2019 and 2020 to determine the tolerance of azuki, kidney, small red and white beans to glyphosate (1800 g·ae·ha-1) + tribenuron (15 g·ai·ha-1), glyphosate (1800 g·ae·ha-1) + carfentrazone (35 g·ai·ha-1) and glyphosate (1800 g·ae·ha-1) + tribenuron (15 g·ai·ha-1) + carfentrazone (35 g·ai·ha-1) applied PP 1 - 2 days prior to seeding dry beans. Glyphosate + tribenuron, glyphosate + carfentrazone, and glyphosate + tribenuron + carfentrazone, applied PP, caused 5%, 5% and 9% bean injury at 1 WAE;7%, 6% and 10% bean injury at 2 WAE and 6%, 5% and 8% bean injury at 4 WAE, respectively. At 8 WAE, there was 0, 1% and 4% injury in azuki bean;1%, 2% and 2% injury in kidney bean;3%, 2% and 3% injury in small red bean;and 6%, 3% and 2% injury in white bean with glyphosate + tribenuron, glyphosate + carfentrazone, and glyphosate + tribenuron + carfentrazone applied PP, respectively. The injury was significantly greater with glyphosate + tribenuron in small red and white beans compared to the azuki and kidney beans. There was no difference between injury levels among market classes of dry been with glyphosate + carfentrazone or glyphosate + tribenuron + carfentrazone applied PP. There was no effect of glyphosate + tribenuron, glyphosate + carfentrazone and glyphosate + tribenuron + carfentrazone on dry bean plant stand, maturity and seed yield. However, dry bean biomass was reduced as much as 15% with glyphosate + tribenuron and 13% with glyphosate + tribenuron + carfentrazone compared to the untreated control. Dry bean height was reduced 4% with glyphosate + tribenuron + carfentrazone but was not affected with other treatments. Based on these results, there is potential for using glyphosate plus tribenuron or carfentrazone for preplant weed management in dry bean production.

Response of Four Dry Bean Market Classes to Pre-Emergence Applications of Pyroxasulfone, Sulfentrazone and Pyroxasulfone plus Sulfentrazone

Only one herbicide mode of action (ALS inhibitor) is currently available to Ontario dry bean producers for soil-applied broadleaf weed control. Four field studies were conducted over two years (2014, 2015) to examine the tolerance of four market classes of dry beans to sulfentrazone (210 and 420 g·ai·ha-1) and pyroxasulfone (100 and 200 g·ai·ha-1) applied alone and in combination. The registration of these two herbicides would provide Ontario dry bean producers with two additional modes of action for broadleaf weed control. Pyroxasulfone caused up to 23%, 6%, 7% and 10% injury in adzuki, kidney, small red Mexican and white bean, respectively;sulfentrazone caused up to 51%, 12%, 15% and 44% injury and the combination caused up to 90%, 23%, 29% and 62% injury, respectively. Kidney and small red Mexican bean density, height, seed moisture content and yield were not affected. Pyroxasulfone (200 g·ai·ha-1) + sulfentrazone (420 g·ai·ha-1) reduced adzuki and white bean density, shoot dry weight, height and yield. This study concludes that pyroxasulfone (100 g·ai·ha-1) + sulfentrazone (210 g·ai·ha-1) applied PRE can be safely used to control weeds in Ontario kidney and small red Mexican bean production.

Tolerance of Four Dry Bean Market Classes to Pre-Emergence Applications of Sulfentrazone

Ontario dry bean growers are currently limited to ALS inhibitor herbicides for soilapplied broadleaf weed control;therefore another mode of action is needed. Sulfentrazone is a PPO inhibitor herbicide that has activity on some annual grass and broadleaf weed species. Four field trials were conducted over two years (2014, 2015) to determine the tolerance of four commonly grown dry bean market classes (adzuki, kidney, small red Mexican and white bean) to PRE applications of sulfentrazone at 140, 210, 280 and 420 g·ai·ha-1. Crop injury, plant height, plant density, shoot biomass, seed moisture content and yield were examined. Sulfentrazone (420 g·ai·ha-1) caused up to 74%, 22%, 30%, and 57% injury in adzuki, kidney, small red Mexican and white bean, respectively. Plant density, height and yield were not reduced for kidney or small red Mexican bean. Sulfentrazone (420 g·ai·ha-1) reduced white bean plant density, height and yield by 28%, 29% and 29%, respectively;and reduced adzuki bean plant density, height and yield by 51%, 34% and 57%, respectively. Overall, kidney and small red Mexican bean were the most tolerant to sulfentrazone, followed by white bean, and then adzuki. This study determined sulfentrazone applied PRE is safe for Ontario kidney bean and small red Mexican bean crops.

Dry Bean Sensitivity to Group 15 Herbicides Applied Preemergence

Field experiments (4 in total) were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in southwestern Ontario to compare the sensitivity of dry bean to four Group 15 herbicides applied preemergence (PRE). At 4 weeks after emergence (WAE), pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, dimethenamid-P and pyroxasulfone applied PRE at the 2X rate caused 5%, 9%, 9% and 14% visible injury in adzuki bean, 2%, 2%, 2% and 3% visible injury in kidney bean, 6%, 4%, 5% and 4% visible injury in small red Mexican (SRM) bean, and 9%, 6%, 8% and 9% visible injury in white bean, respectively. Pyroxasulfone reduced adzuki bean shoot biomass (m-1 row) 42% and height 12%. However, the other Group 15 herbicides did not reduce shoot biomass and height of adzuki bean. Kidney bean shoot biomass and height were not adversely affected by the Group 15 herbicides evaluated. S-metolachlor caused no adverse effect on SRM bean dry weight or height, but pethoxamid, dimethenamid-P and pyroxasulfone at the 2X rate reduced dry weight 26%, 28% and 28% and height 7%, 7% and 7% in SRM bean, respectively. Pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, dimethenamid-P, and pyroxasulfone applied PRE at the 2X rate reduced white bean dry weight 50%, 37%, 47% and 43% and height 16%, 10%, 16% and 15% in white bean, respectively. Pyroxasulfone (2X rate), applied PRE, reduced bean stand count and seed yield 12% and 7%, respectively. However, pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, and dimethenamid-P, applied PRE caused no decrease in stand count and seed yield of dry beans evaluated. In general, kidney and SRM bean are most tolerant, white bean is intermediate, and adzuki bean is most sensitive to Group 15 herbicides applied PRE.

Response of Eight Market Classes of Dry Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>L.) to Pendimethalin

There is little information on the tolerance of dry bean to pendimethalin. Field studies were conducted in 2007 to 2009 at Exeter, Ontario and in 2008 and 2009 at Ridgetown, Ontario to evaluate tolerance of black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto, Small Red Mexican and white bean to the pendimethalin applied preplant incorporated at 1080 and 2160 g.a.i.ha-1. Pendimethalin PPI caused minimal injury in most market classes of dry bean at 1 and 2 WAE. There was no injury in various market classes of dry bean with the low dose at 1 and 2 weeks after emergence (WAE). However, at the high dose there was 0 to 4% injury at 1 WAE and 0 to 7% injury at 2 WAE in black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto, SRM and white bean. Pendimethalin PPI was more injurious in white bean than in black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto and SRM bean. Pink and SRM bean exhibited the most tolerance to pendimethalin applied PPI at 1080 g.ai.ha-1 or 2160 g.ai.ha-1. Pendimethalin caused no adverse effect on plant height, shoot dry weight, seed moisture content and seed yield of black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto, SRM and white bean. Based on these results, there is an adequate margin of crop safety for pendimethalin applied PPI at the proposed dose of 1080 g.ai.ha-1 in black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto, SRM and white bean in Ontario.

2种红芸豆蛋白的提取及组分分析

分析比较了英国大红芸豆和山西小红芸豆主要营养成分和可溶性蛋白含量。并对2种红芸豆清蛋白提取工艺及功能性质、亚基组成进行了研究。结果表明:大小红芸豆主要营养成分具有显著性差异,可溶性蛋白含量均为清蛋白含量最高,分别为74.08%和66.50%;球蛋白含量分别为10.08%和13.05%;谷蛋白含量分别为7.23%和7.24%;醇溶蛋白含量分别为6.79%和6.12%。2种红芸豆提取优化结果表明:料液比对大红芸豆清蛋白提取率具有极显著影响(P<0.01),对小红芸豆清蛋白提取率具有显著影响(P<0.05);提取温度、提取时间只对大红芸豆清蛋白的提取率有显著影响(P<0.05)。溶解性分析表明:2种红芸豆的等电点均为p H 4.7。电泳分析表明,英国大红芸豆和山西小红芸豆清蛋白组成在19.0~44.0 k D范围有3个条带分布基本一致,分别为19、23、43 k D左右,在44.0~97.4 k D的分布不同。

小红豆淀粉的性质研究

研究测定了小红豆淀粉颗粒、糊及其凝胶等特性,发现其淀粉颗粒多呈椭圆形或卵形,偏光十字清晰,多呈＂X＂形;颗粒粒径范围为13~80μm,平均粒径34.8μm;X-光衍射图谱显示其结晶构型为C型,结晶度为50.9%。淀粉碘复合物可见光吸收光谱最大吸收波长为606 nm,相对直链淀粉含量36.5%,直链淀粉的链状葡聚糖结构比高直链玉米淀粉的要长。淀粉糊属于假塑性流体,抗剪切能力较差。淀粉糊10 h后基本完成凝沉,沉降积为53.1 mL,透明度比玉米淀粉高。小红豆淀粉糊的冷、热糊黏度稳定性较好。淀粉凝胶的硬度、内聚性、胶黏性和耐咀性在静置24 h后均增强,弹性减弱。

基于介质损耗因数的红小豆含水率测量方法研究

以红小豆为对象,研究测量信号频率(1kHz～1MHz)、含水率(13.8%～21.8%)、容积密度(747～851kg/m3)和温度(5～40℃)对介质损耗因数的影响规律,从理论上分析介质损耗因数的变化原因,建立500kHz条件下红小豆的介质损耗因数、容积密度和温度与含水率的数学模型,并验证模型的正确性。结果表明:在1kHz～1MHz频段内,红小豆的介质损耗因数随测量信号频率的增大而减小,却随含水率、容积密度和温度的增大而增大;可用三元二次方程表征含水率与介质损耗因数、容积密度和温度之间的关系,模型的决定系数为0.9882。

小红豆淀粉颗粒性质研究

[目的]为小红豆淀粉资源的开发提供理论依据。[方法]研究了小红豆淀粉的颗粒性质,包括颗粒的形貌、X光-衍射图样、溶解度与膨胀度,链淀粉含量、葡聚糖结构等,并与大红豆及荷包豆淀粉进行了对比。[结果]小红豆淀粉颗粒多为卵圆形,少数不规则,溶解度与膨胀度随温度变化程度不大,总体趋势平缓上升,X光-衍射呈现A型晶体图样,结晶度为18.01%,相对链淀粉含量为36.5%。[结论]该研究对于开发食用豆类淀粉资源具有启发作用。

小红豆抗菌蛋白的分离纯化及其功能活性

研究旨在从小红豆中分离纯化得到一种具有抗菌活性的蛋白,对其部分生物活性进行表征和研究。通过缓冲液抽提(NaAc-HAc,20 mmol/L,pH5.4)、硫酸铵分级沉降、Affi-gel blue gel亲和色谱、Sephadex SP C-25离子交换色谱及Sephadex G-50凝胶过滤色谱进行分离纯化,经十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析鉴定其相对分子质量,并对其抗真菌活性进行表征。结果表明,从小红豆中分离纯化出的一种抗菌蛋白,经SDS-PAGE鉴定达到电泳纯,且其相对分子质量约为4 kDa,通过纯化的抗菌蛋白对来自茄子、甜瓜及苦瓜的尖孢镰刀菌的抑制实验,证明此抗菌蛋白具有较强的抗真菌活性。从小红豆中分离纯化出的一种分子质量约为4 kDa的抗菌蛋白,其对真菌具有抑制作用,且其抑制率对浓度的依赖性较高。

赤小豆芽超氧化物歧化酶的提取条件研究

采用硫酸铵分步沉淀,以40％硫酸铵饱和度去除杂蛋白,以95％硫酸铵饱和度沉淀酶蛋白。结果表明在光照下培养的赤小豆芽超氧化物歧化酶的活性比未光照的对照组提高了54％,蛋白含量提高了30％,并测得在0～0.001mg/L范围内吲哚乙酸(IAA)对赤小豆芽超氧化物岐化酶活性起显著的促进作用,随赤小豆芽长的增加,其超氧化物岐化酶的活性呈上升趋势,子叶中赤小豆芽超氧化物岐化酶的活性较高。

赤小豆芽超氧化物歧化酶的性质研究

采用硫酸铵分步沉淀 ,以 40 %硫酸铵饱和度去除杂蛋白 ,以 95 %硫酸铵饱和度沉淀酶蛋白。酶的耐热性一般 ,抗胰蛋白酶水解能力强 ,该酶在紫外光区的吸收峰为 2 75nm ,呈现Cu .Zn

豆杰防除红小豆田阔叶杂草效果

为探讨豆杰在红小豆田应用的除草效果及安全性,采用了豆杰单用及混配三氟羧草醚、咪草烟、氟磺胺草醚于红小豆苗后处理。结果表明:豆杰在30及45g·hm-2剂量下单用及豆杰30g·hm-2+咪草烟1 500mL·hm-2混用,对红小豆田鸭跖草、刺儿菜和苣荬菜等阔叶杂草有良好的防效,施药后对红小豆株高略有影响,但7d左右恢复生长,对产量无影响,可安全用于红小豆田除草。

即食小豆粉的研制

以红小豆为主料 ,配以奶粉、白砂糖等加工制成方便食品。主要介绍了生产工艺 ,着重分析了影响产品质量的几个因素 。

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定黑豆和红小豆中15种元素

采用ICP—AES法同时测定黑豆和红小豆中Na，Sn，Ca，Zn，Cu，Mg，Al，Fe，P，K，Si，Se，Ba，Mn，M015种元素含量，并对各元素进行了加标回收实验，黑豆和红小豆中各元素的平均回收率在93．11％～102．15％，相对标准偏（RSD）在0．83％0～2．8％，检出限介于0．11～14．09Fg／L。建立了简便、快速、准确和稳定的测定黑豆和红小豆中元素的测定方法。结果显示在黑豆和红小豆中K，Ca，P，Mg，Mn，Fe，Zn等常量元素和微量元素含量较高。红小豆中Ca，Mg，Fe，Zn等营养元素的含量较黑豆中的高。

亚热带低山丘陵区春性饲料作物与玉米不同间作系统的比较评价

１９９１～１９９４年，在四川雅安进行了几种春性饲料（小鹅草、红薯、赤豆、赤小豆、籽粒苋）分别与玉米间套作比较试验，结果表明，玉米间红薯（刈青１次或３次）两间作系统的间套作物获得了很高的饲料价值（ＤＭ５２１０～５５８０ｋｇ／ｈａ，ＴＤＯＭ３７９０～４０７０ｋｇ／ｈａ，ＣＰ６７０～７００ｋｇ／ｈａ，ＭＥ３．２２～３．４９×１０４ＭＪ／ｈａ），特别是大量代谢能；玉米间籽粒苋、赤小豆和赤豆三间作系统也获得了较高的饲料价值（ＤＭ１７５０～３３６０ｋｇ／ｈａ，ＴＤＯＭ１１１０～１４８０ｋｇ／ｈａ，ＣＰ３８０～５７０ｋｇ／ｈａ，ＭＥ０．７９～０．９８×１０４ＭＪ／ｈａ）；以上５间作系统玉米产量在稍低于对照（单作玉米），但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．

红小豆栽培技术的研究

论述引种扩种红小豆应掌握的主要技术环节。

红小豆优质高产栽培技术

本文主要介绍了红小豆优质高产栽培技术，为我国实现红小豆优质、高产、高经济效益奠定技术基础。