Research on aiming methods for small sample size shooting tests of two-dimensional trajectory correction fuse

The longitudinal dispersion of the projectile in shooting tests of two-dimensional trajectory corrections fused with fixed canards is extremely large that it sometimes exceeds the correction ability of the correction fuse actuator.The impact point easily deviates from the target,and thus the correction result cannot be readily evaluated.However,the cost of shooting tests is considerably high to conduct many tests for data collection.To address this issue,this study proposes an aiming method for shooting tests based on small sample size.The proposed method uses the Bootstrap method to expand the test data;repeatedly iterates and corrects the position of the simulated theoretical impact points through an improved compatibility test method;and dynamically adjusts the weight of the prior distribution of simulation results based on Kullback-Leibler divergence,which to some extent avoids the real data being"submerged"by the simulation data and achieves the fusion Bayesian estimation of the dispersion center.The experimental results show that when the simulation accuracy is sufficiently high,the proposed method yields a smaller mean-square deviation in estimating the dispersion center and higher shooting accuracy than those of the three comparison methods,which is more conducive to reflecting the effect of the control algorithm and facilitating test personnel to iterate their proposed structures and algorithms.;in addition,this study provides a knowledge base for further comprehensive studies in the future.

Metal Corrosion Rate Prediction of Small Samples Using an Ensemble Technique

Accurate prediction of the internal corrosion rates of oil and gas pipelines could be an effective way to prevent pipeline leaks.In this study,a proposed framework for predicting corrosion rates under a small sample of metal corrosion data in the laboratory was developed to provide a new perspective on how to solve the problem of pipeline corrosion under the condition of insufficient real samples.This approach employed the bagging algorithm to construct a strong learner by integrating several KNN learners.A total of 99 data were collected and split into training and test set with a 9:1 ratio.The training set was used to obtain the best hyperparameters by 10-fold cross-validation and grid search,and the test set was used to determine the performance of the model.The results showed that theMean Absolute Error(MAE)of this framework is 28.06%of the traditional model and outperforms other ensemblemethods.Therefore,the proposed framework is suitable formetal corrosion prediction under small sample conditions.

Evaluation of a software positioning tool to support SMEs in adoption of big data analytics

Big data analytics has been widely adopted by large companies to achieve measurable benefits including increased profitability,customer demand forecasting,cheaper development of products,and improved stock control.Small and medium sized enterprises(SMEs)are the backbone of the global economy,comprising of 90%of businesses worldwide.However,only 10%SMEs have adopted big data analytics despite the competitive advantage they could achieve.Previous research has analysed the barriers to adoption and a strategic framework has been developed to help SMEs adopt big data analytics.The framework was converted into a scoring tool which has been applied to multiple case studies of SMEs in the UK.This paper documents the process of evaluating the framework based on the structured feedback from a focus group composed of experienced practitioners.The results of the evaluation are presented with a discussion on the results,and the paper concludes with recommendations to improve the scoring tool based on the proposed framework.The research demonstrates that this positioning tool is beneficial for SMEs to achieve competitive advantages by increasing the application of business intelligence and big data analytics.

Potential Hazards of Eruptions around the Tianchi Caldera Lake, China

Since the eruption of the Tianchi volcano about 1000 years ago, there have been at least 3 to 5 eruptions of small to moderate size. In addition, hazardous avalanches, rock falls and debris flows have occurred during periods between eruptions. A future eruption of the Tianchi volcano is likely to involve explosive interaction between magma and the caldera lake. The volume of erupted magma is almost in a range of 0.1-0.5 km3. Tephra fallout may damage agriculture in a large area near the volcano. If only 1% of the lake water were ejected during an eruption and then precipitated over an area of 200 km2, the average rainfall would be 100 mm. Moreover, lahars are likely to occur as both tephra and water ejected from the caldera lake fall onto flanks of the volcano. Rocks avalanching into the caldera lake also would bring about grave hazards because seiches would be triggered and lake water with the volume equal to that of the landslide would spill out of the existing breach in the caldera and cause flooding downstream.

Reliability Assessment for the Solenoid Valve of a High-Speed Train Braking System under Small Sample Size

Reliability assessment of the braking system in a high?speed train under small sample size and zero?failure data is veryimportant for safe operation. Traditional reliability assessment methods are only performed well under conditions of large sample size and complete failure data,which lead to large deviation under conditions of small sample size and zero?failure data. To improve this problem,a new Bayesian method is proposed. Based on the characteristics of the solenoid valve in the braking system of a high?speed train,the modified Weibull distribution is selected to describe the failure rate over the entire lifetime. Based on the assumption of a binomial distribution for the failure probability at censored time,a concave method is employed to obtain the relationships between accumulation failure prob?abilities. A numerical simulation is performed to compare the results of the proposed method with those obtained from maximum likelihood estimation,and to illustrate that the proposed Bayesian model exhibits a better accuracy for the expectation value when the sample size is less than 12. Finally,the robustness of the model is demonstrated by obtaining the reliability indicators for a numerical case involving the solenoid valve of the braking system,which shows that the change in the reliability and failure rate among the di erent hyperparameters is small. The method is provided to avoid misleading of subjective information and improve accuracy of reliability assessment under condi?tions of small sample size and zero?failure data.

Small for size syndrome difficult dilemma: Lessons from 10 years single centre experience in living donor liver transplantation

AIM To analyze the incidence, risk factors, prevention, treatment and outcome of small for size syndrome(SFSS) after living donor liver transplantation(LDLT). METHODS Through-out more than 10 years: During the period from April 2003 to the end of 2013, 174 adult-to-adults LDLT(A-ALDLT) had been performed at National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University, Shibin Elkoom, Egypt. We collected the data of those patients to do this cohort study that is a single-institution retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database analyzing the incidence, risk factors, prevention, treatment and outcome of SFSS in a period started from the end of 2013 to the end of 2015. The median period of follow-up reached 40.50 m, range(0-144 m). RESULTS SFSS was diagnosed in 20(11.5%) of our recipients. While extra-small graft [small for size graft(SFSG)], portal hypertension, steatosis and left lobe graft were significant predictors of SFSS in univariate analysis(P = 0.00, 0.04, 0.03, and 0.00 respectively); graft size was the only independent predictor of SFSS on multivariate analysis(P = 0.03). On the other hand, there was lower incidence of SFSS in patients with SFSG who underwent splenectomy [4/10(40%) SFSS vs 3/7(42.9%) no SFSS] but without statistical significance, However, there was none significant lower incidence of the syndrome in patients with right lobe(RL) graft when drainage of the right anterior and/or posterior liver sectors by middle hepatic vein, V5, V8, and/or right inferior vein was done [4/10(28.6%) SFSS vs 52/152(34.2%) no SFSS]. The 6-mo, 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-and 10-year survival in patients with SFSS were 30%, 30%, 25%, 25%, 25% and 25% respectively, while, the 6-mo, 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-and 10-year survival in patients without SFSS were 70.1%, 65.6%, 61.7%, 61%, 59.7%, and 59.7% respectively, with statistical significant difference(P = 0.00). CONCLUSION SFSG is the independent and main factor for occurrence of SFSS after A-ALDLT leading to poor outcome. However, the management of this catastrophe depends upon its prevention(i.e., selecting graft with proper size, splenectomy to decrease portal venous inflow, and improving hepatic vein outflow by reconstructing large draining veins of the graft).

Industrial Preparation and Acid Resistance of Ultra-stable Y Zeolite with Small Cell Size Produced by Gas-phase Method

Small-cell HSY-S zeolite prepared by the gas-phase ultra-stable method had been researched and developed,and industrial preparation tests of HSY-S have been successfully carried out for the first time.The acid resistance of industrially prepared HSY-S was investigated by acid solutions with different pH values.The structures and properties of HSY-S and its acid-treated samples were characterized by XRD,XRF,BET,and IR.Results show that the HSY-S samples have the characteristics of high crystallinity,good stability,large specific surface area,and good acid resistance.

Study on the Topographic Effect on Soil Erosion Using RUSLE Model for Small Size Watershed

Soil erosion and subsequent sedimentation have caused serious environmental and soil degradation problems in Okinawa Prefecture,Japan.This research aims at evaluating an availability of the Revised Universal Soil loss Equation（RUSLE） for predicting the range of soil loss values for the Nago watershed in Okinawa.It shows that climatic conditions substantially influence the rainfall amount as a function of the I30 of the rainfall event.The rate of soil loss is higher with increasing in altitude due to greater slope steepness.By rainfall data analysis,it is concluded that the large difference in soil loss between 2000 and 2001 was due to concentrated heavy rainfall in the rainy season or the typhoon season.

Synthesis of ZSM-5 Zeolite with Small Crystallite and its Application in Aromatiration of Propane

By optimizing the orystallization condition, a procedure for the synthesis of small crystallite zeolite ZSM-5 was developed. Compared with the larger crystallite ZSM-5. the smaller one exhibits higher catalytic performance in aromatization reaction of propane.

Study of Magnetic Force Distribution for Electromagnetic V-shape Bending Forming of Small Size Flat Sheet

Electromagnetic V-shape bending of small size sheet blank is investigated numerically and experimentally. Three-dimensional electromagnetic field models are established to calculate the magnetic force distribution on the sheet by software ANSYS / EMAG. Series of electromagnetic V-shape bending forming experiments are presented,in which small size uniform pressure coil and big size round flat spiral coil are used. The results show that small size uniform pressure coil is not suitable for electromagnetic forming of small size flat sheet,and the coil is susceptible to failure such as bulging,ablation and cracking. When the plane dimension of round flat spiral coil is bigger than sheet blank sizes,the induced current crowding effect will be resulted which seriously influence the magnetic force distribution on the sheet. In this case,magnetic force distribution can be adjusted through the change of the relative position between coil and sheet,the desired deformation can be obtained finally. Therefore,big size round flat spiral coil can be well applied to electromagnetic V-shape bending forming of small size flat sheet.

A review of soldering by localized heating

In recent years,the rapid development of the new energy industry has driven continuous upgrading of high-density and high-power devices.In the packaging and assembly process,the problem of differentiation of the thermal needs of different modules has become increasingly prominent,especially for small-size solder joints with high heat dissipation in high-power devices.Localized soldering is con-sidered a suitable choice to selectively heat the desired target while not affecting other heat-sensitive chips.This paper reviews several local-ized soldering processes,focusing on the size of solder joints,soldering materials,and current state of the technique.Each localized solder-ing process was discovered to have unique characteristics.The requirements for small-size solder joints are met by laser soldering,microres-istance soldering,and self-propagating soldering;however,laser soldering has difficulty meeting the requirements for large heat dissipation,microresistance soldering requires the application of pressure to joints,and self-propagating soldering requires ignition materials.However,for small-size solder junctions,selective wave soldering,microwave soldering,and ultrasonic soldering are not appropriate.Because the magnetic field can be focused on a tiny area and the output energy of induction heating is large,induction soldering can be employed as a significant trend in future research.

经济全球化与中小企业分工协作体系——兼谈加入WTO后南京中小企业发展的模式选择

Since the 1980s, the defect of same professions and same products between large and small enterprisces, and, among the samll and medium - sized enterprises(SME), has lowered the competitive force of China’s industry as a whole, restrained the SME from a good development way. WTO and economic globalization bring more opportunities and condition than challenges to SME for its restructuring. According to this thesis, most of the SME should enter into the specialization and coordination system in which large enterprises is dominator, more than now SME should enter into the international specialization and coordination system, and others would choose the model of "aggregation". In the last part of this paper, the author makes a comparative analysis Of three models conducting representatively in Shenzhen, Wenzhou and "Suxichang" (south Jiangsu province). The author stresses that Naming should comprehensively use the advantage of" Shenzhen model" and" Suxichang model" for reference.

Efficient production of biodiesel from both esterification and transesterification over supported SO^(2-)_4–MoO_3–ZrO_2–Nd_2O_3/SiO_2 catalysts

SO2-4–Mo O3–Zr O2–Nd2O3/Si O2（SMZN/Si O2） catalysts for the production of biodiesel via both esterification and transesterification were prepared and characterized by N2adsorption-desorption isotherms,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,thermogravimetry analysis（TGA）,ammonia adsorption Fourier transform infrared spectra（NH3-FTIR）,and ammonia adsorption temperature programmed desorption（NH3-TPD） to reveal the dependence of the stable catalytic activity on calcination time. The reason for catalyst deactivation was also studied. The calcination time remarkably affected the types of active centers on SMZN/Si O2-2,and 4 h was found to be the optimal calcination time. SO4 species bonded with small size Zr O2 were found to be the stable active centers,where the leaching of SO2-4and the deposition of coke were inhibited. The deposition of coke was easier on large size Zr O2 than on small size ones. Calcination in air flow could eliminate the deposited coke to recover the deactivated catalysts.

3D Seismic Acquisition Technology and Effect in HX Volcanic Area in Liaohe Depression

Multi-stages volcanic are available in HX area, shielding the seismic waves. Previous seismic acquisitions of large size bin, less fold coverage and narrow azimuth result in indistinct fault images, low S/N ratio and the difficulty of multi-stages volcanic characterization. In reference to the successful experience of domestic and overseas volcanic exploration, the low frequency excitation and receiving, and survey with wide range, high coverage, wide azimuth should be paid more attention, associated with two-dimensional and three-dimensional wave equation forward modeling and real data processing contrast analysis method. The image of underlying strata and fault are remarkably improved in the new method, according to the processing results of new seismic data. The new method will provide technical reference for the similar volcanic development area in the future seismic acquisition design.

Register Allocation Compilation Technique for ASIP in 5G Micro Base Stations

The currently available compilation techniques are for general computing and are not optimized for physical layer computing in 5G micro base stations.In such cases,the foreseeable data sizes and small code size are application specific opportunities for baseband algorithm optimizations.Therefore,the special attention can be paid,for example,the specific register allocation algorithm has not been studied so far.The compilation for kernel sub-routines of baseband in 5G micro base stations is our focusing point.For applications of known and fixed data size,we proposed a compilation scheme of parallel data accessing,while operands can be mainly allocated and stored in registers.Based on a small register group(48×32b),the target of our compilation scheme is the optimization of baseband algorithms based on 4×4 or smaller matrices,maximizing the utilization of register files,and eliminating the extra register data exchanging.Meanwhile,when data is allocated into register files,we used VLIW(Very Long Instruction Word)machine to hide the time of data accessing and minimize the cost of data accessing,thus the total execution time is minimum.Experiments indicate that for algorithms with small data size,the cost of data accessing and extra addressing can be minimized.

Reliability Assessment Method Based on Interference Variable for Stress-Strength Model

Stress-strength model is a basic and important tool for reliability analysis.There are few methods to assess the confidence limit of interference reliability when the distribution parameters of stress and strength are all unknown.A new assessment method of interference reliability is proposed and the estimates of the distribution parameters are accordingly given.The lower confidence limit of interference reliability with given confidence can be obtained with the method even though the parameters are all unknown.Simulation studies and an engineering application are conducted to validate the method,which suggest that the method provides precise estimates even for sample size of approximately.

Profitability of RE-Technology Regarding the Economic Environment:A Case Study of Swiss SMEs

Considering the important changes in the Swiss energy sector, especially in renewable energy(RE)technologies, new revenue possibilities for small and medium sized enterprises(SMEs) emerge. However, the adaption of RE-technologies for Swiss enterprises relies on tangible financial returns, based on complex calculations. This article analyses business opportunities(BOs) of eight Swiss SMEs considering the net present value of RE-investments in an uncertain economic environment. We identify two profitable BOs for Swiss SMEs and three which are not profitable. Further, the article demonstrates that the profitability of such investments remains mostly positive even under economic uncertainties. Surprisingly the profitability does not change significantly if the SME receives a subsidy or not. The support instrument of the Swiss Government has not a ponderous impact on the decision to invest in RE-technologies or not. Therefore, the article emphasizes the importance of including SME in the Swiss attempt to decentralize the energy market.

Unilateral hypoplastic kidney in adults:An experience of a tertiarylevel urology center

BACKGROUND Unilateral small-sized kidney is a radiological term referring to both the congenital and acquired causes of reduced kidney volume.However,the hypoplastic kidney may have peculiar clinical and radiological characterizations.AIM To evaluate the clinical presentations,complications,and management approaches of the radiologically diagnosed unilateral hypoplastic kidney.METHODS A retrospective review of the records of patients with a radiological diagnosis of unilateral hypoplastic kidney between July 2015 and June 2020 was done at Assiut Urology and Nephrology Hospital,Assiut University,Egypt.RESULTS A total of 33 cases were diagnosed to have unilateral hypoplastic kidney with a mean(range)age of 39.5±11.2(19-73)years.The main clinical presentation was loin pain(51.5%),stone passer(9.1%),anuria(12.1%),accidental discovery(15.2%),or manifestations of urinary tract infections(12.1%).Computed tomography was the most useful tool for radiological diagnosis.However,radioisotope scanning could be requested for verification of surgical interventions and nephrectomy decisions.Urolithiasis occurred in 23(69.7%)cases and pyuria was detected in 22(66.7%)cases where the infection was documented by culture and sensitivity test in 19 cases.While the non-complicated cases were managed by assurance only(12.1%),nephrectomy(15.2%)was performed for persistent complications.However,symptomatic(27.3%)and endoscopic(45.6%)approaches were used for the management of correctable complications.CONCLUSION Unilateral hypoplastic kidney in adults has various complications that range from urinary tract infections to death from septicemia.Diagnosis is mainly radiological and management is usually conservative or minimally invasive.

Doping engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles towards high performance and biocompatible T_(1)-weighted MRI contrast agents

Extremely small-sized iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs) are of great interest in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) due to their biosafety as an alternative to clinical gadolinium(Ⅲ) complexes-based contrast agents.Especially when the particle size is less than 10 nm,it has strong diffusion ability and deep penetration distance in tumor tissue.Substitution doping can significantly enhance the T_(1)contrast effect of nanoparticles by regulating the surface exposed atoms.However,the nucleation and growth processes of multi-component synthesis systems are complex and difficult to be accurately controlled,leading to great challenges in the synthesis of ultra-small-sized nanoparticles with different components and sizes.Here,extremely smallsized superparamagnetic gadolinium-doped iron oxide nanoparticles(GdIONPs,Gd_(x)Fe_(3-x)O_(4) NPs) with adjustable doping amount and controllable size in the range of 3.5-7.5 nm were synthesized by thermal decomposition.Then,as-synthesized GdIONPs were surface modified with a highly water-soluble and biocompatible carboxyl-polyethylene glycol-phosphoric acid ligand with high binding affinity.Gd_(0.65)Fe_(2.35)O_(4) NPs exhibited very high r_(1) relaxivity of 10.6 mmol^(-1)·L·s^(-1) in terms of all metal concentrations and 49.0 mmol^(-1)·L·s^(-1) in terms of gadolinium alone,respectively,3 and 14 times higher than clinical T_(1) contrast agents(Gd-DTPA).GdIONPs can continuously obtain high resolution images of blood vessels,and can be used as an efficient and multifunctional contrast agent for MR T_(1)imaging.This stable and efficient doping strategy provides an easy and effective method to individually optimize the magnetic properties of complex oxides and their relaxation effects for a variety of biomedical applications.

Full well capacity and quantum efficiency optimization for small size backside illuminated CMOS image pixels with a new photodiode structure

To improve the full well capacity （FWC） of a small size backside illuminated （BSI） CMOS image sensor （CIS）, the effect of photodiode capacitance （Cpo） on FWC is studied, and a reformed pinned photodiode （PPD） structure is proposed. Two procedures are implemented for the optimization. The first is to form a varying doping concentration and depth stretched new N region, which is implemented by an additional higher-energy and lower-dose N type implant beneath the original N region. The FWC of this structure is increased by extending the side wall junctions in the substrate. Secondly, in order to help the enlarged well capacity achieve full depletion, two step P-type implants with different implant energies are introduced to form a P-type insertion region in the interior of the stretched N region. This vertical inserted P region guarantees that the proposed new PD structure achieves full depletion in the reset period. The simulation results show that the FWC can be improved from 1289e- to 6390e-, and this improvement does not sacrifice any image lag performance. Additionally, quantum efficiency （QE） is enhanced in the full wavelength range, especially 6.3% at 520 nm wavelength. This technique can not only be used in such BSI structures, but also adopted in an FSI pixel with any photodiode-type readout scheme.