The slope-gully erosion relationship in small catchments of the middle reaches of the Yellow River has long been a topic concerned by relevant departments in China Slope-gully relationship in typical small catchment i...The slope-gully erosion relationship in small catchments of the middle reaches of the Yellow River has long been a topic concerned by relevant departments in China Slope-gully relationship in typical small catchment is determined determined on the concept of net increase of sediment yield by using analytical method of sediment formation at different positions in the catchment The result shows that sediments in a small catchment in the middle reaches of the Yellow River mainly come from slopes. ms paper indicated that the sediment sources from slopes are roughly 55, 60, 78 and 85 % of the total sediment yield of a small catchment in Yangdaogou. Wangjiagou. Jiuyuangou and Nanxiaohegou, respectively, due to impacts of varying degress from slope runoff.展开更多
Background: Some studies have suggested that among all cases of lung cancer, the outcome of lung cancer located in the right middle lobe (RML) is the worst. However, with the advances in the diagnosis and treatment me...Background: Some studies have suggested that among all cases of lung cancer, the outcome of lung cancer located in the right middle lobe (RML) is the worst. However, with the advances in the diagnosis and treatment methods of lung cancer over the last couple of decades, we investigated whether the prognosis of primary lung cancer located in the RML still remains inferior to that of lung cancer arising from other lobes. Methods: Between July 2003 and December 2011, 505 consecutive patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) underwent surgical resection at our institution. Of these, 32 patients (6.3%) had tumors arising from the RML. Results: The rate of incomplete resection was higher for cancer located in the RML than that for cancer arising from other lobes. Significant associations were noted between cancer located in the RML and the rate of lymph node metastasis and initial locoregional recurrence. Multivariate analysis identified lymph node metastasis and location in the RML as independent risk factors influencing the recurrence-free survival (p = 0.006), although location in the RML was not extracted as an independent risk factor influenceing the overall survival (p = 0.060). Conclusion: Despite the recent advances in the treatment of lung cancer, evaluation of complete resection revealed that the outcome of cancer located in the RML is still the worst among cancer of all the lobes. Further early diagnosis and adjuvant therapy are needed for improving the prognosis of cancer located in the RML.展开更多
From the background of small peasant management and information asymmetry,this paper introduced the middle profit sharing model and discussed influence factors and ownership of pricing power of agricultural products. ...From the background of small peasant management and information asymmetry,this paper introduced the middle profit sharing model and discussed influence factors and ownership of pricing power of agricultural products. It obtained following results:( i) the transaction scale has positive effect on farmer's pricing power of agricultural products,while the competitor's transaction scale has negative effect on it,so does the cost for information search;( ii) under the condition of small peasant management system,farmer is in a relatively weak position in the distribution of pricing power of agricultural products,due to factors such as small transaction scale,information asymmetry and farmer's weak negotiation ability;( iii) through cooperative game,farmer and buyers can share cooperative surplus at the agreed ratio;( iv) the introduction of self-organizing specialized farmers cooperatives is favorable for solving the problem of pricing power of agricultural products,and possible problems,such as " collective action dilemma" and " fake cooperatives" in the cooperative development process can be solved by internal and external division of labor and specialization of cooperatives.展开更多
文摘The slope-gully erosion relationship in small catchments of the middle reaches of the Yellow River has long been a topic concerned by relevant departments in China Slope-gully relationship in typical small catchment is determined determined on the concept of net increase of sediment yield by using analytical method of sediment formation at different positions in the catchment The result shows that sediments in a small catchment in the middle reaches of the Yellow River mainly come from slopes. ms paper indicated that the sediment sources from slopes are roughly 55, 60, 78 and 85 % of the total sediment yield of a small catchment in Yangdaogou. Wangjiagou. Jiuyuangou and Nanxiaohegou, respectively, due to impacts of varying degress from slope runoff.
文摘Background: Some studies have suggested that among all cases of lung cancer, the outcome of lung cancer located in the right middle lobe (RML) is the worst. However, with the advances in the diagnosis and treatment methods of lung cancer over the last couple of decades, we investigated whether the prognosis of primary lung cancer located in the RML still remains inferior to that of lung cancer arising from other lobes. Methods: Between July 2003 and December 2011, 505 consecutive patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) underwent surgical resection at our institution. Of these, 32 patients (6.3%) had tumors arising from the RML. Results: The rate of incomplete resection was higher for cancer located in the RML than that for cancer arising from other lobes. Significant associations were noted between cancer located in the RML and the rate of lymph node metastasis and initial locoregional recurrence. Multivariate analysis identified lymph node metastasis and location in the RML as independent risk factors influencing the recurrence-free survival (p = 0.006), although location in the RML was not extracted as an independent risk factor influenceing the overall survival (p = 0.060). Conclusion: Despite the recent advances in the treatment of lung cancer, evaluation of complete resection revealed that the outcome of cancer located in the RML is still the worst among cancer of all the lobes. Further early diagnosis and adjuvant therapy are needed for improving the prognosis of cancer located in the RML.
文摘From the background of small peasant management and information asymmetry,this paper introduced the middle profit sharing model and discussed influence factors and ownership of pricing power of agricultural products. It obtained following results:( i) the transaction scale has positive effect on farmer's pricing power of agricultural products,while the competitor's transaction scale has negative effect on it,so does the cost for information search;( ii) under the condition of small peasant management system,farmer is in a relatively weak position in the distribution of pricing power of agricultural products,due to factors such as small transaction scale,information asymmetry and farmer's weak negotiation ability;( iii) through cooperative game,farmer and buyers can share cooperative surplus at the agreed ratio;( iv) the introduction of self-organizing specialized farmers cooperatives is favorable for solving the problem of pricing power of agricultural products,and possible problems,such as " collective action dilemma" and " fake cooperatives" in the cooperative development process can be solved by internal and external division of labor and specialization of cooperatives.
