Theoretical and numerical research on the dynamic launch response of carbon fiber composite cartridges

Understanding the dynamic response of composite material cartridges during the firing process is of great significance for improving their reliability and safety.A theoretical model describing the dynamic response of composite material cartridges is established based on the thick-walled cylinder theory and rate-dependent constitutive model of composite materials.The correctness of the theoretical model is validated through finite element simulations of cartridge deformation.The influence of chamber pressure and cartridge wall thickness on the cartridge's deformation process and stress distribution is analyzed.The results indicate that the primary deformation of composite material cartridges inside the chamber is elastic deformation.Compared to metal cartridges,composite material cartridges require higher pressure for touching-chamber and are more prone to developing gaps after unloading to ensure smooth extraction.During the deformation process,the touching-chamber behavior of the cartridge can improve the stress distribution.Under the same chamber pressure,the touching-chamber behavior can reduce the circumferential stress by approximately 30%.The inner wall surface of the cartridge is a critical area that requires attention.The touching-chamber behavior can be facilitated by appropriately reducing the cartridge wall thickness while ensuring overall strength.This study can provide guidance for the optimization design of composite material cartridges.

Diagnostic utility of small-caliber and conventional endoscopes for gastric cancer and analysis of endoscopic false-negative gastric cancers

AIM: To analyze the diagnostic utility of a small-caliber endoscope(SC-E) and clinicopathological features of false-negative gastric cancers(FN-GCs). METHODS: A total of 21638 esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD) gastric cancer(GC) screening examinations were analyzed. Secondary endoscopic examinations(n = 3352) were excluded because most secondary examinations tended to be included in the conventional endoscopy(C-E) group. Detection rates of GCs and FN-GCs were compared between SC-E and C-E groups. FN-GC was defined as GC performed with EGD within the past 3 years without GC detection. Macroscopic types, histopathological characteristics and locations of FN-GCs were compared with firstly foundgastric cancers(FF-GCs) in detail. RESULTS: SC-E cases(n = 6657) and C-E cases(n = 11644), a total of 18301 cases, were analyzed. GCs were detected in 16(0.24%) SC-E cases and 40 C-E(0.34%) cases(P = 0.23) and there were 4 FN-GCs(0.06%) in SC-E and 13(0.11%) in C-E(P = 0.27), with no significant difference. FN-GCs/GCs ratio between SC-E and C-E groups was not significantly different(P = 0.75). The comparison of endoscopic macroscopic types of FN-GCs tended to be a less advanced type(P = 0.02). Histopathologically, 70.6% of FN-GCs were differentiated and 29.4% undifferentiated type. On the other hand, 43.0% of FF-GCs were differentiated and 53.8% undifferentiated type, so FN-GCs tended to be more differentiated type(P = 0.048). CONCLUSION: The diagnostic utility of SC-E for the detection of GCs and FN-GCs was not inferior to that of C-E. Careful observation for superficially depressed type lesions in the upper lesser curvature region is needed to decrease FN-GCs.

IN VIVO EFFECT OF HEPARIN PRETREATMENT OF SMALL-CALIBER DECELLULARIZED XENOGRAFT

Objective To develop a new vascular xenograft and to compare the in vivo behavior of thrombogenicity and intimal hyperplasia in the heparin-treated and the non-heparin-treated decellularized xenografts.Methods Canine common carotid arteries were decellularized by enzymatic and detergent extraction procedures.Then a part of decellularized vascular grafts were covalently linked with heparin.Xenografts with(n=24)and without(n=24)heparin treatment were implanted in rabbits' left and right carotid artery respectively as bypass grafts.Graft patency were checked by Duplex ultrasonography at 3 and 6 months after implantation.Twelve rabbits were euthanized randomly at 3 and 6 months respectively and bilateral grafts were explanted.Histological examination and immunohistochemical staining were performed to observe the vascular remodeling.The efficiency of heparin release was demonstrated with toluidine blue staining.HE staining and micrograph analysis system were used for valuating the intima hyperplasia(IH)of bilateral grafts.Results During implantation,thrombosis rate was 4% in the heparin-treated xenografts and 25% in the non-heparin-treated xenografts after 3 weeks(P<0.05).After 6 months,it was 8% versus 58% respectively(P<0.01).Both xenografts of two groups harvested at the end of 3 or 6 months showed a satisfactory cellular reconstruction of either smooth muscle cells or endothelial cells.Intimal hyperplasia in the heparin-treated vascular was less than in the non-heparin treated xenografts.In addition,intimal hyperplasia was liable to appear close to the proximal and distal anastomotic stoma.Toluidine blue staining demonstrated that heparin was slowly released during 6 months.Conclusion This study provides a new strategy to develop a small-caliber vascular xenograft through enzymatic-detergent extraction and heparin treatment.Heparin treatment of the decellularized xenograft is helpful for improving bypass graft patency and reducing intimal hyperplasia.If there was no thrombus,bilateral bypass grafts will undergo a vessel remodeling procedure.Canine common carotid artery treated by detergent and enzymatic extraction and heparin treatment may be used as a new small-caliber vascular xenograft.

Effect of Methanol in the Wash-Solvent Bottle and the OnGuard Cartridges on the Determination of Different Anions Using Ion Chromatography

The effect of using methanol in the flush-solvent bottle of the auto-sampler of Ion Chromatograph on the determination of sulfate ions was studied using AS11-HC 2 mm analytical column. The use of 50% methanol in the flush solvent bottle results in overestimation of sulfate concentration by 18%. However, the use of 10% methanol instead of 50% did not show such error in the determination of sulfate using the same column. Furthermore, the effect of using OnGuard-RP and OnGuard-P cartridges for sample pretreatment on the determination of different anions was also studies using AS14-HC 2 mm analytical column. The results indicate that using OnGuard-RP cartridge caused the concentration of fluoride, bromide, nitrate, phosphate and sulfate ions to be underestimated, whereas the concentration of chloride ions to be overestimated. The error in the determination of fluoride, bromide, nitrate, phosphate sulfate, and chloride was found to be 40.0%, 26.0%, 22.8%, 26.8%, 18.0%, and 25.0% of the certified standard concentration, respectively. It was also found that the use of OnGuard-P cartridge resulted in underestimation of fluoride, chloride, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate by 60.0%, 40.0%, 82.0%, 87.2%, 45.2%, and 39.0% of the certified standard concentration, respectively. These findings point out to careful corrections that should be considered in any application of ion chromatography utilizing such sample pretreatment.

Effect of swirling flow on platelet concentration distribution in small-caliber artificial grafts and end-to-end anastomoses

Platelet concentration near the blood vessel wall is one of the major factors in the adhesion of platelets to the wall.In our previous studies,it was found that swirling flows could suppress platelet adhesion in small-caliber artificial grafts and end-to-end anastomoses.In order to better understand the beneficial effect of the swirling flow,we numerically analyzed the near-wall concentration distribution of platelets in a straight tube and a sudden tubular expansion tube under both swirling flow and normal flow conditions.The numerical models were created based on our previous experimental studies.The simulation results revealed that when compared with the normal flow,the swirling flow could significantly reduce the near-wall concentration of platelets in both the straight tube and the expansion tube.The present numerical study therefore indicates that the reduction in platelet adhesion under swirling flow conditions in small-caliber arterial grafts,or in end-to-end anastomoses as observed in our previous experimental study,was possibly through a mechanism of platelet transport,in which the swirling flow reduced the near-wall concentration of platelets.

正负脉冲电压驱动的电磁螺纹插装阀动态特性分析

提出了一种基于PWM技术的正负脉冲电压控制策略,用于提高锥阀式电磁螺纹插装阀启闭动态响应速度,使其满足数字液压技术的要求。在分析电磁螺纹插装阀结构和工作原理基础上,建立了电磁螺纹插装阀的数学模型,并在AMESim软件中搭建电磁螺纹插装阀及其测试系统的多物理场耦合建模,研究不同正负脉冲电压持续时间条件下电磁螺纹插装阀线圈电流、阀芯位移、电磁力的变化规律,确定了电磁螺纹插装阀响应速度最快时正负脉冲电压控制策略的最优控制参数。利用半实物仿真系统搭建SCV硬件在环测试实验台,对所提正负脉冲控制策略进行验证。实验表明,与常规电压控制策略相比,当正负脉冲电压控制策略中正负脉冲电压持续时间都为10 ms时,电磁螺纹插装阀的开启时间由30 ms缩短到13.5 ms,其关闭时间由139 ms缩短到14 ms。研究结果为电磁螺纹插装阀的高响应化和数字液压技术的发展提供参考。

4个红心猕猴桃品种果实品质及氨基酸代谢研究

以4个红心猕猴桃品种(金红50、脐红、红阳及金红)为供试材料,通过物候期调查,果实品质、糖组分及氨基酸含量测定,研究果实品质及氨基酸代谢差异。结果表明,4个红心猕猴桃品种中,红阳果实成熟期相对较早,金红50和脐红果实成熟期相对较晚。金红50单果质量最大,脐红果实可溶性固形物含量、总酸含量及干物质含量最高,金红果实固酸比最高。红阳果实赖氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸含量及氨基酸总量最高。该研究对红心猕猴桃果实品质及氨基酸代谢进行探究,可为本地区种植户种植选择、猕猴桃产业发展提供参考。

桁架式自动插装机器人控制系统设计

为了解决人工插装电子元件存在的效率及合格率低等问题,面向中小型3C企业的低成本桁架式线路板插装机器的控制系统开发,以电容插装为例,完成系统的上料、拾取、检测和插件等控制过程的设计,利用数据库完成插装关键信息的存储。系统采用通讯方式完成桁架式机器人的运动控制,具有控制灵活、成本低的优点;利用光电检测技术完成电容引脚距离检测、利用扭矩检测完成电容插入状态的判断,具有时间短、效率高的优点。系统经过实验测试,各项指标均满足设计要求。

不同特性粉尘对滤筒有效脉冲清灰压力的影响研究

为改善不同特性粉尘的清灰问题,选取3种不同黏性、不同粒径的粉尘,开展工业覆粉实验以探究除尘器的运行阻力和滤筒清灰效果的变化。研究结果表明:粉煤灰的最低清灰压力达到748 Pa,即可实现有效清灰;对于黏性粉尘,粉尘粒径对清灰的影响更显著,细粉尘对应的系统压降和粉尘残余体积量明显高于粗粉尘,中等黏性的MgO粉体最低有效清灰压力需要达到1 425 Pa,超细MgO则需要更高;高黏性的CMC-Na粉体对应的系统压降、压降平稳时间和粉尘残余体积量都明显高于其他粉体,其有效清灰压力需要至少达到1 657 Pa,除尘系统才能长时间运行。研究结果可为工业应用收集不同特性粉尘提供理论参考。

滤筒除尘器喷吹孔孔径的优化

【目的】为控制各个喷吹管气流量的均匀性,对喷吹管上的喷吹孔径进行优化,提高滤筒除尘器清灰效果。【方法】自制高压脉冲喷吹气流量测量装置对现有喷吹管气流量进行测定,采用光纤传感分析仪测试除尘器滤筒各部分的侧壁压力峰值,分析各滤筒清灰效果不均匀的原因;以滤筒各部位侧壁压力峰值作为清灰均匀性效果评估指标,优化喷吹孔径。【结果】优化前4个喷吹孔径均为19 mm,喷吹孔的气流量依次为13.69、 14.78、 16.03、 16.93 L,对应4个滤筒上、中、下部侧壁压力峰值的最小值分别为最大值的37%、 26%、 20%,气流量均匀度标准差为1.41;优化后4个喷吹孔径分别为23、 20、 18、 17 mm,喷吹气流量依次为14.05、 15.08、 15.87、 16.13 L,对应4个滤筒上、中、下部测壁压力峰值的最小值为最大值的56%、 56%、 53%,气流量均匀度标准差降为0.93。【结论】优化后的喷吹管气流量均匀化程度提高,可实现滤筒除尘器的均匀清灰。

基于小样本数据驱动的弹壳打凹—平底成形工艺参数优化决策方法

针对某外贸款弹壳在调试生产中加工质量差和模具寿命短的问题,提出一种基于小样本数据驱动的弹壳打凹-平底成形工艺参数多目标优化与决策方法。首先,利用中心复合试验法设计试验,将各试验方案代入有限元模型中进行数值模拟,以仿真结果为基础采用随机森林算法建立弹壳打凹-平底成形工艺参数与打凹下冲头最大等效应力、平底上冲头最大等效应力和平底成形后弹壳内圆角的多目标优化模型。其次,应用改进多目标灰狼优化算法对多目标优化模型进行寻优并获得非劣解集,采用主客观综合熵权-优劣解距离法评价决策出最优工艺参数组合。最后,采用该优化工艺参数组合进行数值模拟和工艺试验,结果显示,模拟结果与工艺试验结果吻合,弹壳底部内圆角充填饱满,模具使用寿命得到提高。

On the effect of pitch and yaw angles in oblique impacts of smallcaliber projectiles

A terminal ballistic analysis of the effects of 7.62 mm × 51 AP P80 rounds on inclined high-strength armor steel plates is the focus of the presented study.The findings of an instrumented ballistic testing combined with 3D advanced numerical simulations performed using the IMPETUS Afea? software yielded the conclusions.The experimental verification proved that slight differences in the pitch-andyaw angles of a projectile upon an impact caused different damage types to the projectile’s core.The residual velocities predicted numerically were close to the experimental values and the calculated core deviations were in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results.An extended matrix of the core deviation angles with combinations of pitch-and-yaw upon impact angles was subsequently built on the basis of the numerical study.The presented experimental and numerical investigation examined thoroughly the influence of the initial pitch and yaw angles on the after-perforation projectile’s performance.

红心猕猴桃黑斑病气象条件分析及其评估模型

本研究基于2020—2022年在贵州米箩等20个红心猕猴桃基地进行的调查,以及同期气象资料分析,探讨了红心猕猴桃黑斑病发生与连阴雨天气的关联性。通过收集5月1日—7月31日逐日平均温度、降水量、平均相对湿度、平均低云量等气象资料,分析该期间连阴雨天气特征,结合黑斑病发生地、发病率,探讨了黑斑病与连阴雨天气的定量关系,确定了红心猕猴桃黑斑病发生的连阴雨天气指标阈值。研究发现,红心猕猴桃黑斑病与品种有较大的关系,且在5—7月红心猕猴桃果实生长期内,当连阴雨天气在15 d及以上,同时日平均温度在20.0℃及以上、日平均相对湿度在90%及以上、日平均低云量在0.90及以上时,红心猕猴桃果实极易感染黑斑病,该指标可以作为红心猕猴桃黑斑病发生的气象预警指标。根据这些发现,研究建立了红心猕猴桃黑斑病气象灾害评估模型,为红心猕猴桃生产开展黑斑病气象评估服务提供科学参考。

隧道周边孔切缝药包水间隔装药聚能爆破试验

勐省隧道Ⅳ级围岩掘进采用孔底连续装药爆破开挖,存在明显的超欠挖现象。为保证一次爆破成型,减少爆破对围岩和支护结构的扰动,在勐省隧道周边孔应用切缝药包水间隔装药聚能爆破技术,并开展现场试验。试验结果表明,相较于传统光面爆破,水间隔装药聚能爆破技术不仅有效控制了超欠挖,形成了平整轮廓线,且周边孔单孔药量降低了25%,孔距增加了100~300 mm,周边孔半孔率大于70%,节约了混凝土初喷量,避免了欠挖补炮,降低了对围岩的频繁爆破扰动。

基于二通插装阀的液压系统标准控制单元设计与研究

工程机械中普遍采用液压传动系统,要求系统集成化程度高,密封性好,能量损失小。鉴于此,基于二通插装阀的液压系统标准控制单元进行设计与研究。建立了三通集成块,并验证了其可行性。采用2个标准控制单元控制液压系统,列举了标准控制单元的12种控制功能。同时,搭建了系统仿真模型,验证了标准控制单元控制液压系统的合理性。仿真结果表明:标准控制单元控制的回路可实现液压缸的快进和负负载流量再生功能,达到节能的目的。

三层组合陶瓷复合装甲的抗侵彻性能及其损伤机制

为了研究相同面密度下Kevlar/SiC-TC4-超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)复合靶板的复合结构参数对其抗弹性能的影响和失效机理,选用4组不同厚度组合的靶板试样,并使用12.7 mm穿燃弹以相同着靶速度(488 m/s)进行弹道冲击实验。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究复合装甲板在弹道侵彻下的损伤模式。实验结果表明:在所述实验条件下8 mm+2 mm+10 mm厚度组合的Kevlar/SiC-TC4-UHMWPE复合靶板是最佳的抗侵彻工程应用结构;在同等面密度条件下,将1 mm厚陶瓷替换成同等面密度的TC4钛合金背板(约0.5 mm厚)时,复合装甲板的抗弹道侵彻性能提升了约29.69%,可见钛合金的结构参数对复合装甲板抗弹性能的影响权重大于SiC;钛合金背板面密度的增加不仅增强了对陶瓷的支撑作用,而且增加了弹-靶作用时间,提升了复合靶板的整体防护性能;12.7 mm穿燃弹侵彻后复合装甲板的损伤模式包括SiC碎裂、钛合金背板少量隆起变形及十字形拉伸撕裂损伤、UHMWPE层合纤维背板剪切断裂、层间分离和纤维拉伸;在整体复合装甲的设计中,应将高抗剪材料放置在背板的前几层,将高抗拉材料放置在背板后几层,以充分利用每种材料。

Simulation and Experimental Study of Staple Line Reinforcement Surgery

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of BM (basement membrane) and SIS (small intestine submucosa) composite extracellular matrix staple line reinforcement in surgical procedures through finite element modelling simulations and leak-proof performance experiments. The mechanical analyses of soft tissues with and without staple line reinforcement were performed by establishing finite element models of three tissues, namely, stomach, intestine and lungs, under the use scenarios of different anastomosis staple models;and the leak-proof performance of the staple line reinforcement was evaluated by simulating leak-proof experiments of gastric incision margins, intestinal sections, and lung incision margins in vitro. The results showed that the equivalent average stresses of the staple line reinforcement were increased by 20 kPa-68 kPa in gastric and intestinal tissues, and 8 kPa-22 kPa in lung tissues. and that the BM and SIS composite extracellular matrix staple line reinforcement could strengthen the anastomotic structure, and at the same time disperse the high stresses of the anastomosed tissues, which could effectively reduce the postoperative complications such as anastomotic bleeding and anastomotic leakage, and provide a safer and more effective optimized design for surgical mechanical anastomosis. It can effectively reduce postoperative complications such as anastomotic bleeding and anastomotic leakage, and provide a safer and more effective optimized design for surgical mechanical anastomosis.

弹壳打凹-平底成形工艺参数优化

为解决弹壳平底成形后壳体底部内圆角过大和平底上冲子开裂的问题,提出了一套弹壳打凹-平底成形工艺参数多目标优化设计方法。首先,采用中心复合实验方法,以打凹成形下冲子的凸起高度、圆角及锥角和打凹成形弹壳连皮厚度为设计变量进行实验设计,以打凹下冲子最大等效应力、平底上冲子最大等效应力和平底成形后弹壳内圆角为优化目标,结合SVR与GWO算法构建了弹壳底部打凹-平底成形工艺参数优化模型。其次,采用MOPSO算法在可行域内寻优,并联合TOPSIS和CRITIC构建了综合评价指标计算得出最佳工艺参数组合。最后,采用优化工艺参数组合进行数值模拟和工艺实验,结果显示,模拟结果与实验结果吻合,弹壳底部内圆角充填饱满,同时可避免模具折断失效。

某水下打桩锤主控阀缓冲装置建模与仿真

为研究某水下打桩锤缓冲装置的结构对主控阀缓冲性能的影响,介绍缓冲装置的结构组成和缓冲原理,考虑液压油泄漏导致主控阀腔内压力和温度的变化,结合热力学和流体动力学理论建立缓冲装置的动态数学模型,基于MATLAB/Simulink软件搭建仿真模型并进行仿真分析,研究液压系统回油背压、缓冲腔直径、泄漏缝隙高度和长度等参数对缓冲性能的影响规律。结果表明:打桩锤主控阀缓冲装置的泄漏缝隙高度、泄漏缝隙长度和缓冲腔直径对缓冲性能的影响显著,液压系统的回油背压影响相对较小。研究结果为主控阀缓冲装置的设计和结构参数的优化提供理论依据。

紫菜滤杂装备中吸滤装置动力学仿真及优化设计

针对现有紫菜滤杂装备存在工作效率低、易堵塞等缺点,设计一种无堵塞滤杂装备,其中吸滤装置由组合式滤筒、防异物堵塞的剔除装置等部分组成。基于拉格朗日方程,对吸滤装置进行动力学建模和仿真,分析多工况下滤缝宽度和滤筒转速两个参数对吸滤效率的影响。结果表明,滤缝宽度为0.6 mm、滤筒转速为200°/s(33 r/min)时,设备吸滤效率最高。基于仿真结果,确定三个试验因子的取值范围,以滤杂率和吸滤时间作为响应指标,利用Minitab软件设计三因素三水平试验,建立响应面回归模型。优化结果表明,当滤缝宽度为0.6 mm、滤筒转速为33 r/min、出料口流量为16 m 3/h时,滤杂率为98.44%,吸滤时间为2.72 min。