Cataract surgery in aged patients:phacoemul-sification or small-incision extracapsular cataract surgery

AIM:To evaluate the effects and safety of phacoemu-lsification(Phaco) or small-incision extracapsular cataract surgery(SICS) and intraocular lens(IOL) implantation for aged patients.METHODS:Totally 137 aged patients(149 eyes) underwent cataract operation in the case of stable systemic condition,the blood pressure less than 160/95mmHg,blood glucose less than 8mmol/L,and under the help of electrocardiogram surveillance by anesthesiologists during the operation.106 aged patients(114 eyes) underwent Phaco while 31 aged patients(35 eyes) underwent SICS.The postoperative visual acuity,corneal endothelial cell loss,surgery time and major complications were observed and analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:The best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) of ≥0.6 was achieved in 135 eyes(92.6%) at 1 month postoperatively(χ2=259.730,P<0.001).For aged patients,both Phaco and SICS could significantly improve visual acuity with no significant difference(χ2=4.535,P>0.05).Postoperative corneal endothelial cell loss was 18.6%,in PHACO group,the rate was 18.5%;in SICS group,the rate was 19.0%,the difference of which was no significant(χ2=0.102,P >0.05).The surgery time was different in two groups.No severe complications occurred.CONCLUSION:Both Phaco and SICS combined with IOL implantation for aged patients are effective and safe.Before surgery,detailed physical examination should be performed.When the systemic condition is stable,cataract surgery for aged patients is safe.

Comparison of clinical outcome of small-incision lenticule intrastromal keratoplasty and FS-LASIK for correction of moderate and high hyperopia

AIM:To compare the clinical outcome of small-incision lenticule intrastromal keratoplasty(s LIKE)and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)for correction of moderate and high hyperopia.METHODS:A case-controlled clinical study was performed.Twenty right eyes of 20 moderate and high hyperopia patients underwent s LIKE(s LIKE group)and 22 right eyes of 22 moderate and high hyperopia patients underwent FS-LASIK(FS-LASIK group)were enrolled in this study from October 2015 to October 2017.Visual acuity,refractive error,corneal thickness,and keratometry were compared between the groups before and 1 y postoperatively.RESULTS:The postoperative uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA)and uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)were improved in the two groups.The UNVA reached J1 in 15 eyes(75.0%)in the s LIKE group and 5 eyes(22.7%)in the FS-LASIK group 1 y after surgery(χ2=11.476,P=0.001).The UDVA was equal or better than the preoperative CDVA in 16 eyes(80.0%)in the s LIKE group and 8 eyes(36.4%)in the FS-LASIK group,respectively(X2=8.145,P=0.004).No eyes lost any line of best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in either group.The amount of postoperative residual hyperopia in the s LIKE group was significantly less than in the FS-LASIK group(Z=-2.841,P=0.004).The postoperative keratometry and corneal thickness were significantly higher in the s LIKE group than in the FS-LASIK group(t=4.411,10.279,P<0.001).The SRI and SAI of the s LIKE group were significantly higher than that in the FS-LASIK group.There was no statistically significant difference in mean decentration between the two groups.CONCLUSION:s LIKE has better visual and refractive outcome than FS-LASIK for correction of moderate and high hyperopia.

Visual outcome of manual small-incision cataract surgery:comparison of modified Blumenthal and Ruit techniques

AIM:To compare the efficacy and visual results of the modified Blumenthal and Ruit techniques for manual small-incision cataract surgery(MSICS).· METHODS:This was a prospective,non-randomized comparison of 129 patients with senile cataracts scheduled to undergo routine cataract surgery via either a superior scleral tunnel incision,i.e.,the Blumenthal technique(group 1,n = 64) or a temporal scleral tunnel incision,i.e.,the Ruit technique(group 2,n =65).MSICS and intraocular lens implantation were performed through an unsutured 6.5-to 7.0-mm scleral tunnel incision.Uncorrected and corrected visual acuity,intraoperative and postoperative complications,and surgically induced astigmatism calculated by simple subtraction were compared.Patients were examined at 1 day,1 week,1 month,and 3 months after surgery.· RESULTS:Both groups achieved good visual outcome with minor complications.Three months after surgery,the corrected visual acuity was 0.73 in the Blumenthal group and 0.69 in the Ruit group(P =0.29).The average(SD) postoperative astigmatism was 0.87(0.62) diopter(D) for the Blumenthal group and 0.86(0.62) D for the Ruit group.The mean(SD) surgically induced astigmatism was 0.55(0.45) D and 0.50(0.44) D for the Blumenthal and Ruit groups,respectively(P =0.52).Common complications were minimal hyphema and corneal edema.There was no statistically significant difference in the complication rate between the groups(P >0.05).· CONCLUSION:In MSICS,both the Blumenthal and Ruit techniques achieved good visual outcomes,with low complication rates.

Delayed diffuse lamellar keratitis after small-incision lenticule extraction related to immunoglobulin A nephropathy:A case report

BACKGROUND Diffuse lamellar keratitis(DLK)is a complication of laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(LASIK).This condition can also develop after small-incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)with a distinctive appearance.We report the case involving a female patient with delayed onset DLK accompanied by immunoglobulin A(IgA)nephropathy.CASE SUMMARY A 22-year-old woman was referred to our department for DLK and a decline in vision 1 mo after undergoing SMILE.The initial examination showed grade 2 DLK in the flap involving the central visual axis of the right eye.She was immediately administered with a large dose of a topical steroid for 30 d.However,the treatment was ineffective.Her vision deteriorated from 10/20 to 6/20,and DLK gradually worsened from grade 2 to 4.Eventually,interface washout was performed,after which her vision improved.DLK completely disappeared 2 mo after washout.Six months after SMILE,the patient was diagnosed with IgA nephropathy due to a 4-year history of interstitial hematuria.CONCLUSION DLK is a typical complication of LASIK but can also develop after SMILE.Topical steroid therapy was ineffective in our patient,and interface washout was required.IgA nephropathy could be one of the factors contributing to the development of delayed DLK after SMILE.

Incidence and risk factors for vitreous loss in residents performing manual small-incision cataract surgery

AIM: To assess the incidence of vitreous loss and associated risk factors in residents performing manual small-incision cataract surgery(MSICS). METHODS: The present retrospective record review study was performed on 490 patients who underwent MSICS performed between November 2018 and December 2019 by 7 third-year postgraduate residents. The study group comprised of patients having intraoperative vitreous prolapse. All the surgeries were performed under supervision of a trained assistant. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants at the time of surgery was 68.42±2.05 y. Of the 490 patients, 250 patients were male, and 240 patients were female(P=0.23). A total of 215(43.9%) eyes had mature white cataract, 185(37.8%) eyes had brown cataract, and 90(18.3%) eyes had immature senile cataract. The incidence of intraoperative vitreous loss among residents was 2%(10/490). Vitreous loss occurred during hydrodissection [1/10(10%)], nucleus delivery [3/10(30%)], irrigation and aspiration [5/10(50%)], and intraocular lens insertion [1/10(10%)]. Multivariate stepwise Logistic regression analysis confirmed immature senile cataract [odds ratio(OR)=3.99;P=0.02], irrigation and aspiration of cortical material(OR=3.07;P=0.03), and anterior capsular extension(OR=3.22, P=0.03) as independent risk factors for vitreous loss. CONCLUSION: Immature senile cataract, irrigation and aspiration of cortical material, and anterior capsular extension are independent risk factors for vitreous loss. Our findings may serve as a guide for future trainers or residents learning MSICS.

大隐静脉曲张手术方法的探讨

目的 探讨大隐静脉曲张的手术方法。方法 采用大隐静脉高位结扎加点式剥脱术治疗下肢静脉曲张 12 5例 ,观察其手术效果。结果 所有患者均取得较好的效果 ,术后无血肿发生 ,下肢湿疹样皮炎均明显好转。 6例下肢溃疡均愈合 ,色素沉着明显减退。皮肤点式切口的疤痕在术后 3～ 6个月逐渐消失。结论 采用大隐静脉高位结扎加点式剥脱术治疗下肢静脉曲张 ,操作简便、切口美观、创伤小。

小切口辅助腹腔镜巨大腹壁切口疝修补术的探讨

目的总结小切口辅助腹腔镜巨大切口疝修补术的经验。方法 2008年6月-2009年12月,采用小切口辅助腹腔镜修补巨大切口疝15例,疝环（12.3±3.4）cm,采用小切口切除疝囊并进行腹壁塑形。结果 15例均顺利完成手术,手术时间100-150 min,（123.3±15.9）min。小切口长度5-8 cm,（6.0±0.9）cm。术中发现隐匿疝6例,一并予以修补。浆液肿1例。术后住院时间4-8 d,（5.3±1.2）d。1例术后疼痛持续〉3个月,无切口感染和肠道及腹腔脏器损伤。全组随访12-30个月,（19.9±4.7）月,无复发。结论小切口辅助腹腔镜修补巨大切口疝是一种安全可靠的手术方法,术后并发症少,达到了腹壁塑形的效果。

Efficacy, safety, predictability, aberrations and corneal biomechnical parameters after SMILE and FLEx: Metaanalysis

AIM: To identify possible differences of efficacy, safety predictability, higher-order aberrations and cornea biomechnical parameters after small-incision lenticule extraction(SMILE) and femtosecond lenticule extraction(FLEx).· METHODS: A systematic literature retrieval was conducted in Medline,Embase and the Cochrane Library up to October, 2015. The included studies were subject to a Meta-analysis. Comparison between SMILE and FLEx was measured as pooled odds ratio(OR) or weighted mean differences(WMD). Of 95% confidence intervals(CI) were used to analyze data.·RESULTS: A total of seven studies were included Firstly, there were no differences in uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA) 20/20 or better(OR, 1.37; 95% CI0.69 to 2.69; P =0.37) and log MAR UDVA(WMD,-0.02;95% CI,-0.05 to 0.01; P =0.17) after SMILE versus FLEx We found no differences in corrected distance visua acuity(CDVA) unchanged(OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.46 to 2.11;P =0.97) and log MAR CDVA(WMD,-0.00; 95% CI,-0.01 to 0.01; P =0.90) either. Secondly, we found no differences in refraction within ±1.00 D(OR, 0.98; 95% CI0.13 to 7.28; P =0.99) and ±0.50 D(OR, 1.62; 95% CI0.62 to 4.28; P =0.33) of target postoperatively. Thirdly for higher-order aberrations, we found no differences in the total higher-order aberrations(WMD,-0.04; 95%CI,-0.09 to 0.01;P =0.14), coma(WMD,-0.04; 95% CI,-0.09 to 0.01; P =0.11), spherical(WMD, 0.01; 95% CI,-0.02 to0.03; P =0.60) and trefoil(WMD,-0.00; 95% CI,-0.04 to0.03; P =0.76). Furthermore, for corneal biomechanica parameters, we also found no differences(WMD, 0.08;95% CI,-0.17 to 0.33; P =0.54) after SMILE versus FLEx.·CONCLUSION: There are no statistically differences in efficacy, safety, predictability, higher-order aberrations and corneal biomechnical parameters postoperative between SMILE and FLEx.

巨大腹壁切口疝采用小切口辅助腹腔镜修补术的价值分析

目的对巨大腹壁切口疝采用小切口辅助腹腔镜修补术的价值进行研究。方法将62例巨大腹壁切口疝患者分为治疗组和对照组,均为31例,通过不同方法治疗后对两组患者临床治疗效果展开对比分析。结果治疗组患者手术时间、术中出血量、腹壁缺损大小、术后住院时间和并发症发生率均同对照组患者之间存在一定差异性,P<0.05。结论在治疗巨大腹壁切口疝临床上小切口辅助腹腔镜修补术临床效果较为理想。

腹横纹小切口疝气手术的临床治疗效果分析

目的:观察腹横纹小切口手术治疗疝气的临床效果。方法:2015年1月-2018年12月收治疝气患儿52例,随机分为两组,各26例。对照组给予常规手术治疗;观察组给予腹横纹小切口手术治疗。比较两组手术各项指标水平及术后并发症情况,以及患者的血清指标。结果:观察组手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量、切口长度、术后排气时间及并发症发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前两组患者的血清中C反应蛋白(CRP)、皮质醇(Cor)水平相差不大(P>0.05),术后,观察组CRP、Cor均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:采用腹横纹小切口手术治疗小儿疝气,术后并发症发生率相对较低,能够提升治疗效果。

预先使用抗菌药物在小儿急性阑尾炎小切口切除术复合术前应用的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨小切口切除术复合术前预先使用抗菌药物在小儿急性阑尾炎治疗中的应用效果。方法:选择2016年5月至2017年10月河南省平顶山市平煤神马医疗集团总医院收治的急性阑尾炎患儿110例,将所有患儿随机分为2组,各55例。对照组予以小切口切除术治疗,观察组在对照组基础上于术前预先使用抗菌药物治疗,比较两组手术情况、生活质量及切口感染发生率。结果:两组手术时间与切口长度相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患儿术后恢复时间显著短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组疼痛程度评分低于对照组,生活适应能力、睡眠质量、情感变化与精力四个维度生活质量评分均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后切口感染发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:于小切口切除术治疗前对急性阑尾炎患儿预先使用抗菌药物治疗可有效缩短术后恢复时间、减少切口感染发生可能性,有利于提高其生活质量,改善预后。

Standard manual capsulorhexis / Ultrasound phacoemulsification compared to femtosecond laser-assisted capsulorhexis and lens fragmentation in clear cornea small incision cataract surgery

Background:Femtosecond-laser assisted clear cornea cataract surgery may hold promise in safer and more effective procedures.We decided to perform a comparative study to standard manual incision phacoemulsification surgery.Methods:This is a single-center,single-intervention,and prospective comparative data evaluation of 133 consecutive cases subjected to cataract surgery.Group-A(Phaco),manual capsulorhexis&ultrasound phacoemulsification(n=66);Group-B femtosecond-laser assisted capsulorhexis and lens fragmentation(n=67),employing the LenSx laser(Alcon Surgical,Ft.Worth,TX).All cases were evaluated for refraction,visual acuity,keratometry,tomography,pachymetry,endothelial cell counts,intraocular pressure,and type of intraocular lens(IOL)implanted.The groups were matched for age,gender,pre-operative vision metrics,and cataract grade,and were followed up to 1 year.Results:In group-A post-operative uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)was 20/20 or better in 61.5%and 20/25 or better in 78.5%of the eyes.The femtosecond laser group-B had improved outcomes(p=0.075 and p=0.042,respectively):post-operative UDVA was 20/20 or better in 62.7%of the eyes and 20/25 or better in 85.1%.Linear regression scatterplots of achieved versus attempted spherical equivalent had excellent regression coefficients(r^(2)=0.983 in group-A and 0.979 in group-B).There were 75.2%cases in group-A and 80.6%in group-B(p=0.8732)within±0.50 D of targeted refractive equivalent.Slight trend of under-correction was noted in group-A.Average residual manifest cylinder in the toric subgroup-A was-0.50 D(95%Limit-of-Agreement(LoA)=-0.78 D),and in toric subgroup-B-0.45 D(LoA=-0.45 D).Conclusions:Mean spherical equivalent refraction and visual acuity are comparable with laser cataract surgery compared with manual capsulorhexis&ultrasound phacoemulsification.Improved astigmatism correction may be among the benefits of femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery.Transient corneal edema may be a first day transient disadvantage in femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery.

腹壁切口疝的发生及其预防措施

腹壁切口疝是外科剖腹术后的一种常见并发症,多见于腹主动脉瘤或肥胖症患者。切口疝的发生会给患者带来疼痛和不适,有时甚至可引起肠梗阻和肠绞窄,导致患者死亡,不仅严重损害了患者的生命健康,也给医疗保障体系带来了沉重的经济负担。近年来,通过选择适合的手术材料(缝线、补片等)和不断优化改良腹壁切口闭合手术技术,有效预防了患者术后切口疝的发生,减少了术后致残率,并节约了医疗成本。本文就腹壁切口疝的发生率、相关危险因素、治疗现状以及预防措施进行阐述。