An Empirical Study of the Effect of Inquiry Teaching on the Development of High School Students'Critical Thinking Under the New Curriculum Standards

The Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China has issued three guideline documents to encourage inquiry teaching to help students develop their ability to question,which is a defining feature of critical thinking.Two of the documents have clearly stated that English subject teaching should focus on building students’thinking capacity.Critical thinking is an essential feature of building thinking capacity and a key element of the core competencies the English subject seeks to cultivate.This research measures the performance of students of two high school classes in the exams conducted at the beginning,in the middle,and at the end of the experiment period during which inquiry teaching was applied to enhance students’critical thinking ability.The experiment results show that inquiry teaching can improve students’academic performance in English study and help them better develop their language skills.The implementation of the inquiry design in teaching listening,reading,and writing conforms to the law that governs the development of critical thinking,and the adoption of inquiry teaching can promote the development of critical thinking.

Challenges of the Performance Standards of the International Finance Corporation in Financing the African Integrated High-Speed Railway Network and the Way Forward: The Case of Standard Gauge Railway in Tanzania

Financing of the African Integrated High-Speed Railway Network (AIHSRN) through Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) Projects is very expensive. As a result, most of the African countries seek financial supports from the International Financial Institutions (IFIs). However, conditions provided by the IFIs through the Performance Standards (PS) of the International Financial Corporation (IFC) increase cost of the projects and thus, it becomes a burden to most of the African countries. This study aimed to explore the causes of IFC-PS through the SGR Projects that escalate costs and how to address them. The Tanzania SGR Lot 1 Project that covered 205 km from Dar es Salaam to Morogoro was selected as a case study. The methods used for data collection involved literature review, focus group discussions and interviews. The results and findings show a gap between the IFC-PS and the National Laws and Regulations that escalates costs of the projects if funds from the IFIs were to be secured. To bridge the gap, it is recommended that the African countries should engage into negotiations with the IFIs to agree to waive IFC-PS conditions that escalate costs provided they are adequately covered in the national laws and regulations;engagement of locally established national and regional financial institutions;and the responsible government institutions in the African countries should sit together for assessment and review of the IFC-PS against the national laws and regulations.

High-Dimensional Spatial Standardization Algorithm for Diffusion Tensor Image Registration

Three high dimensional spatial standardization algorithms are used for diffusion tensor image(DTI)registration,and seven kinds of methods are used to evaluate their performances.Firstly,the template used in this paper was obtained by spatial transformation of 16 subjects by means of tensor-based standardization.Then,high dimensional standardization algorithms for diffusion tensor images,including fractional anisotropy(FA)based diffeomorphic registration algorithm,FA based elastic registration algorithm and tensor-based registration algorithm,were performed.Finally,7 kinds of evaluation methods,including normalized standard deviation,dyadic coherence,diffusion cross-correlation,overlap of eigenvalue-eigenvector pairs,Euclidean distance of diffusion tensor,and Euclidean distance of the deviatoric tensor and deviatoric of tensors,were used to qualitatively compare and summarize the above standardization algorithms.Experimental results revealed that the high-dimensional tensor-based standardization algorithms perform well and can maintain the consistency of anatomical structures.

High Standard Capital Farmland Construction Based on Grain Security

In the context that global grain security is still in very severe situation,the grain security situation in China is not optimistic as well. The " Red Line of Farmland Area" cannot completely solve the grain security problems in China. We still need to seek new breakthroughs in the quality and yield of farmland. The construction of high standard capital farmland is the important premise to guarantee national grain security. On this basis,this paper has summarized the difficulties we are facing in the construction of high standard capital farmland,and has proposed the methods and measures to construct high standard capital farmland and lay a solid foundation for grain security in China.

Zoning Approach of Key Construction Areas of High Standard Capital Farmland in Guangdong Province

On the basis of actual situations of Guangdong Province, using Factor Analysis Approach and Quantitative Analysis Method, we built index system by four factors, namely, extent of farmland connectivity, local financial support, grain production capacity and farmland consolidation potential. Finally, we obtained that the areas with total scores of evaluation higher than 50 points are key construction areas of high-standard capital farmland in Guangdong Province. In total, there are 40 key construction areas, including 16 in plain areas of the Pearl River Delta, 9 in coastal regions of east of Guangdong, 10 in coastal regions of west of Guangdong, and 5 in northwest mountainous regions of Guangdong. Besides, we put forward construction direction of these 4 capital farmland areas.

Arrangement of High-standard Basic Farmland Construction Based on Village-region Cultivated Land Quality Uniformity

As an important constitute of land consolidation, high-standard basic farmland construction is an important means to protect the quantity, quality and ecological environment of cultivated land. Its target not only lies in the increase of cultivated land quantity, but also the improvement of cultivated land quality, agricultural production conditions and ecosystem environments. In the present study, the quality evaluation method and construction arrangement of cultivated land were explored to facilitate the process of decision-making and implementation for high-standard basic farmland construction(HSBFC) with administrative village as the unit. Taking the land comprehensive improvement project area in Quzhou County, Handan City, Hebei Province as a case study, the whole process of the study comprised of three steps: 1) establishment of the evaluation model of cultivated land quality uniformity based on regional optimum cultivated land quality, and construction of the uniformity evaluation index system from the aspects of soil fertility quality, engineering quality, spatial quality and eco-environment quality, according to the new concept of cultivated land quality; 2) calculation of cultivated land quality uniformity by grading indicators, assigning scores and weighting sums, exploring the local homogenization characteristics of regional cultivated land quality through spatial autocorrelation analysis, and analyzing the constraints and transformative potential of barrier factors; 3) arrangement of HSBFC according to the principle of concentration, continuity and priority to the easy operation. The results revealed that the value of farmland quality uniformity for the administrative villages in the study area was between 7.76 and 21.96, and there was a difference between various administrative villages. The regional spatial autocorrelation patterns included High-High(HH), Low-Low(LL), High-Low(HL) and Low-High(LH). These indicate that regional cultivated land quality has local homogenization characteristics. The most restrictive factors in the study area were the medium and low transformation difficulty indexes, including soil organic matter content, farmland shelterbelt network density, field regularity and scale of the field. In addition, there were also high transformation difficulty indicators in some areas, such as sectional configuration. The project area was divided into four partitions: major construction area, secondary construction area, general construction area, and conditional construction area. The cultivated land area of each subarea was 1538.85 ha, 1224.27 ha, 555.93 ha, and 1666.63 ha, respectively. This comprised of 30.87%, 24.56%, 11.15% and 33.42% of the total project area, respectively. The evaluation model and index system could satisfy the evaluation of farmland quality and diagnosis of obstacle factors to facilitate the subsequent construction decision. The present study provides reference for the practice of regional HSBFC, and a new feasible idea and method for related studies.

Assessment of High-standard Farmland Construction Effectiveness in Liaoning Province During 2011–2015

At present, the large-scale construction of high-standard farmland in China has improved the quality of cropland and crop production and enhanced the eco-environmental security. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of high-standard farmland construction in Liaoning Province of China during the 12 th five-year period(2011–2015), through on-the-spot investigations and remote sensing monitoring, this study assessed the construction effectiveness of ten typical sampling projects in Liaoning Province and then presented practical suggestions. The main conclusions were as follows. 1) The ranges of increase in productivity of the ten sampling projects in Liaoning Province all surpassed the goal of 1500 kg/ha. 2) Among all sampling project areas, the levels of productivity stability of nine sampling projects were higher than that of the surrounding farmland in a severe drought year. However, the productivity stability of the high-standard farmland construction project in Faku County, Yiniupu Town, declined by 1.04% compared with the surrounding farmland. 3) Except for the high-standard farmland construction project in Dengta City, Dengta Irrigation Region, the productivity uniformity of the other nine sampling projects increased by 3.30%–88.10%. 4) Eight of the ten sampling projects belonged to Class 1, and two projects belonged to Class 2, showing that the effectiveness of high-standard farmland construction in Liaoning Province was quite good.There were some suggestions for high-standard farmland construction in the future. All departments should strengthen cooperation and formulate corresponding protection and development strategies suitable for local conditions. Additionally, lasting management mechanisms should also be established. Using remote sensing monitoring to assess the high-standard farmland construction effectiveness during the 12 th five-year period could provide experience and decision-making support for high-standard farmland construction in the future.

Study on Quality Standards of Children Antipyretic Lotion

[Objectives]To establish suitable quality standards of children antipyretic lotion.[Methods]Qualitative identification was performed for Paederia scandens and Artemisia carvifolia in Children Antipyretic Lotion by thin-layer chromatography(TLC),and the content of paederosidic acid in children antipyretic lotion was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Besides,chromatographic column Feinigen XPeonyx C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),mobile phase was used,gradient elution was carried out with acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid aqueous solution,the detection wavelength was 236 nm,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature was 30℃,and the injection volume was 10μL.[Results]The thin-layer chromatography of P.scandens and A.carvifolia reference materials showed clear spots,good separation effect,strong specificity,and no interference in the limit control;paederosidic acid showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.65-9.75μg(R2=0.9996),the average sample recovery rate was 99.72%(RSD=2.52%).[Conclusions]The qualitative and quantitative methods established in this experiment are simple,reproducible,and the results are accurate and reliable,and can be applied as a quality control method for children antipyretic lotions.

Chinese Standard on Refractories——High Alumina Brick

This standard specifies the classification,dimensions, technical requirement, testing method.inspection principle, package, marking, packing,transportation, storage and quality certificate.

Challenging the Expiry Dates of Two Mycotoxins Standards: Afla and Ochra A

Objectives: To challenge the expiry dates of low concentration high purity mycotoxins standards. Literature Review: Aflatoxins (AFs) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) are persistent mycotoxins with adverse effects on humans. Mycotoxins standards are purchased to determine mycotoxin concentrations in food and may be stocked in some laboratories beyond expiry dates causing laboratories financial losses. Methods: Certified mycotoxins standards were purchased over the years from the same supplier at times and at other times from two different suppliers for quality control purposes. For AFs, six chromatographic runs for each of the mycotoxins standards were done to compare the difference among these standards having the following expiry dates (2008, 2012, 2013 and 2018). AFs standards purchased/obtained from two different suppliers in 2016 and expiring in 2018 were also compared. For OTA, the difference of concentration obtained between two years (2010 and 2018) was tested. All samples were run on a HPLC equipped with a fluorescence detector. Linearity of calibration curves and the points of lowest detection were determined for AFs components and for OTA from the unexpired mycotoxins standards. Results: At a 0.05 significance level and using non parametric tests, the statistical test revealed a p of 0.166, 0.153, 0.358 and 0.03 for B1, G1, B2 and G2 respectively among years for standards from same supplier and 0.037, 0.109, 0.182 and 0.182 for B1, G1, B2 and G2 respectively for unexpired standards from two different suppliers. For OTA, a p of 0.109 was obtained for standards of different expiry dates purchased from different suppliers. Conclusion: High purity low concentration mycotoxin standards purchased a decade ago (i.e. expired) did not differ from those purchased this current year (still valid). Hence, the expiry date can be renewed reducing the laboratories expenses. Manufacturers are urged to reconsider the expiry dates.

China's High Performance Computer Standard Commission Established

China's High Performance Computer Standard Commission was established on March 28, 2007, under the guidance of the Science and Technology Bureau of the Ministry of Information Industry. It will prepare relevant professional standards on high performance computers to break through the monopoly in the field by foreign manufacturers and vendors.……

Quality Standard of Oxyria sinensis Hemsl

[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of Oxyria sinensis Hemsl.[Methods]The method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition)was used to determine the moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and alcohol-soluble extracts of O.sinensis.The qualitative identification of medicinal materials was carried out by microscopic identification method and thin layer chromatography(TLC).The contents of hyperoside and isoquercitrin were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).[Results]The total amount of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,alcohol-soluble extract,hyperoside and isoquercitrin of 12 batches of medicinal materials were 8.56%-11.53%,11.26%-15.48%,1.62%-2.56%,17.75%-26.09%,and 0.036%-0.42%,respectively.The microscopic features were obvious,and pores,fibers,calcium oxalate clusters,calcium oxalate square crystals,cork cells could be observed.Fluorescent spots of the same color were displayed at the positions corresponding to the hyperoside reference substance.[Conclusions]Establishing relatively complete quality standards for O.sinensis medicinal materials can provide a reference for the quality control of medicinal materials.

Study on the Establishment of the Synchronization Mechanism for R&D and Standardization in Shenzhen High-Tech Enterprises

纸分析深圳高技术企业的优点基于深圳高技术工业的特征为 R&D 和标准化建立同步机制，到提供某指导，纸提供一些关键点为高技术企业建立 R&D 和标准化的同步机制。

Proper Management of Standards Formulation for Marine Survey Instrument Products

The challenges of the ocean working environment and conditions require that marine instrumentsand equipment be highly reliable and environmentally adaptable.The various parts and componentsof marine instruments should be interchangeable,so as to reduce product costs and reasonably economizethe use of energy and material resources.This paper intruduces the importance of formulating marine instrumentproduct standards,the present conditions and problems of marine product standards,and proposesrelated measures and suggestions to sovle the problems.

A High-performance Low Cost Inverse Integer Transform Architecture for AVS Video Standard

A high-performance, low cost inverse integer transform architecture for advanced video standard (AVS) video coding standard was presented. An 8×8 inverse integer transform is required in AVS video system which is compute-intensive. A hardware transform is inevitable to compute the transform for the real-time application. Compared with the 4×4 transform for H.264/AVC, the 8×8 integer transform is much more complex and the coefficient in the inverse transform matrix T8 is not inerratic as that in H.264/AVC. Dividing the T8 into matrix S8 and R8, the proposed architecture is implemented with the adders and the specific CSA-trees instead of multipliers, which are area and time consuming. The architecture obtains the data processing rate up to 8 pixels per-cycle at a low cost of area. Synthesized to TSMC 0.18μm COMS process, the architecture attains the operating frequency of 300 MHz at cost of 34 252 gates with a 2-stage pipeline scheme. A reusable scheme is also introduced for the area optimization, which results in the operating frequency of 143 MHz at cost of only 19 758 gates.

扩大金融领域制度型开放的运行机理、现实风险和实施路径

扩大金融领域制度型开放是开放型经济发展的必然要求,是实现国民经济高质量发展和中国式现代化的重要保证。以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,结合数字科技产业发展与中国积极加入CPTPP、DEPA的趋势要求,以国际高标准规则和中国金融开放的问题为导向,厘清金融领域制度型开放的瓶颈和基于RTA规则的差距,从金融服务业务、金融市场和资本账户等领域分析扩大金融领域制度型开放的运行机理和现实风险,并在此基础上提出金融领域制度型开放有序扩大的长中短期目标、实施路径、战略规划和方案设计。文章的研究为中国克服金融开放瓶颈,推进“金融深化”,建设金融强国,建立和完善中国特色的自主性开放型金融理论知识体系提供有益贡献。

The construction of technical standard system for ultra deep and high sour gas fields in Northeast Sichuan

To deal with the exploitation difficulties of gas fields in Northeast Sichuan with deep marine strata, after researching the relative standards domestic and abroad extensively, summarizing and promoting the successful experiences and failure lessons of project construction technology application scientifically, Sinopec has established an integrated technical standard system for the exploration and development of ultra deep and high sour gas fields. The system consists of 51 enterprise standards and covers 7 professions including geophysical prospecting, drilling, drilling log, well logging, gas formation test and production, sour gas gathering and transferring system, and HSE (health,safety,environment). It guides and guarantees the safe, high-quality and high-efficiency project construction effectively by means of enhancing the engineering design criterion, recommending the data processing and interpretation methods, identifying the requirements of operation and field inspection and standardizing the application of technical equipments.

气候行动最前线的高标准农田生产气象保障

以变暖为主要特征的全球气候变化已经严重威胁到全球粮食安全,高标准农田建设作为农业适应气候变化的重要措施已经在中国推广实施。为助力气候变暖影响下的高标准农田生产,文章梳理了国际土地整理与我国高标准农田建设历程,并从高标准农田适宜性评价、土地要素配置的粮食效应、高标准农田监督管理和高标准农田建设效益评价四个方面综述了高标准农田的最新研究进展,指出目前缺乏高标准农田生产气象保障相关研究。在此基础上,针对高标准农田旱涝保收、抗灾能力强和生态良好“三位一体”的要求,提出气象助力高标准农田生产应加强三个方面研究:农田生态系统气候水资源相互作用与农田节水灌溉;主要粮食作物气象灾变精准监测模拟与快速解析归因;农田生态气象风险敏感因子检测及其气象监测评价,以实现气象为农服务提质增效,助力高标准农田高产增效。

Research of Quality Standards for Stachydrine Hydrochloride in Chinese Medicine TJF Granule

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was applied to the determination of stachydrine hydrochloride concentration in TJF granule (Chinese name: Tiao-Jing-Fang), using a mobile phase of methanol-acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) by the Agilent Kromasi NH2 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, S/N: 22N25110). Detection wavelength was 201 nm. The result revealed good linearity of stachydrine hydrochloride and was obtained within the range of 0.20 - 1.98 μg/mL (R = 0.9995). The average recovery was 97.01%;the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.19%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report dedicated to the determination of stachydrine hydrochloride by the evaporative light scattering detector-high-performance liquid chromatographic (ELSD-HPLC) method.